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  • Elsevier  (81)
  • Wiley  (9)
  • Berlin : Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung  (3)
  • IFM-GEOMAR  (3)
  • 1
    Map
    Map
    Meeresatlas : Daten und Fakten über unseren Umgang mit dem Ozean (2017)
    Berlin : Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Atlas ; Meereskunde
    Description / Table of Contents: Ohne das Meer gäbe es kein Leben auf unserem Planeten. Es regelt weitgehend das Klima, gibt uns Nahrung und liefert Energie. Darüber hinaus ist es ein wichtiger Verkehrsweg, ein Erholungsraum und ein Quell ästhetischen Vergnügens. Aber das Meer steht unter Stress, denn das alte Prinzip von der „Freiheit der Meere“ hat zu Überfischung, Artenverlust und einer immensen Verschmutzung der Ozeane geführt.Deshalb muss der Umgang mit dem Meer auf nachhaltige und gerechte Grundlagen gestellt werden. Der Meeresatlas 2017 liefert dazu die Daten, Fakten und Zusammenhänge. Er zeigt in zahlreichen Beiträgen und über 50 Grafiken, in welch schlechtem Zustand sich die Weltmeere befinden, warum das so ist und was man tun muss, um die Situation der Ozeane zu verbessern.
    Type of Medium: Map
    Pages: 1 Atlas (50 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Karten
    Parallel Title: Pösel, Natascha Übersetzt als Atlas de los océanos
    Language: German
    Note: Zur Erstellung des „Meeresatlas“ haben viele Expertinnen und Experten mit ihrem Fachwissen beigetragen. Beteiligt waren insbesondere Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), die gemeinsam im Kieler Exzellenzcluster „Ozean der Zukunft“ zu Fragestellungen der Entwicklung unserer Meere forschen. Die Texte des Atlas beruhen auf Interviews, die mit den Expertinnen und Experten geführt wurden. Interviewführung: Natascha Pösel, Peter Wiebe, Ulrich Bähr , Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Meeresatlas : Daten und Fakten über unseren Umgang mit dem Ozean (2017)
    Berlin : Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Atlas ; Meereskunde
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Resource (50 Seiten, 23 MB)
    URL: https://www.boell.de/de/2017/04/25/meeresatlas-daten-und-fakten-ueber-unseren-umgang-mit-dem-ozean
    Language: English
    Note: Zur Erstellung des „Meeresatlas“ haben viele Expertinnen und Experten mit ihrem Fachwissen beigetragen. Beteiligt waren insbesondere Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), die gemeinsam im Kieler Exzellenzcluster „Ozean der Zukunft“ zu Fragestellungen der Entwicklung unserer Meere forschen. Die Texte des Atlas beruhen auf Interviews, die mit den Expertinnen und Experten geführt wurden. Interviewführung: Natascha Pösel, Peter Wiebe, Ulrich Bähr
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Ocean atlas : facts and figures about our relationship with the ocean (2017)
    Berlin : Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung
    Details Availability
    Description / Table of Contents: The publishers – the Heinrich Böll Stiftung Schleswig-Holstein, the Heinrich Böll Stiftung (national foundation), the University of Kiel Future Ocean Cluster of Excellence and the monthly magazine “Le Monde diplomatique” – want to point out the most important dimensions of our interaction with the ocean and its coasts. According to them, it is imperative to rethink our relationship with the ocean and its resources that are important parts of our environment and that urgently need international protection. On 23 graphically illustrated double pages the Atlas provides compact knowledge and current data on the ocean.
