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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting melt-textured thin films prepared by a spray pyrolysis method (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4367-4369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films were prepared on (100)yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) by a spray pyrolysis method. The films were fired rapidly at 1000–1020 °C in flowing helium atmosphere and then annealed in oxygen. These melt-textured thin films had the aligned grain structure consisting of large, platelike grains over a wide area. The films thus formed showed relatively high critical current density Jc more than 4000 A/cm2, and the best Jc of the film fired at 1010 °C was 4800 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero magnetic field. The melt-textured growth processing was found to be more useful for the enhancement of the Jc value of thin films than the conventional sintering method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344930
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization by electron impact in an indirectly heated Penning source (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: ion-production mechanism in an indirectly heated Penning source has been studied at NIRS. Taking the number of primary electron passages between two cathodes into account, we calculated the effective electron current density, Ji ; it is the order of kA/cm2 for Ar, where the index "i'' is the charge state. In a pulsed arc condition of 2.6 A and 1300 V with a neutral atom density of 4×1013/cm3(cw), the calculated ionization times for Ar5+→Ar6+ and Ar6+→Ar7+ are 18 and 28 μs if their production process is step-by-step. These values agree well with the experimental value of 20 μs. Ji is proportional to the arc voltage and inversely proportional to the neutral-atom density N. The yield of multiply charged ions is in proportion to 1/Ni−2. This expression agrees well with the experimental results, which suggest that multiply charged ions are produced from Ar2+ through step-by-step ionization by primary electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347736
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of low-temperature ions in the nonequilibrium state plasma of a Penning source (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7933-7935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present the high-output properties during the early 100–200 μs of a pulsed Penning source. The peak intensity, I, is higher than that of a dc source by a factor of more than 10. This phenomenon is due to the long confinement time of ions, τ, at the rising of the plasma, since within such a short time the ion temperature, T, does not reach thermal equilibrium and is still low. These characteristics are expressed as I∝τ∝T−1/2. The ratio of T−1/2 before and after equilibrium has a maximum of 1/18.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347487
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of ion sources for the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator HIMAC : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 962-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is the first heavy-ion accelerator complex dedicated to cancer therapy. HIMAC is equipped with two kinds of ion sources. The PIG ion source is an indirectly heated cathode type, which is operated with a very low-duty factor. The ECR ion source has a single closed ECR zone with 10 GHz microwaves. Both sources realize good stability and reproducibility with easy operation, and satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy. They have been successfully used for clinical trials since June of 1994, and several tens of cancer patients have already been treated with 290–400 MeV/u carbon beams. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146784
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1087-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The development of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) injector is reported. The HIMAC is a heavy ion medical accelerator for cancer therapy. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is expected to provide a long lifetime, easy operation, and easy maintenance for medical use. The NIRS-ECR ion source has a single closed ECR stage, and a microwave frequency of 10 GHz is applied. Under the present performance, the output electrical currents of the ions are 2500 eμA for He1+, 300 eμA for C2+, 480 eμA for Ne3+, and 110 eμA for Ar6+. Stability of the intensity is better than 2%. The transmission efficiency through a low-energy beam-transport line with an acceptance of 200 πmm mrad is more than 70%; the typical 50% and 90% emittances of the injection beam with 8 keV/u are 20 and 80 πmm mrad, respectively. These performances satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145071
