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  • 1
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    Seasonal iron depletion in temperate shelf seas (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (17). pp. 8987-8996.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Our study followed the seasonal cycling of soluble (SFe), colloidal (CFe), dissolved (DFe), total dissolvable (TDFe), labile particulate (LPFe) and total particulate (TPFe) iron in the Celtic Sea (NE Atlantic Ocean). Preferential uptake of SFe occurred during the spring bloom, preceding the removal of CFe. Uptake and export of Fe during the spring bloom, coupled with a reduction in vertical exchange, led to Fe deplete surface waters (〈0.2 nM DFe; 0.11 nM LPFe, 0.45 nM TDFe, 1.84 nM TPFe) during summer stratification. Below the seasonal thermocline, DFe concentrations increased from spring to autumn, mirroring NO3- and consistent with supply from remineralised sinking organic material, and cycled independently of particulate Fe over seasonal timescales. These results demonstrate that summer Fe availability is comparable to the seasonally Fe limited Ross Sea shelf, and therefore is likely low enough to affect phytoplankton growth and species composition.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073881
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Aluminium in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Labrador Sea (GEOTRACES GA01 section): roles of continental inputs and biogenic particle removal (2018)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 15 (16). pp. 5271-5286.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: The distribution of dissolved aluminium (dAl) in the water column of the North Atlantic and Labrador Sea was studied along GEOTRACES section GA01 to unravel the sources and sinks of this element. Surface water dAl concentrations were low (median of 2.5 nM) due to low aerosol deposition and removal by phytoplankton. However, surface water dAl concentrations were enhanced on the Iberian and Greenland shelves (up to 30.9 nM) due to continental inputs (rivers, glacial flour and ice melt). A negative correlation was observed between dAl in surface waters and primary production, phytoplankton community structure and biogenic opal production. The abundance of diatoms exerted a significant (p 〈 0.01) control on the surface particulate Al (pAl) to dAl ratios by decreasing dAl levels and increasing pAl levels. Dissolved Al concentrations generally increased with depth and correlated strongly with silicate (R2 〉 0.76) west of the Iberian Basin, suggesting net release of dAl at depth during remineralization of sinking biogenic opal containing particles. Enrichment of dAl at near-bottom depths was observed due to resuspension of sediments near the sediment-water interface. The highest dAl (up to 38.7 nM) concentrations were observed in Mediterranean Overflow Waters which act as a major source of dAl to mid depth waters of the eastern North Atlantic. This study clearly shows that the vertical and lateral distribution of dAl in the North Atlantic differs when compared to other regions of the North Atlantic and global ocean due to the large spatial differences both in the main source of Al, atmospheric deposition, and the main sink for Al, particle scavenging, between different oceanic regions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-2018-39
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Influence of iron, cobalt, and vitamin B12 supply on phytoplankton growth in the tropical East Pacific during the 2015 El Niño (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (12). pp. 6150-6159.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and vitamin B12 addition experiments were performed in the eastern Equatorial Pacific/Peruvian upwelling zone during the 2015 El Niño event. Near the Peruvian coastline, apparent photosystem II photochemical efficiencies (Fv/Fm) were unchanged by nutrient addition and chlorophyll‐a tripled in untreated controls over two days, indicating nutrient replete conditions. Conversely, Fe amendment further away from the coastline in the high nitrate, low Fe zone significantly increased Fv/Fm and chlorophyll‐a concentrations. Mean chlorophyll‐a was further enhanced following supply of Fe+Co and Fe+B12 relative to Fe alone, but this was not statistically significant; further offshore, reported Co depletion relative to Fe could enhance responses. The persistence of Fe limitation in this system under a developing El Niño, as previously demonstrated under non‐El Niño conditions, suggests that diminished upwelled Fe is likely an important factor driving reductions in offshore phytoplankton productivity during these events.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL077972
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Anthropogenic signatures of lead in the Northeast Atlantic (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (6). pp. 2734-2743.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Anthropogenic activities have resulted in enhanced lead (Pb) emissions to the environment over the past century, mainly through the combustion of leaded gasoline. Here, we present the first combined dissolved (DPb), labile (LpPb) and particulate (PPb) Pb dataset from the Northeast Atlantic (Celtic Sea) since the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Europe. Concentrations of DPb in surface waters have decreased by 4-fold over the last four decades. We demonstrate that anthropogenic Pb is transported from the Mediterranean Sea over long distances (〉2500 km). Benthic DPb fluxes exceeded the atmospheric Pb flux in the region, indicating the importance of sediments as a contemporary Pb source. A strong positive correlation between DPb, PPb and LpPb indicates a dynamic equilibrium between the phases and the potential for particles to ‘buffer’ the DPb pool. This study provides insights into Pb biogeochemical cycling and demonstrates the potential of Pb in constraining ocean circulation patterns.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017GL076825
