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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 43 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The presence of conserved and variable regions in the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) allows construction of oligonucleotide probes complementary to defined regions of this molecule. In this paper we apply such probes to identify members of Enterobacteriaceae, specifically closely related species of Proteus. Genus- and species-specific detection of Proteus sp. was done by dot-blotting, subspecies identification by Southern hybridization. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, 24 to 29 bases in length, detected less than 103 bacteria in DNA/RNA dot-blots. Due to the favorable reaction kinetics, hybridization and washing times could be reduced to 15–20 min and 2–3 min, respectively. Sample preparation was critical, especially in the case of sputum specimens which were solubilized prior to RNA extraction. To prevent degradation of rRNA by the endogenous nuclease activity, the material was applied immediately to the filters. Otherwise, up to 1000-fold reduction in the hybridization signal was observed.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Nucleic acids ; PCR ; purification ; diagnosis ; 16s rRNA ; probes ; primers ; pathogen ; hybridization ; infectious diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 293-293 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 263-271 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: children ; diagnosis ; germ-cell tumor ; prognosis ; review ; therapy ; tutorial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In mature and immature teratoma the treatment is surgical. The risk ofrecurrence can be estimated from the parameters primary site (with thecoccygeal tumors being most at risk), histological grade of immaturity andcompleteness of the primary resection including the adjacent organ of origin(coccyx, ovary, testis etc.). In case of a microscopically complete tumorresection there is no role for adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy irrespectiveof the histological grade of immaturity. Malignant germ-cell tumors (GCT) account for 2.9% of all malignanttumors of children younger than 15 years of age. More than half of the tumorsoccur at extragonadal sites such as the ovaries (26%), the coccygealregion (24%), the testes (18%) and the brain (18%)represent then primary sites. In patients with extensive tumor growth, metastatic disease or secretingintracranial tumors a delayed tumor resection after preoperative chemotherapyis preferable. In these patients malignant non-seminomatous GCT may bediagnosed clinically due to the increased serum or cerebrospinal fluid levelsof the tumor markers AFP and/or β-HCG. Current risk adapted treatmentprotocols containing cisplatinum allow long-term remissions in about80% including patients with bulky or metastatic tumors. In thecisplatinum era the prognostic factors like histology, primary site of thetumor and initial tumor stage have partly lost their former impressivesignificance in infants and children. On the other hand the completeness ofthe primary tumor resection according to oncological standards has beenestablished as the most powerful prognostic parameter superior to tumor markerlevels or primary site of the tumor.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 38 (1979), S. 119-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Faktor VII ; Hypoproconvertinemia ; Faktor VII Substitutions-Therapie ; Prothrombinkomplex ; Faktor VII-Konzentration ; Heimselbstbehandlung ; Operative Eingriffe ; Factor VII ; Hypoproconvertinemia ; Factor VII substitution therapy ; Prothrombin complex ; Factor VII concentrate ; Home treatment ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Four new cases with congenital homozygous factor VII deficiency are described. Factor VII levels were reduced to 〈1%,3%,8% and 10%, respectively. The incidence and severity of bleeding symptoms were well correlated with the measured factor VII activity. In the severe case of factor VII deficiency (〈1%) a home treatment program was started because of severe recurrent hemarthroses. This entailed transfusions of 20 U/kg body weight prothrombin complex or factor VII concentrate in case of acute bleeding approximately every three weeks. These transfusions have been carried out successfully without any problems. In contradiction, two brothers with hypoproconvertinemia (factor VII 8% and 10%, respectively) reached an age of more than 70 years. Despite replacement therapy postoperative bleeding followed one appendectomy, whereas no postoperative bleeding followed patients requiring Achilles tendon lengthening and an above knee amputation and only slight bleeding followed a tonsillectomy. Based on our experience we suggest that in patients with factor VII deficiency of less than 10%, when undergoing surgery, should be maintained a minimal factor VII activity of 10–15% during the first three postoperative days.