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy-ion sources for radiation therapy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 3947-3969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The usefulness of particle beams for radiation therapy has been well and widely recognized. For the cure of cancer patients, many accelerator facilities have already been utilized, and some new facilities are now being put into operation, or are under construction. Considering the medical and biological requirements, light heavy ions with an energy of several hundred MeV/nucleon are regarded as being the most suitable species. A reasonable choice to this end is an accelerator complex, for an example, one comprising an ion source, an injector linac, and a synchrotron. The ion source is of great importance, since its characteristics strongly affect the overall performance of the accelerator system. A pulsed Penning source (PIGIS) has been successfully used at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Recently, at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences a low-duty pulsed PIGIS for the heavy-ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) has been developed; it has both a long lifetime and a high peak intensity. As other types of ion sources, an electron-beam ion source (EBIS) and an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) are being developed at several laboratories. An EBIS is basically a pulsed source, and is being successfully used at Saclay. By using an after-glow mode, two ECRISs have made remarkable progress at Grenoble and the Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds; similar tests are proceeding for the Schwer-Ionen Synchrotron at the Gesellschaft für Schwer-Ionenforschung, the booster at Centre d'Europeen de Recherche Nucleaire, and the HIMAC. These different types of heavy-ion sources are discussed from the viewpoint of their application to radiation therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum size effects on photoluminescence in ultrafine Si particles (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 2379-2380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Visible photoluminescence was observed in ultrafine Si particles at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Si microcrystallites were embedded in a Si oxide matrix for the sample which emitted the light. The emission energy depended on crystallite size in the range from 2.8 to 5 nm. The inverse relation between emission energy and the square of the crystallite size indicates that carrier confinement in the Si microcrystallites causes this photoluminescence phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102921
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of the HIMAC pulsed Penning source : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 972-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Since 1994 at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences HIMAC, the NIRS Penning ionized-gauge ion source (PIGIS) has so far been used for radiotherapy with carbon beams and for basic research with several ion species. The source can produce beams from H2 to Fe with a charge-to-mass ratio of between 1/7 and 1/2. It is a hot-cathode type with a filament, of which the lifetime is on the order of a week and the cathode on the order of 1 month, under a low-duty pulsed operation (≤0.5%) synchronized to the ring operation. This PIGIS can produce highly charged ions: for example, 1 e mA of Ar7+ or 500 eμ A of Si5+ ions (by sputtering) under the typical arc power of 5 kW in peak. This article describes the present status of the NIRS-PIGIS. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150362
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Divertor impurity monitor for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The divertor impurity monitoring system of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor has been designed. The main functions of this system are to identify impurity species and to measure the two-dimensional distributions of the particle influxes in the divertor plasmas. The wavelength range is 200–1000 nm. The viewing fans are realized by molybdenum mirrors located in the divertor cassette. With additional viewing fans seeing through the gap between the divertor cassettes, the region approximately from the divertor leg to the x point will be observed. The light from the divertor region passes through the quartz windows on the divertor port plug and the cryostat, and goes through the dog-leg optics in the biological shield. Three different type of spectrometers: (i) survey spectrometers for impurity species monitoring, (ii) filter spectrometers for the particle influx measurement with the spatial resolution of 10 mm and the time resolution of 1 ms, and (iii) high dispersion spectrometers for high resolution wavelength measurements are designed. These spectrometers are installed just behind the biological shield (for λ〈450 nm) to prevent the transmission loss in fiber and in the diagnostic room (for λ≥450 nm) from the point of view of accessibility and flexibility. The optics have been optimized by a ray trace analysis. As a result, 10–15 mm spatial resolution will be achieved in all regions of the divertor. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149340
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-duty pulsed PIG source in HIMAC : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 466-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A low-duty pulsed PIG source has been developed for the injector (e/m= (1)/(7) – 1/4 ) of HIMAC. This source is of an indirectly heated PIG type. The requirement for this source is a high current with a low repetition rate and a low-duty factor. To obtain good stability during pulsed operation, the source is operated in a positive arc impedance range. Pulsed operation also allows the arc voltage to be high (1.4 kV), resulting in a high yield of multiply charged ions. With an arc pulse width of 500 μs (1 Hz and a duty of 0.05%), a useful beam pulse width of 200 μs with a peak intensity of 120 μA for Ar6+ has been obtained at an optimum gas pressure of 10−3 Torr. This intensity is higher than for cw mode by a factor of 5. A 90% emittance has also been measured to be 250π mm mrad in both the X and Y directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141275
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