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 50 Seiten
    Parallel Title: Übersetzung von Meeresatlas
    Parallel Title: Pösel, Natascha Parallele Sprachausgabe Atlas de los océanos
    Language: English
    Note: The publishers – the Heinrich Böll Stiftung Schleswig-Holstein, the Heinrich Böll Stiftung (national foundation), the University of Kiel Future Ocean Cluster of Excellence and the monthly magazine “Le Monde diplomatique” – want to point out the most important dimensions of our interaction with the ocean and its coasts. According to them, it is imperative to rethink our relationship with the ocean and its resources that are important parts of our environment and that urgently need international protection. On 23 graphically illustrated double pages the Atlas provides compact knowledge and current data on the ocean
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  • 4
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    Genesis of mud volcano fluids in the Gulf of Cadiz using a novel basin-scale model approach (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 243 . pp. 186-204.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Mud Volcanism and fluid seepage are widespread phenomena in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian Margin). In this seismically active region located at the boundary between the African and Eurasian plates, fluid flow is typically focused on deeply rooted active strike-slip faults. The geochemical signature of emanating fluids from various mud volcanoes (MVs) has been interpreted as being largely affected by clay mineral dehydration and recrystallization of Upper Jurassic carbonates. Here we present the results of a novel, fully-coupled 1D basin-scale reactive-transport model capable of simulating major fluid forming processes and related geochemical signatures by considering the growth of the sediment column over time, compaction of sediments, diffusion and advection of fluids, as well as convective and conductive heat flow. The outcome of the model is a realistic approximation to the development of the sediment pore water system over geological time scales in the Gulf of Cadiz. Combined with a geochemical reaction transport model for clay mineral dehydration and calcium carbonate recrystallization, we were able to reproduce measured concentrations of Cl, strontium and 87Sr/86Sr of emanating mud volcano fluids. These results support previously made qualitative interpretations and add further constraints on fluid forming processes, reaction rates and source depths. The geochemical signature at Porto MV posed a specific problem, because of insufficient constraints on non-radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr sources at this location. We favour a scenario of basement-derived fluid injection into basal Upper Jurassic carbonate deposits (Hensen et al., 2015). Although the mechanism behind such basement-derived flow, e.g. along permeable faults, remains speculative at this stage, it provides an additional source of low 87Sr/86Sr fluids and offers an idea on how formation water from the deepest sedimentary strata above the basement can be mobilized and eventually initiate the advection of fluids feeding MVs at the seafloor. The dynamic reactive-transport model presented in this study provides a new tool addressing the combined simulation of complex physical-geochemical processes in sedimentary systems. The model can easily be extended and applied to similar geological settings, and thus help us to provide a fundamental understanding of fluid dynamics and element recycling in sedimentary basins.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2018.09.011
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Iron species determination to investigate early diagenetic reactivity in marine sediments (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61 (1). pp. 63-72.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-26
    Description: Iron speciation was determined in hemiplegic sediments from a high productivity area to investigate systematically the early diagenetic reactivity of Fe. A combination of various leaching agents (1 M HCI, dithionite buffered in citrate/acetic acid, HF/H2SO4, acetic Cr(II)) was applied to sediment and extracted more than 80% of total Fe. Subsequent Fe species determination defined specific mineral fractions that are available for Fe reduction and fractions formed as products of Fe diagenesis. To determine the Fe speciation of (sheet) silicates we explored an extraction procedure (HF/H2SO4) and verified the procedure by application to standard rocks. Variations of Fe speciation of (sheet) silicates reflect the possible formation of Fe-bearing silicates in near surface sediments. The same fraction indicates a change in the primary input at greater depth, which is supported by other parameters. The Fe(II)/ Fe(III) -ratio of total sediment determined by extractions was compared with Mössbauer-spectroscopy ] at room temperature and showed agreement within 10%. M6ssbauer-spectroscopy indicates the occurrence of siderite in the presence of free sulfide and pyrite, supporting the importance of microenvironments during mineral formation. The occurrence of other Fe(II) bearing minerals such as ankerite (Ca-, Fe-, Mg-carbonate) can be presumed but remains speculative.