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  • China Geological Survey  (5)
  • HWU  (4)
  • ACS (American Chemical Society)  (3)
  • GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel  (3)
  • 1
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    Shallow gas migration along hydrocarbon wells – An unconsidered, anthropogenic source of biogenic methane in the North Sea (2017)
    ACS (American Chemical Society)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 51 (17). pp. 10262-10268.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Shallow gas migration along hydrocarbon wells constitutes a potential methane emission pathway that currently is not recognized in any regulatory framework or greenhouse gas inventory. Recently, the first methane emission measurements at three abandoned offshore wells in the Central North Sea (CNS) were conducted showing that considerable amounts of biogenic methane originating from shallow gas accumulations in the overburden of deep reservoirs were released by the boreholes. Here, we identify numerous wells poking through shallow gas pockets in 3D seismic data of the CNS indicating that about one third of the wells may leak, potentially releasing a total of 3-17 kt of methane per year into the North Sea. This poses a significant contribution to the North Sea methane budget. A large fraction of this gas (~42 %) may reach the atmosphere via direct bubble transport (0-2 kt yr-1) and via diffusive exchange of methane dissolving in the surface mixed layer (1-5 kt yr-1), as indicated by numerical modeling. In the North Sea and in other hydrocarbon-prolific provinces of the world shallow gas pockets are frequently observed in the sedimentary overburden and aggregate leakages along the numerous wells drilled in those areas may be significant.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02732
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    CO2 injection into submarine sediments: disturbing news for methane-rich hydrates (2011)
    HWU
    In:  [Poster] In: 7. International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011), 17.-21.07.2011, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom . Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH2011) ; 591/1-9 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: The production of natural gas via injection of fossil-fuel derived CO2 into submarine gas hydrate reservoirs can be an example of tapping a hydrocarbon energy source in a CO2-neutral manner. However, the industrial application of this method is technically challenging. Thus, prior to feasibility testing in the field, multi-scale laboratory experiments and adapted reaction-modeling are needed. To this end, high-pressure flow-through reactors of 15 and 2000 mL sample volume were constructed and tested. Process parameters (P, T, Q, fluid composition) are defined by a fluid supply and conditioning unit to enable simulation of natural fluid-flow scenarios for a broad range of sedimentary settings. Additional Raman- and NMR-spectroscopy aid in identifying the most efficient pathway for CH4 extraction from hydrates via CO2 injection on both microscopic and macroscopic level. In this study we present experimental set-up and design of the highpressure flow-through reactors as well as CH4 yields from H4-hydrate decomposition experiments using CO2-rich brines and pure liquefied CO2.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 3
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    Mineralische Rohstoffe aus der Tiefsee - Entstehung, Potential und Risiken (2019)
    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
    In:  GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 34 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 4
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    3-D numerical modeling of methane hydrate deposits (2011)
    HWU
    In:  In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH2011). HWU, Edinburgh, 279/1-6.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: Within the German gas hydrate initiative SUGAR, we have developed a new tool for predicting the formation of sub-seafloor gas hydrate deposits. For this purpose, a new 2D/3D module simulating the biogenic generation of methane from organic material and the formation of gas hydrates has been added to the petroleum systems modeling software package PetroMod®. T ypically, PetroMod® simulates the thermogenic generation of multiple hydrocarbon components including oil and gas, their migration through geological strata, and finally predicts the oil and gas accumulation in suitable reservoir formations. We have extended PetroMod® to simulate gas hydrate accumulations in marine and permafrost environments by the implementation of algorithms describing (1) the physical, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties of gas hydrates; and (2) a kinetic continuum model for the microbially mediated, low temperature degradation of particulate organic carbon in sediments. Additionally, the temporal and spatial resolutions of PetroMod® were increased in order to simulate processes on time scales of hundreds of years and within decimeters of spatial extension. As a first test case for validating and improving the abilities of the new hydrate module, the petroleum systems model of the Alaska North Slope developed by IES (currently Shlumberger) and the USGS has been chosen. In this area, gas hydrates have been drilled in several wells, and a field test for hydrate production is planned for 2011/2012. The results of the simulation runs in PetroMod® predicting the thickness of the gas hydrate stability field, the generation and migration of biogenic and thermogenic methane gas, and its accumulation as gas hydrates will be shown during the conference. The predicted distribution of gas hydrates will be discussed in comparison to recent gas hydrate findings in the Alaska North Slope region.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    Gas release experiment (2012)
    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
    In:  In: RV Celtic Explorer EUROFLEETS cruise report CE12010 - ECO2@NorthSea : 20.07. – 06.08.2012, Bremerhaven - Hamburg. , ed. by Linke, P. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, pp. 28-32.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-20
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_NS_4_2012
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 6
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    Constraining the global inventory of methane hydrate in marine sediments (2011)
    HWU
    In:  In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH2011). HWU, Edinburgh, UK, 129/1-13.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The accumulation of methane hydrate in marine sediments is basically controlled by the accumulation of particulate organic carbon at the seafloor, the kinetics of microbial organic matter degradation and methane generation in marine sediments, the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), the solubility of methane in pore fluids within the GHSZ and the ascent of deepseated pore fluids and methane gas into the GHSZ. Our present knowledge on these controlling factors is discussed and new estimates of global sediment and methane fluxes are presented. A new transport-reaction model is applied at a global grid defined by these up- dated parameter values. The model yields an improved and better constrained estimate of the global inventory of methane gas hydrates in marine sediments (3000 ± 2000 Gt of methane carbon).
