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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Faszination Meeresforschung : ein ökologisches Lesebuch (2017)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Meereskunde ; Meeresbiologie ; Meeresökologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Meereskunde ; Meeresbiologie ; Meeresökologie
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Themenvielfalt reicht von Flora und Fauna des arktischen Meereises über Mikroplastikmüll im Meer bis hin zur Überfischung und die nachhaltige Nutzung des Meeres. Wichtige Werkzeuge der Mikrobiologen wie Forschungsschiffe, Unterwasserroboter, Gensonden und Datenbanken werden in verständlichen Artikeln beschrieben, Exkurse über die Geschichte und Struktur der meeresbiologischen Forschung in Deutschland runden den Titel ab. (2)
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XXII, 573 Seiten , Illustrationen (überwiegend farbig) , 23.5 cm x 15.5 cm
    Edition: 2. Auflage
    ISBN: 3662497131 , 9783662497135
    URL: http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=a78e9ac141594f769eb30452ae02d967&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm
    URL: http://d-nb.info/1102390682/04
    URL: https://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz860735125cov.jpg
    URL: https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783662497135
    DDC: 577.7
    RVK:
    RB 10405
    RVK:
    WI 9510
    Language: German
    Note: Literaturangaben , Enthält 55 Beiträge
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  • 2
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    Modulation of physiological performance by temperature and salinity in the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima (2020)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Phycological Research, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 1322-0829
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-12
    Description: The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima experiences a wide range of environmental conditions along its geographical and vertical distribution range. Temperature and salinity are two critical drivers influencing growth, photosynthesis and biochemical composition. Moreover, interactive effects might modify the results described for single effects. In shallow water coastal systems, exposure to rising temperatures and low salinity are expected as consequence of global warming, increased precipitation and coastal run-off. To understand the acclimation mechanisms of S. latissima to changes in temperature and salinity and their interactions, we performed a mechanistic laboratory experiment in which juvenile sporophytes from Brittany, France were exposed to a combination of three temperatures (0, 8 and 15°C) and two salinity levels (20 and 30 psu (practical salinity units)). After a temperature acclimation of 7 days, sporophytes were exposed to low salinity (20 psu) for a period of 11 days. Growth, and maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), pigments, mannitol content and C:N ratio were measured over time. We report for the first time in S. latissima a fivefold increase in the osmolyte mannitol in response to low temperature (0°C) compared to 8 and 15°C that may have ecological and economic implications. Low temperatures significantly affected all parameters, mostly in a negative way. Chlorophyll a, the accessory pigment pool, growth and Fv/Fm were significantly lower at 0°C, while the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle was increased at both 0 and 8°C compared to 15°C. Mannitol content and growth decreased with decreased salinity; in contrast, pigment content and Fv/Fm were to a large extent irresponsive to salinity. In comparison to S. latissima originating from an Arctic population, despite some reported differences, this study reveals a remarkably similar impact of temperature and salinity variation, reflecting the large degree of adaptability in this species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) to the warming Arctic: from physiology to transcriptomics (2019)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Physiologia Plantarum, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 0031-9317
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-28
    Description: The Arctic region is currently facing substantial environmental changes due to global warming. Melting glaciers cause reduced salinity environments in coastal Arctic habitats, which may be stressful for kelp beds. To investigate the responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima to the warming Arctic, we studied the transcriptomic changes of S. latissima from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) over a 24-hour exposure to two salinities (Absolute Salinity [SA] 20 and 30) after a 7-day pre-acclimation at three temperatures (0, 8 and 15∘C). In addition, corresponding physiological data were assessed during an 11-days salinity/temperature experiment. Growth and maximal quantum yield for photosystem II fluorescence were positively affected by increased temperature during acclimation, whereas hyposalinity caused negative effects at the last day of treatment. In contrast, hyposalinity induced marked changes on the transcriptomic level. Compared to the control (8∘C – SA 30), the 8∘C – SA 20 exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by the 0∘C – SA 20. Comparisons indicate that S. latissima tends to convert its energy from primary metabolism (e.g. photosynthesis) to antioxidant activity under hyposaline stress. The increase in physiological performance at 15∘C shows that S. latissima in the Arctic region can adjust and might even benefit from increased temperatures. However, in Arctic fjord environments its performance might become impaired by decreased salinity as a result of ice melting.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Two Southern Ocean diatoms are more sensitive to ocean acidification and changes in irradiance than the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica (2016)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Physiologia Plantarum, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 0031-9317