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Production of phytochelatins and glutathione by marine phytoplankton in response to metal stress (2006)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Phycology, 42 (5). pp. 975-989.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: Phytoplankton deal with metal toxicity using a variety of biochemical strategies. One of the strategies involves glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), which are metal-binding thiol peptides produced by eukaryotes and these compounds have been related to several intracellular functions, including metal detoxification, homeostasis, metal resistance and protection against oxidative stress. This paper assesses our state of knowledge on the production of PCs and GSH by marine phytoplankton in laboratory and field conditions and the possible applications of PCs for environmental purposes. Good relationships have been observed between metal exposure and PC production in phytoplankton in the laboratory with Cd, Pb, and Zn showing the greatest efficacy, thereby indicating that PCs have a potential for application as a biomarker. Fewer studies on PC distributions in particulate material have been undertaken in the field. These studies show that free Cu has a strong relationship with the levels of PC in the particulate material. The reason for this could be because Cu is a common contaminant in coastal waters. However it could also be due to the lack of measurements of other metals and their speciation. GSH shows a more complex relationship to metal levels both in the laboratory and in the field. This is most likely due to its multifunctionality. However, there is evidence that phytoplankton act as an important source of dissolved GSH in marine waters, which may form part of the strong organic ligands that control metal speciation, and hence metal toxicity. © 2006 by the Phycological Society of America.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00265.x
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Collision-induced dissociation of three groups of hydroxamate siderophores: Ferrioxamines, ferrichromes and coprogens/fusigens (2008)
    Wiley
    In:  Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 22 (14). pp. 2195-2202.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: The behaviour of a series of hydroxamate siderophores - microbially produced iron complexes - was investigated using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Three groups of iron hydroxamate siderophores, namely the ferrioxamines, ferrichromes and coprogens/ fusigens, were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to ESI and MS2 fragmentation. For the majority of the siderophores, both protonated molecules and sodium adducts were observed. The most abundant ion was selected for collision-induced fragmentation. Potential fragmentation mechanisms are postulated and discussed. Fragmentation patterns differed between siderophore groups; however, common fragmentation patterns were observed for siderophore ions within the groups examined. Cleavage frequently occurred at carbon-nitrogen or carbon-oxygen bonds. Fragmentation of the ions also involved cleavage of iron-oxygen bonds and transfer of the charge to iron.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3604
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Distributions of particulate Heme b in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans-Implications for electron transport in phytoplankton (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 27 (4). pp. 1072-1082.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Concentrations of heme b, the iron-containing component of b-type hemoproteins, ranged from 〈 0.4 to 5.3 pM with an average of 1.18 ± 0.8 pM (± 1σ; n = 86) in the Iceland Basin (IB), from 〈 0.4 to 19.1 pM with an average of 2.24 ± 1.67 pM (n = 269) in the tropical northeast Atlantic (TNA) and from 0.6 to 21 pM with an average of 5.1 ± 4.8 pM (n = 34) in the Scotia Sea (SS). Heme b concentrations were enhanced in the photic zone and decreased with depth. Heme b concentrations correlated positively with chlorophyll a (chl a) in the TNA (r = 0.41, p 〈 0.01, n = 269). Heme b did not correlate with chl a in the IB or SS. In the IB and SS, stations with high-chlorophyll and low-nutrient (Fe and/or Si) concentrations exhibited low heme b concentrations relative to particulate organic carbon (〈 0.1 μmol mol−1), and high chl a:heme b ratios (〉 500). High chl a:heme b ratios resulted from relative decreases in heme b, suggesting proteins such as cytochrome b6f, the core complex of photosystem II, and eukaryotic nitrate reductase were depleted relative to proteins containing chlorophyll such as the eukaryotic light-harvesting antenna. Relative variations in heme b, particulate organic carbon, and chl a can thus be indicative of a physiological response of the phytoplankton community to the prevailing growth conditions, within the context of large-scale changes in phytoplankton community composition.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2013GB004639
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Separation and Detection of Siderophores Produced by Marine Bacterioplankton Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Analytical Chemistry, 75 (11). pp. 2647-2652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was applied to the detection of the iron(III) complexes of the hydroxamate siderophores rhodotoluric acid, deferrioxamine B, and deferrichrome. Separation of the iron(III) complexes was obtained using a polystyrene-divinylbenzene stationary phase. The retention and responses of ferrioxamine and ferrichrome were optimal when a gradient elution program with methanol and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phases was used. These conditions were also suitable for the retention and separation of the uncomplexed ligands. Retention of iron(III) rhodotoluate was improved when formic acid was replaced by the ion-pairing reagent heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1%). Detection limits for the ferric complexes, defined as 3 SD of the lowest determined standard, were 26 nM for iron(III) rhodotoluate, 0.23 nM for ferrioxamine, and 0.40 nM for ferrichrome. A protocol for the solid-phase extraction of these hydroxamate siderophores from seawater was developed and applied to the extraction of siderophores from enriched incubated seawater samples.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1021/ac0340105
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Microbial iron complexes in the ocean (2012)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 243 . 536-ENVR.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 10
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    The toxicity of copper(II) species to marine algae, with particular reference to macroalgae (1997)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Phycology, 33 (1). pp. 2-11.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00002.x
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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