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 7
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    CO2 injection into submarine sediments: disturbing news for methane-rich hydrates (2011)
    HWU
    In:  In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH2011). HWU, Edinburgh, UK, 591/1-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: The production of natural gas via injection of fossil-fuel derived CO2 into submarine gas hydrate reservoirs can be an example of tapping a hydrocarbon energy source in a CO2-neutral manner. However, the industrial application of this method is technically challenging. Thus, prior to feasibility testing in the field, multi-scale laboratory experiments and adapted reaction-modeling are needed. To this end, high-pressure flow-through reactors of 15 and 2000 mL sample volume were constructed and tested. Process parameters (P, T, Q, fluid composition) are defined by a fluid supply and conditioning unit to enable simulation of natural fluid-flow scenarios for a broad range of sedimentary settings. Additional Raman- and NMR-spectroscopy aid in identifying the most efficient pathway for CH4 extraction from hydrates via CO2 injection on both microscopic and macroscopic level. In this study we present experimental set-up and design of the highpressure flow-through reactors as well as CH4 yields from H4-hydrate decomposition experiments using CO2-rich brines and pure liquefied CO2.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 8
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    Spatial and temporal modelling of thermal effects during CO2 injection into methane-hydrate reservoirs (2014)
    China Geological Survey
    In:  [Paper] In: 8. International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8), 28.07.-01.08.2014, Beijing, China . Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8-2014), Beijing, China, 28 July - 1 August, 2014 ; T3-56 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-21
    Description: Injection of CO2 into CH4-hydrate bearing sediments, and the resulting in-situ replacement of CH4-hydrate by CO2-hydrate, has been proposed as a technique for the emission-free production of natural gas from gas hydrates. While the hydrate conversion is thermodynamically feasible, many studies conclude that the overall process suffers from mass transfer limitations and CH4 production is limited after short time. To improve CH4 production various technical concepts have been considered, including the injection of heated supercritical CO2 combining chemical activation and thermalstimulation. While the feasibility of the concept was demonstrated in high-pressure flow-through experiments and high CH4 production efficiencies were observed, it was evident that overall yields and efficiencies were influenced by a variety of processes which could not be disclosed through bulk mass and volume analysis. Here we present different numerical simulation strategies which were developed and tested as tools to better understand the importance of mass and heat transport relative to reaction and phase transition kinetics for CH4 release and production, or for CO2 retention, respectively. The modeling approaches are discussed with respect to applicability for experimental design, process development or prediction of CH4 production from natural gas hydrate reservoirs on larger scales.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 9
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    Experimental investigation of water permeability in quartz sand as function of CH4-hydrate saturation (2014)
    China Geological Survey
    In:  [Paper] In: 8. International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8), 28.07.-01.08.2014, Beijing, China . Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8) Beijing, China, 28 July - 1 August, 2014 ; T1-68 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: Water permeability in gas hydrate bearing sediments is a crucial parameter for the prediction of gas production scenarios. So far, the commonly used permeability models are backed by very few experimental data. Furthermore, detailed knowledge of the exact formation mechanism leads to severe uncertainties in the interpretation of the experimental data. We formed CH4 hydrates from a methane saturated water solution and used Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to measure time resolved maps of the three-dimensional gas hydrate saturation. These maps were used for 3D Finite Elements Method (FEM) simulations. The simulation results enabled us to optimize existing models for permeabilities as function of gas hydrate saturation.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 10
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    Gas hydrate accumulations at the Alaska North Sloge: total assessment based on 3D petroleum system modeling (2014)
    China Geological Survey
    In:  [Paper] In: 8. International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8), 28.07.-01.08.2014, Beijing, China . Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8-2014), Beijing, China, 28 July - 1 August, 2014 ; T2-37 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: The Alaska North Slope comprises an area of about 400,000 km2 including prominent gas and oil fields. Gas hydrates occur widely at the Alaska North Slope. A recent assessment by the USGS estimates 0.7-4.47 x 1012 m3 of technically recoverable gas hydrates based on well data and drilled hydrate accumulations. In spring 2012 a production field trial, testing CO2/N2 injection and depressurization, was conducted by USDOE/JOGMEC/ConocoPhillips at the Ignik Sikumi site. The 3D geological model of the Alaska North Slope developed by the USGS and Schlumberger is used to test the new gas hydrate module in the petroleum systems modeling software PetroMod®. Model results of the present extent of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) are in good agreement with results from well data. The model simulations reveal that the evolution of the GHSZ over time is primarily controlled by the climatic conditions regulating the extent of the permafrost during the last 1 Myr. Preliminary model runs predict the highest gas hydrate saturations near the major faults and at the bottom of the GHSZ, where thermogenic methane gas accumulates after migration through the most permeable stratigraphic layers (e.g. Sag River Sandstone Fm, Ivishak Fm). Gas hydrate saturations predicted for the Mount Elbert Stratigraphic Test Well and the Ignik Sikumi sites are basically controlled by the alternation of layers with different permeability and the fault properties (time of opening, permeability, etc). Further results including a total gas hydrate assessment for the Alaska North Slope will be presented during the conference.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
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