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-10
    Description: To better understand the impact of ocean acidification (OA) and changes in light availability on Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology, we investigated the effects of pCO2 (380 and 800 µatm) in combination with low and high irradiance (20 or 50 and 200 µmol photons m-2 s-1) on growth, particulate organic carbon (POC) fixation and photophysiology in the three ecologically relevant species Chaetoceros debilis, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Phaeocystis antarctica. Irrespective of the light scenario, neither growth nor POC cell-1 was stimulated by OA in any of the tested species and the two diatoms even displayed negative responses in growth (e.g. C. debilis) or POC content (e.g. F. kerguelensis) under OA in conjunction with high light. For both diatoms, also maximum quantum yields of PSII (Fv/Fm) were decreased under these conditions, indicating lowered photochemical efficiencies. To counteract the negative effects by OA and high light, the two diatoms showed diverging photoacclimation strategies. While cellular chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin contents were enhanced in C. debilis to potentially maximize light absorption, F. kerguelensis exhibited reduced chlorophyll a cell-1, increased disconnection of antennae from photosystem II reaction centers and strongly lowered absolute electron transport rates (ETR). The decline in ETRs in F. kerguelensis might be explained in terms of different species-specific strategies for tuning the available flux of adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Overall, our results revealed that P. antarctica was more tolerant to OA and changes in irradiance than the two diatoms, which may have important implications for biogeochemical cycling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Ocean acidification stimulates particulate organic carbon accumulation in two Antarctic diatom species under moderate and high solar radiation. (2018)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Phycology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 0022-3646
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-17
    Description: Impacts of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and increased daily irradiances from enhanced surface water stratification on phytoplankton physiology in the coastal Southern Ocean remain still unclear. Therefore, in the two Antarctic diatoms Fragilariopsis curta and Odontella weissflogii, the effects of moderate and high natural solar radiation combined with either ambient or future pCO2 on cellular particulate organic carbon (POC) contents and photophysiology were investigated. Results showed that increasing CO2 concentrations had greater impacts on diatom physiology than exposure to increasing solar radiation. Irrespective of the applied solar radiation regime, cellular POC quotas increased with future pCO2 in both diatoms. Lowered maximum quantum yields of photochemistry in PSII (Fv/Fm) indicated a higher photosensitivity under these conditions, being counteracted by increased cellular concentrations of functional photosynthetic reaction centers. Overall, our results suggest that both bloom-forming Antarctic coastal diatoms might increase carbon contents under future pCO2 conditions despite reduced physiological fitness. This indicates a higher potential for primary productivity by the two diatom species with important implications for the CO2 sequestration potential of diatom communities in the future coastal Southern Ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Phlorotannin production and lipid oxidation as a potential protective function against high photosynthetically active and UV radiation in gametophytes of Alaria esculenta (Alariales, Phaeophyceae) (2012)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Photochemistry and Photobiology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 88, pp. 46-57, ISSN: 0031-8655
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Radiation damage can inter alia result in lipid peroxidation of macroalgal cell membranes. To prevent photo-oxidation within the cells, photoprotective substances such as phlorotannins are synthesized. In the present study, changes in total fatty acids (FA), FA composition and intra ⁄ extracellular phlorotannin contents were determined by gas chromatography and the Folin-Ciocalteu method to investigate the photoprotective potential of phlorotannins to prevent lipid peroxidation. Alaria esculenta juveniles (Phaeophyceae) were exposed over 20 days to high ⁄ low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in combination with UV radiation (UVR) in the treatments: PAB (low ⁄ high PAR + UV-B + UV-A), PA (low ⁄ high PAR + UV-A) or low ⁄ high PAR only. While extracellular phlorotannins increased after 10 days, intracellular phlorotannins increased with exposure time and PA and decreased under PAB. Interactive effects of time:radiation wavebands, time:PAR dose as well as radiation wavebands:PAR dose were observed. Low FA contents were detected in the PA and PAB treatments; interactive effects were observed between time:high PAR and PAB:high PAR. Total FA contents were correlated to extra ⁄ intracellular phlorotannin contents. Our results suggest that phlorotannins might play a role in intra ⁄ extracellular protection by absorption and oxidation processes. Changes in FA content ⁄ composition upon UVR and high PAR might be considered as an adaptive mechanism of the A. esculenta juveniles subjected to variations in solar irradiance.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    UV-radiation and elevated temperatures induce formation of reactive oxygen species in gametophytes of cold-temperate/Arctic kelps (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) (2011)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Phycological Research, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 60, pp. 27-36, ISSN: 1322-0829
