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  • Springer  (18)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between narcotic agonists, partial agonists and antagonists evaluated by punished and unpunished behavior in the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 76 (1982), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Narcotic agonists ; Narcotic antagonists ; Punishment ; Operant behavior ; Morphine ; Ketocyclazocine ; SKF-10,047 ; Naltrexone ; Naloxone ; Cyclazocine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of morphine, ketocyclazocine, cyclazocine, and SKF-10,047 were tested alone and in conjunction with naltrexone or naloxone, in rats responding under a multiple fixed-interval 3-min schedule of food presentation. Under this paradigm, electric shock was delivered on a fixed-ratio schedule for responses occurring during alternate schedule components. All of the drugs (except naltrexone and naloxone) decreased average rates of responding maintained by the unpunished component in a dose-dependent manner. The rate-decreasing effects of morphine and ketocyclazocine were antagonized by naltrexone. The rate-decreasing effects of cyclazocine were only slightly reversed by the antagonists, while those effects of SKF-10,047 were not affected by naltrexone. In some animals, certain doses of SKF-10,047 increased unpunished responding. This rate-increasing effect was antagonized by naltrexone. Morphine, ketocyclazocine, cyclazocine, and SKF-10,047 increased responding that was suppressed by electric shock, and these increases were antagonized by naltrexone and naloxone. Thus, the antagonism of opiate effects by narcotic antagonists depends in part on the behavior being evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435274
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impairment of avoidance behavior following short-term ingestion of ethanol, tertiary-butanol, or pentobarbital in mice (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Tertiary-butanol ; Pentobarbital ; Avoidance behavior ; Mice ; Sedative dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acquisition of a shock avoidance task was impaired in mice after cessation of chronic consumption of ethanol, tertiary-butanol (t-butanol), or pentobarbital. The drugs were administered in liquid diets for 7 days and avoidance behavior was impaired in a test 1 day after withdrawal of the drugs. The avoidance deficit was also observed 8 days after withdrawal from chronic pentobarbital. There was no apparent relationship between the avoidance deficit and physical dependence, as measured by a decrease in body temperature or convulsions on handling, since at 6 h after withdrawal only moderate withdrawal signs were seen in the mice consuming ethanol or t-butanol, and no withdrawal signs were seen in any of the mice at the time of avoidance testing. These results suggest that impairment of avoidance behavior after chronic exposure is a general effect of central nervous system depressants and, in the case of ethanol, is not due to the production of acetaldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426521
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between the oceanic geoid and the structure of the oceanic lithosphere (1984)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 7 (1984), S. 177-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Data from the GEOS 3 and SEASAT Satellites have provided a very accurate geoid map over the oceans. Broad bathymetric features in the oceans such as oceanic swells and plateaus are fully compensated. For these features it can be shown that the geoid anomalies due to the density structure of the lithosphere are proportional to the first moment of the density distribution. Deepening of the ocean basins is attributed to thermal isostasy. The thickness of the oceanic lithosphere increases with age due to the loss of heat to the sea floor. Bathymetry and the geoid provide constraints on the extent of this heat loss. Offsets in the geoid across major fracture zones can also be used to constrain this problem. Geoid-bathymetry correlations show that the Hawaiian and Bermuda swells and the Cape Verde Rise are probably due to lithospheric thinning. A similar correlation for the Walvis Ridge and Agulhas Plateau indicates that these features are probably due to an anomalously light mantle lithosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305419
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing two head injury treatments by linear logistic model (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 62 (1982), S. 31-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain ; edema ; injury ; modelling ; linear logistic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A linear logistic model is used to compare the performance of a series of head injured patients treated in Auckland with a series obtained from the International Data Bank (IDB), on head injured patients. The IDB patients were treated along conventional lines of neurosurgical management. The Auckland patients were submitted to a regime of elective artificial ventilation of the lungs and heavy sedation, directed against diffuse brain swelling. Two types of comparison were used. First, a model was constructed from the Auckland data of the relationship of outcome to factors relating to the severity of the head injury. This input-output relationship was used to predict the distributions of outcome in the IDB series. Secondly, a descriptive model on the combined Auckland and IDB data was given the option of selecting a dummy variable to indicate whether the source of the patient, Auckland or IDB, had significantly influenced outcome for a given set of other determinants. Differences between Auckland and IDB were only significant if the severity of the head injury in the IDB cases wase represented by the set of scores indicating their best condition over the first 24 hours of coma. The scores indicating the condition of the Auckland patients might be comparable to either the 24 hour best or the 24 hour worst IDB scores. One cannot say whether any differences in input-output relationships between the two series arise from differences in coding the input data or from real differences in outcome for given sets of determinants of outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA antigens and risk factors for nephropathy in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 3-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; nephropathy ; risk factors ; HLA antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study of risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in juvenile Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus compares two carefully characterised groups of patients, one with proteinuria (n = 23), the other a control group (n = 24) with no evidence of nephropathy despite more than 25 years of diabetic life. No significant difference was observed between the groups in any HLA-A, -B or -DR antigen or Bf allotype. DR3 was present in 87% of patients with proteinuria and 75% of the diabetic control group; DR4 was present in 48% of patients with proteinuria and 63% of diabetic controls; BfFl was present in 17% of patients with nephropathy and 9% of the diabetic control group. Compared with the control group, patients with proteinuria had significantly higher mean diabetic-clinic blood glucose concentrations before the diagnosis of microvascular disease, a significantly earlier age at diagnosis of diabetes, and had more often been treated with once-daily as opposed to twice-daily insulin regimens. Susceptibility to nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes appears to be determined by the quality of metabolic control and age of onset of diabetes; although the number of subjects studied was relatively small no evidence was found of any influence of HLA or Bf phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253492