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00312-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    A model for microbial phosphorus cycling in bioturbated marine sediments: Significance for phosphorus burial in the early Paleozoic (2016)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 189 . pp. 251-268.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Highlights • An empirical diagenetic model includes redox-dependent P storage by microorganisms. • Sediment mixing and burrowing by animals strongly enhances P burial. • Supporting evidence for a decrease in oceanic P inventory in the early Paleozoic. Abstract A diagenetic model is used to simulate the diagenesis and burial of particulate organic carbon (Corg) and phosphorus (P) in marine sediments underlying anoxic versus oxic bottom waters. The latter are physically mixed by animals moving through the surface sediment (bioturbation) and ventilated by burrowing, tube-dwelling organisms (bioirrigation). The model is constrained using an empirical database including burial ratios of Corg with respect to organic P (Corg:Porg) and total reactive P (Corg:Preac), burial efficiencies of Corg and Porg, and inorganic carbon-to-phosphorus regeneration ratios. If Porg is preferentially mineralized relative to Corg during aerobic respiration, as many previous studies suggest, then the simulated Porg pool is found to be completely depleted. A modified model that incorporates the redox-dependent microbial synthesis of polyphosphates and Porg (termed the microbial P pump) allows preferential mineralization of the bulk Porg pool relative to Corg during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration and is consistent with the database. Results with this model show that P burial is strongly enhanced in sediments hosting fauna. Animals mix highly labile Porg away from the aerobic sediment layers where mineralization rates are highest, thereby mitigating diffusive PO43− fluxes to the bottom water. They also expand the redox niche where microbial P uptake occurs. The model was applied to a hypothetical shelf setting in the early Paleozoic; a time of the first radiation of benthic fauna. Results show that even shallow bioturbation at that time may have had a significant impact on P burial. Our model provides support for a recent study that proposed that faunal radiation in ocean sediments led to enhanced P burial and, possibly, a stabilization of atmospheric O2 levels. The results also help to explain Corg:Porg ratios in the geological record and the persistence of Porg in ancient marine sediments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.046
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Stable silicon isotope signatures of marine pore waters – Biogenic opal dissolution versus authigenic clay mineral formation (2016)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 191 . pp. 102-117.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Dissolved silicon isotope compositions have been analysed for the first time in pore waters (δ30SiPW) of three short sediment cores from the Peruvian margin upwelling region with distinctly different biogenic opal content in order to investigate silicon isotope fractionation behaviour during early diagenetic turnover of biogenic opal in marine sediments. The δ30SiPW varies between +1.1‰ and +1.9‰ with the highest values occurring in the uppermost part close to the sediment–water interface. These values are of the same order or higher than the δ30Si of the biogenic opal extracted from the same sediments (+0.3‰ to +1.2‰) and of the overlying bottom waters (+1.1‰ to +1.5‰). Together with dissolved silicic acid concentrations well below biogenic opal saturation, our collective observations are consistent with the formation of authigenic alumino-silicates from the dissolving biogenic opal. Using a numerical transport-reaction model we find that approximately 24% of the dissolving biogenic opal is re-precipitated in the sediments in the form of these authigenic phases at a relatively low precipitation rate of 56 μmol Si cm−2 yr−1. The fractionation factor between the precipitates and the pore waters is estimated at −2.0‰. Dissolved and solid cation concentrations further indicate that off Peru, where biogenic opal concentrations in the sediments are high, the availability of reactive terrigenous material is the limiting factor for the formation of authigenic alumino-silicate phases.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.07.022
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Freshening of the Marmara Sea prior to its post-glacial reconnection to the Mediterranean Sea (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 413 . pp. 176-185.