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vier neue Fälle mit angeborenem homozygoten und zehn Patienten mit heterozygotem Faktor VII-Mangel werden beschrieben. Bei den homozygoten Fällen war die Faktor VII-Aktivität auf 〈1%,3%,8% und 10 % der Norm vermindert. Schweregrad und Häufigkeit der hämorrhagischen Erscheinungen entsprachen dabei dem Ausmaß der Faktor VII-Erniedrigung. Bei dem Patienten mit schwerem Faktor VII-Mangel (〈1%) wurde wegen rezidivierender Hämarthrosen mit Einschränkung der Gelenkfunktion eine Heimselbstbehandlung eingeleitet. Diese wird seit 11/2Jahren mit einer Dosis von 20 E/kg KG Prothrombinkomplex und neuerdings mit Faktor VII-Konzentrat in Abständen von etwa drei Wochen ohne Nebenreaktionen durchgeführt. Zwei Brüder (Faktor VII 8% und 10%) erreichten ein hohes Alter von über 70 Jahren. Trotz Substitution kam es nach einer Appendektomie zu einer Nachblutung, während eine Achillessehnenoperation und eine Oberschenkelamputation ohne Substitution komplikationslos verliefen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, bei Patienten mit isoliertem Faktor VII-Mangel 〈 10 % bei operativen Eingriffen eine Mindest-Faktor VII-Konzentration von 10–15% über einen Zeitraum von drei Tagen aufrechtzuerhalten.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results of the BMF study group trials ALL-REZ 83 and 85 for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are presented. For children with late marrow relapse, remission rates of about 90% were seen in both studies. In children treated for early marrow relapse, the remission rate in study ALL-REZ 85 was superior (86% vs 62%). The probability of event-free survival for all patients and for those with early marrow relapse was also statistically significant (P〈0.05). Children with T-cell ALL had an extremely unfavourable prognosis in both studies.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Preoperative chemo-therapy ; Limb salvage ; High dose methotrexate ; Interferon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a cooperative adjuvant chemotherapy study of osteosarcoma (COSS-80), 192 patients were registered from December 1979 to March 1982. Fortyone patients have been excluded from study because of their nonadjuvant situation, therapy-limiting clinical conditions, or inadequate diagnosis. One hundred and fifty-one patients have been randomized to receive either the drug combination bleomycin+cyclophosphamide+dactinomycin (BCD) or cisplatinum (CPL) within a course of sequential multidrug chemotherapy including adriamycin (ADR) and high dose methotrexate (HDMTX). After exclusion of 51 patients with some deviation in history and/or management 100 selected patients were randomized once more to receive in addition or not fibroblast interferon after preoperative chemotherapy and surgical removal of the primary tumor. Patients were stratified for age and sex and for site and extension of tumor as well in both randomizations. Median follow up is now 12 (1–16) months. The expected 2-year disease free survival (DFS) rate of the total doubly randomized group is 78% and of the single randomized group 76%. No difference could be discerned between recombined groups receiving BCD vs CPL or interferon vs no interferon. The effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the tumor was evaluated clinically and by histopathologic grading; 66/85 (78%) patients were judged clinically as responders with pathohistologic verification of this finding in 71% of these cases. No adverse effect arose from delaying definite surgery for preoperative chemotherapy, but initial application of chemotherapy as well as planning, preparing, and performing of the surgical procedure have been facilitated. The majority of patients received some kind of limb-salvage treatment without local recurrences so far. A statistically insignificant but intriguing tendency for a slightly higher incidence of pulmonary metastases after resection as opposed to amputation could be detected. Similar to observations in the previous study COSS-77.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterNeisseria meningitidis ; Septischer Schock ; Waterhouse-Friderichsen-Syndrom ; Mortalität im Kindesalter ; Erworbene Hämostasestörung ; Key wordsN. meningitidis ; Septic shock ; Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome ; Childhood mortality ; Acquired coagulation deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: N. meningitidis infections may present as severe fulminant sepsis with poor prognosis. We assessed the frequency, age distribution, hemostaseological skin findings, need for intensive care therapy and prognosis of this infection. Methods: The data were collected using an active monthly surveillance system, the „Erhebungseinheit für seltene pädiatrische Erkrankungen in Deutschland (ESPED)“ from July 1994 to June 1995 