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  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (1)
  • Cham : Imprint: Springer  (1)
  • Elsevier  (1)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Ecology . ; Geochemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Earth System Science -- 2. Ecosystems, Regions, Regimes -- 3. Scientific Methods and Concepts -- 4. Systems Theory -- 5. Water Properties -- 6. Fluid Dynamics Concepts -- 7. Hydrodynamic System of Equations -- 8. Coordinate Systems -- 9. Hydrodynamic Approximations and Balances -- 10. Physical Processes and Phenomena -- 11. Waves, General -- 12. Mechanical Waves -- 13. Boundaries -- 14. Tides -- 15. Topographic Effects -- 16. Ice -- 17. Mathematical Basics -- 18. Differential Equations -- 19. Discrete Mathematics -- 20. Mathematical Concepts and Methods -- 21. Discretized Prototype Equations -- 22. Numerical Concepts and Methods -- 23. Models and Modelling -- 24. Subgridscale Parametrizations -- 25. Carbonate Chemistry -- 26. Biological, Biogeochemical and Ecological Concepts -- 27. Planktonic Organisms -- 28. Life Processes -- 29. Limited Growth -- 30. Primary Production -- 31. Species Interactions -- 32. Biospheric Modeling Concepts and Models -- 33. Aquatic Element Cycling. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 582 p. 242 illus., 206 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030541576
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-10-07
    Description: The time dependent circulation of the North Brazil Current is studied with three numerical ocean circulation models, which differ by the vertical coordinate used to formulate the primitive equations. The models are driven with the same surface boundary conditions and their horizontal grid-resolution (isotropic, 1/3° at the equator) is in principle fine enough to permit the generation of mesoscale eddies. Our analysis of the mean seasonal currents concludes that the volume transport of the North Brazil Current (NBC) at the equator is principally determined by the strength of the meridional overturning, and suggests that the return path of the global thermohaline circulation is concentrated in the NBC. Models which simulate a realistic overturning at 24°N of the order of 16–18 Sv also simulate a realistic NBC transport of nearly 35 Sv comparable to estimates deduced from the most recent observations. In all models, the major part of this inflow of warm waters from the South Atlantic recirculates in the zonal equatorial current system, but the models also agree on the existence of a permanent coastal mean flow to the north-west, from the equator into the Carribean Sea, in the form of a continuous current or a succession of eddies. Important differences are found between models in their representation of the eddy field. The reasons invoked are the use of different subgrid-scale parameterisations, and differences in stability of the NBC retroflection loop because of differences in the representation of the effect of bottom friction according to the vertical coordinate that is used. Finally, even if differences noticed between models in the details of the seasonal mean circulation and water mass properties could be explained by differences in the eddy field, nonetheless the major characteristics (mean seasonal currents, volume and heat transports) appears to be at first order driven by the strength of the thermohaline circulation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Sources of near-surface oceanic variability in the central North Atlantic are identified from a combined analysis of climatology, surface drifter, and Geosat altimeter data as well as eddy-resolving math formula and math formula Community Modeling Effort North Atlantic model results. Both observational and numerical methods give a consistent picture of the concentration of mesoscale variability along the mean zonal flow bands. Three areas of high eddy energy can be found in all observational data sets: the North Equatorial Current, the North Atlantic Current, and the Azores Current. With increasing horizontal resolution the numerical models give a more realistic representation of the variability in the first two regimes, while no improvement is found with respect to the Azores Current Frontal Zone. Examination of the upper ocean hydrographic structure indicates baroclinic instability to be the main mechanism of eddy generation and suggests that the model deficiencies in the Azores Current area are related to deficiencies in the mean hydrographic fields. A linear instability analysis of the numerical model output reveals that instability based on the velocity shear between the mixed layer and the interior is also important for the generation of the mid-ocean variability, indicating a potential role of the mixed layer representation for the model. The math formula model successfully simulates the northward decrease of eddy length scales observed in the altimeter data, which follow a linear relationship with the first baroclinic Rossby radius. An analysis of the eddy-mean flow interaction terms and the energy budget indicates a release of mean potential energy by downgradient fluxes of heat in the main frontal zones. At the same time the North Atlantic Current is found to be supported by convergent eddy fluxes of zonal momentum.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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