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: During the last glaciation the Marmara Sea was isolated from the Mediterranean Sea because global sea level was below the depth of the Dardanelles sill. Prior to the postglacial reconnection to the Mediterranean Sea (~14.7 cal kyr BP), the surface waters of the Marmara Sea were brackish (Marmara Lake). Freshening of a previously saline Marmara Sea could have happened via spill-out of brackish to fresh water from the surface water of the Black Sea through the Bosphorus Strait. This hypothesis has not been tested against alternative possibilities (salt flushing by river run-off and precipitation). Here we use the dissolved Cl- and stable isotope composition (δO18 and δD) of Marmara Sea sediment pore water to estimate the salinity and stable isotope composition of Marmara Lake bottom water and to evaluate possible freshening scenarios. We use a transport model to simulate pore water Cl-, δO18 and δD in Marmara Sea sediments in the past 130 kyr, which includes the last interglacial (130-75 cal kyr BP), the last glacial (75-14 cal kyr BP) and the current postglacial period. Our results show that the bottom waters of the Marmara Lake were brackish (~4‰ salinity) and isotopically depleted (δO18~-10.2‰ and δD~-70‰, respectively) compared to modern seawater. Their salinity and stable isotope ratios show that they are a mixture of Mediterranean waters and Danube-like waters implying that the freshening took place via spill-out of freshwater through the Bosphorus. Our modelling approach indicates that the transit of fresh water from glacial Eurasia to the Mediterranean via the Marmara Sea started at least 50 cal kyr BP, was continuous throughout most of the last glaciation and persisted up to the post glacial reconnection to the Mediterranean through the Dardanelles sill (14.7 cal kyr BP). These results are consistent with previously published micropaleontological and geochemical investigations of sediment cores that indicate lacustrine conditions in the Marmara Sea from about 75 to 14.7 cal kyr BP.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.052
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Relating sulfate and methane dynamics to geology: Accretionary prism offshore SW Taiwan (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14 (7). pp. 2523-2545.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-28
    Description: Geochemical data (CH4, SO42−, I−, Cl−, particulate organic carbon (POC), δ13C-CH4, and δ13C-CO2) are presented from the upper 30 m of marine sediment on a tectonic submarine accretionary wedge offshore southwest Taiwan. The sampling stations covered three ridges (Tai-Nan, Yung-An, and Good Weather), each characterized by bottom simulating reflectors, acoustic turbidity, and different types of faulting and anticlines. Sulfate and iodide concentrations varied little from seawater-like values in the upper 1–3 m of sediment at all stations; a feature that is consistent with irrigation of seawater by gas bubbles rising through the soft surface sediments. Below this depth, sulfate was rapidly consumed within 5–10 m by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at the sulfate-methane transition. Carbon isotopic data imply a mainly biogenic methane source. A numerical transport-reaction model was used to identify the supply pathways of methane and estimate depth-integrated turnover rates at the three ridges. Methane gas ascending from deep layers, facilitated by thrusts and faults, was by far the dominant term in the methane budget at all sites. Differences in the proximity of the sampling sites to the faults and anticlines mainly accounted for the variability in gas fluxes and depth-integrated AOM rates. By comparison, methane produced in situ by POC degradation within the modeled sediment column was unimportant. This study demonstrates that the geochemical trends in the continental margins offshore SW Taiwan are closely related to the different geological settings.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/ggge.20168
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  • 10
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    Controls on organic carbon and molybdenum accumulation in Cretaceous marine sediments from the Cenomanian–Turonian interval including Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 324-325 . pp. 28-45.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: This study investigates the controls on organic carbon and molybdenum (Mo) accumulation in sediments deposited within the Western Interior Seaway across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary interval (94.34–93.04 Ma) including Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). Carbon fluxes to the sediment–water interface (reflecting changes in primary productivity) and bottom-water oxygen concentrations (reflecting preservation effects) are reconstructed from field data and used to constrain a benthic model that simulates the geochemistry of unconsolidated sediments as they were deposited. The results show that increased availability of reactive iron prevents Mo sequestration as thiomolybdate (MoS42 −) during OAE2 (O2 ~ 105 μM) by (i) inhibiting sulfate reduction, and (ii) buffering any free sulfide that becomes available. In the post-OAE2 period (O2 ~ 50 μM), Mo accumulation is favored by a large reduction in iron flux. Importantly, this occurs in parallel with oxygenated bottom waters and high rates of aerobic carbon degradation in the surface sediments, implying that elevated Mo burial fluxes in ancient marine facies do not necessarily reflect euxinic or even anoxic conditions within the water column. Our findings suggest that both an increase in production and preservation lead to enrichment in organic carbon in the Western Interior Seaway. More generally, the results demonstrate that a careful consideration of the coupling between iron, carbon and oxygen cycles during the early stages of diagenesis is critical for interpreting geochemical proxies in modern and ancient settings.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.004
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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