in 320 childrens hospitals in Germany. Patients over to the age of 16 were excluded. The answering rate was 91 %. Results: 291 infections according to the case definition (N. meningitidis in blood culture and/or cerebrospinal fluid) were reported. Frequency peaked in the first year of life (n = 87) and from age 13 to 16 (n = 53). Intensive care measures (mechanical ventilation, dialysis, catecholamines) were needed in 42 children; 29 of those survived. The overall mortality was 4.5 %, but was relatively higher in 5–6 year old children (15 %). Petechiae and small hematomas (〈 10 mm) were a frequent finding (112/291 [38 %] patients), all these children survived. Ecchymoses (〉 10 mm) and/or skin necroses were observed in 82 children; 12 (15 %) of those died. Four survivors required surgical interventions for correction of necroses (skin transplants and/or amputations). Conclusions: Petechiae and small subcutaneous bleedings (〈 10 mm) are not indicative for an unfavourable prognosis of N. meningitidis infections. The overall mortality was low (4.5 %), however, despite early antibiotic therapy relatively high in 5–6 year old children (15 %). The findings ecchymoses and/or skin necroses alone are not sufficient to evaluate the efficacy of innovative therapeutical measures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Neisseria meningitidis-Infektionen sind beim Auftreten einer Sepsis mit einer hohen Mortalität behaftet. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Evaluierung von Inzidenz, Klinik, Therapie und Prognose dieser Infektionskrankheiten. Methode:Über die „Erhebungseinheit für seltene pädiatrische Erkrankungen in Deutschland“ (ESPED) wurden von Juli 1994 bis Juni 1995 monatlich die oben genannten Parameter in 320 Kinderkliniken bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (≤ 16 Jahre) erfragt. Die Rückantwortquote war 91 %. Ergebnisse: Es wurden 291 Infektionen gemäß der Falldefinition gemeldet. Infektionen traten am häufigsten im 1. Lebensjahr (n = 87) und vom 13. bis 16. Lebensjahr (n = 53) auf. Intensivtherapie erhielten 42 Patienten, von denen 29 überlebten. Die Gesamtmortalität betrug 4,5 % war jedoch bei den 5- bis 6jährigen Kindern mit 15 % hoch. Petechien und kleine Hämatome waren mit 112 von 291 (38 %) ein häufiger Befund; diese Kinder überlebten alle. Flächenhafte Hautblutungen (mit oder ohne Petechien) und/oder Hautnekrosen traten bei 82 Kindern auf, von denen 12 (15 %) verstarben. Schlußfolgerungen: Petechien und kleine Hautblutungen als einzige klinische Zeichen der Hämostasestörung sind per se nicht mit einer ungünstigen Prognose verbunden. Diese bundesweite Erhebung zu Neisseria-meningitidis-Infektionen zeigt, daß bei insgesamt hoher Fallzahl die Gesamtmortalität gering war, jedoch trotz frühzeitiger Antibiotikabehandlung eine überraschend hohe Sterblichkeit im Vorschulalter vorlag. Großflächige Blutungen und/oder Hautnekrosen als einzige Kriterien haben eine zu geringe prognostische Aussagekraft, um die Effektivität zusätzlicher Therapiemaßnahmen in vertretbarer Zeit und Zahl evaluieren zu können.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Keimzelltumoren (KZT) bei Kindern sind selten und gleichzeitig heterogen hinsichtlich der primären Lokalisation, der histologischen Diagnose, des biologischen Verhaltens und des therapeutischen Ansprechens. Durch kooperative Studien unter Einbindung unterschiedlicher Fachgruppen sind bei KZT des Kindes- und Jugendalters erhebliche Fortschritte zum klinischen Verständnis und therapeutischen Erfolg gemacht worden. Wesentliche Voraussetzung für den Behandlungserfolg war die Entwicklung effektiver Kombinationschemotherapien, die zuerst bei jungen Männern mit malignen Hodentumoren in sehr erfolgreicher Weise eingesetzt worden sind. Die Übertragung dieser Therapiemaßnahmen, die mit gravierenden und z. T. tödlichen Komplikationen verbunden waren [9, 14], bildete die Grundlage für den Behandlungserfolg auch bei bösartigen KZT des Kindesalters [1]. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass weltweit nur zögerlich die effektiven Cisplatin-orientierten Zytostatikakombinationen in die kooperativen Therapieoptimierungsprotokolle für Kinder mit bösartigen KZT integriert worden sind [3, 13]. Das therapeutische Ansprechen der KZT bei Kindern auf effektive Chemotherapien hat die Wertigkeit allgemein anerkannter Risikofaktoren wie Tumorgröße, Ausbreitungsstadium und Knochenbeteiligung relativiert [21, 26]. Zudem lassen neuere zytogenetische bzw. molekularbiologische Untersuchungen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen erkennen [6, 25]. Deshalb sind im Rahmen der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit die besonderen Aspekte der KZT im Kindesalter zu beachten, um die Behandlungserfolge weiter zu verbessern, die Therapie noch risikoadaptierter zu gestalten und die Spätfolgen für die Patienten nach Möglichkeit weiter zu reduzieren.
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