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model based description of a head injury treatment (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 60 (1982), S. 265-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain oedema ; brain injury ; head injury ; modelling linear logistic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 136 patients with non-penetrating head injury were subjected to a regime of elective ventilation of the lungs and sedation, directed against diffuse brain swelling. A linear logistic model was used to identify determinants of outcome from information, collected and coded retrospectively, as to the state of the patient before treatment. The model performed satisfactorily in descriptive mode and a model constructed from data on one half of the series predicted moderately well the distribution of outcomes in the remaining half.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium ions and calcium antagonists in ischaemia (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 63 (1982), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of a calcium antagonist, nimodipine, were tested on the response of the cerebral circulation to arterial pCO2 and blood pressure changes. The effects of reduced blood flow upon oedema formation and extracellular ion homeostasis under nimodipine preloading were studied. Both open and closed skull primate models were used, with alpha-chloralose anaesthesia. Nimodipine infusion increased basal blood flow in the open skull, but not the closed skull animals. Autoregulation to increased blood pressure was little affected. Responses to arterial pCO2 changes and autoregulation to reduced blood pressure were severely impaired. Residual blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion was significantly higher with nimodipine than in controls. The threshold levels of blood flow for the development of cortical oedema and for disturbance of ion homeostasis were, however, increased, suggesting that nimodipine interferes with cellular energy metabolism and increases the susceptibility of tissue to ischaemic damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728881
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biliary elimination of cyclophosphamide in man (1982)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 9 (1982), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 72-year-old male with a lymphoma and obstructive jaundice received 900 mg cyclophosphamide IV as a part of a chemotherapeutic regimen whilst external biliary drainage was in progress. Plasma, urinary, and biliary pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and nitrobenzylpyridine (NBP)-alkylating metabolites were studied. In 32 h 891 ml bile was collected, and this contained unchanged cyclophosphamide and NBP-alkylating material. Despite fluctuations in biliary flow, estimates of the half-life of cyclophosphamide from plasma, urine, and bile were similar. Good correlation existed between plasma and biliary cyclophosphamide concentrations after the initial plasma had been completed. The ratio of bile to plasma concentrations was 0.7 and showed no time dependence, as evidenced by a lack of hysteresis in the correlation curve. Of the administered dose, 3.5% was excreted as unchanged cyclophosphamide in the bile over 32 h. NBP-alkylating activity was found in bile up to 25 h but not after this time, despite the presence of unchanged cyclophosphamide in plasma. NBP-alkylating material was not found in the bile when it could not be detected in plasma, and vice versa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296757
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitoxantrone: A phase II study in the treatment of patients with advanced breast carcinoma and other solid tumours (1982)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 8 (1982), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A phase II study of mitoxantrone, an anthraquinone derivative with structural similarities to adriamycin, has been carried out in 34 patients with advanced breast carcinoma and other malignancies. The first 20 patients were treated with a starting dose of 12 mg/m2 by IV infusion repeated every 3 weeks; this was escalated to 14 mg/m2 in the subsequent 14 patients. Of the 29 patients with advanced breast carcinoma, 8 achieved a partial response and two further patients achieved a mixed response. There were no complete responses. Of the eight responding patients, five had received no prior chemotherapy. Response duration ranged from 31/2 months to 10+months. No responses were seen in the other five patients, three whom had small cell carcinoma of lung, one squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and one colonic carcinoma. Neutropenia was the most frequently seen toxicity but was usually mild and transient; WBC fell to less than 2,000/mm3 in eight patients and to less than 1,000/mm3 in only two. Otherwise, the drug was well tolerated; nausea occurred in 35% of patients and vomiting in 21%; severe alopecia requiring a wig was never seen. Mitoxantrone appears to be a well-tolerated and clinically active agent against advanced breast carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255480
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An HLA-DR negative acute leukaemia which stimulates MLC and CMC responses (1983)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 16 (1983), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe an acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (E72) devoid of cell-surface HLA-DR antigens, but capable of inducing cellular responses. Leukaemia E72 induced proliferation of normal lymphocytes in primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), which was only weakly inhibited by anti-DR sera. Depletion of a small percentage (≃4%) of DR+ cells on a cell-sorter failed to abrogate the capacity of E72 to stimulate MLC and cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) responses. We found that normal lymphocytes primed with E72 responded in secondary MLC to lymphocytes and leukaemias, suggesting that the lymphocyte-activating determinant (LAD) on E72 is not leukaemia-specific. In addition, E72 induced CMC responses to both leukaemias and lymphocytes. We suggest that E72 may express a novel HLA or non-HLA LAD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199243
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