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Enhanced UV-radiation (UVR) through stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming are crucial stressors to marine macroalgae. Damages may arise through formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in gametophytes of ecologically important kelps, brown algae of the order Laminariales, Such stress-induced damages may have a negative impact on their fitness and further impact their following life stages. In our study, gametophytes of three kelp species Alaria esculenta (L.) Grev., Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour., Saccharina latissima (L.) Lane, Mayes, Druehl, Saunders from the Arctic, and of L. hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie from the North Sea were exposed to photosynthetically active radiation, UV-A, and UV-B radiation and four temperatures (2–18°C). ROS are formed predominantly in the peripheral cytoplasm and in chloroplasts especially after exposure to UVR. Superoxide (O2*-) is additionally formed in small, globular cytoplasmic structures, possibly mitochondria. In the surrounding medium O2*--concentration increased markedly at elevated temperatures and under UV stress in some cases. Ultrastructural damage was negligible pointing to a high stress tolerance of this developmental stage. Our data indicate that stress tolerant gametophytes of three Arctic kelp species should sustain their crucial function as seed bank for kelp populations even under prospective rising environmental perturbations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Temperature Modulates Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Gametophytes of the Kelp Saccharina latissima (2019)
    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, 6, pp. 769-, ISSN: 2296-7745
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: Saccharina latissima is an economically and ecologically relevant kelp species in Europe and North America. In kelps, the sexuality is expressed during the haploid life stage and the microscopic gametophytes exhibit significant sexual dimorphism. To understand the sex-dependent impact of temperature on the gametophyte stage, we analyzed for the first time, gene expression profiles of male and female gametophytes at three different temperatures (4, 12, and 20°C) characteristic for the species distribution range by using RNA-sequencing. We identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sexes; while female biased genes were enriched in general metabolism and energy production, male biased genes function within cell cycle and signaling. In our study, temperature modulated sex-biased gene expression, with only a small percentage of DEGs consistently male (7%) or female-biased (12%) at the three temperatures. Female gametophytes responded stronger to higher temperatures than males, suggesting that males are more heat tolerant. Differences between S. latissima and other brown algal gender-dependent gene expression might mirror the different evolutionary and ecological contexts. Genomic information on kelp gametophyte is still scarce and thus this study adds to our knowledge on sex differences in abiotic stress responses in macroalgae at the transcriptomic level.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Transcriptomic Responses to Darkness and the Survival Strategy of the Kelp Saccharina latissima in the Early Polar Night (2020)
    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, 7, pp. 592033-, ISSN: 2296-7745
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Kelps in the Arctic region are facing challenging natural conditions. They experience over 120 days of darkness during the polar night surviving on storage compounds without conducting photosynthesis. Furthermore, the Arctic is experiencing continuous warming as a consequence of climate change. Such temperature increase may enhance the metabolic activity of kelps, using up storage compounds faster. As the survival strategy of kelps during darkness in the warming Arctic is poorly understood, we studied the physiological and transcriptomic responses of 〈jats:italic〉Saccharina latissima〈/jats:italic〉, one of the most common kelp species in the Arctic, after a 2-week dark exposure at two temperatures (0 and 4°C) versus the same temperatures under low light conditions. Growth rates were decreased in darkness but remained stable at two temperatures. Pigments had higher values in darkness and at 4°C. Darkness had a greater impact on the transcriptomic performance of 〈jats:italic〉S. latissima〈/jats:italic〉 than increased temperature according to the high numbers of differentially expressed genes between dark and light treatments. Darkness generally repressed the expression of genes coding for glycolysis and metabolite biosynthesis, as well as some energy-demanding processes, such as synthesis of photosynthetic components and transporters. Moreover, increased temperature enhanced these repressions, while the expression of some genes encoding components of the lipid and laminaran catabolism, glyoxylate cycle and signaling were enhanced in darkness. Our study helps to understand the survival strategy of kelp in the early polar night and its potential resilience to the warming Arctic.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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