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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodiversity as a Source of Innovation in Biotechnology (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 46 (1992), S. 219-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.46.100192.001251
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmentally directed mutations in the dehalogenase system of Pseudomonas putida strain PP3 (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 158 (1992), S. 176-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pseudomonas putida ; Dehalogenase ; Halogenated alkanoic acid ; Resistance to halogenated alkanoic acid ; Environmentally directed mutations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Favourable mutations involving the two dehalogenases (DehI and DehII) of Pseudomonas putida PP3 and derivative strains containing the cloned gene for DehI (dehI) occurred in response to specific environmental conditions, namely: starvation conditions; the presence of dehalogenase substrates (halogenated alkanoic acids — HAAs) which were toxic to P. putida; and/or the presence of a potential growth substrate. Fluctuation tests showed that these mutations were environmentally directed by the presence of HAAs. the mutations were associated with complex DNA rearrangements involving the movement of dehI located on a transposon DEH. Some mutations resulted in switching off the expression of either one or both of the dehalogenases, events which were effective in protecting P. putida from toxic compounds in its growth environment. Other mutations partially restored P. putida's dehalogenating capability under conditions where toxic substrates were absent. Restoration of the capability to untilize HAAs was favoured when normal growth substrates were present in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290813
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the serological response of specific pathogen-free (EHV-free) foals to EHV-1 by previous infection with EHV-4 or a TK-deletion mutant of EHV-1 (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 132 (1993), S. 101-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary EHV-1 was inoculated into specific pathogen-free (SPF) foals in order to study uncomplicated primary responses. Infection resulted in a strong serological response recognizing EHV-1-specific antigens; this contrasts with a previous publication where a weak response was recorded in SPF animals. Antibodies to EHV-1 were readily detected by four techniques (virus neutralization, complement fixation, Western blots and immune precipitation), yet there was comparatively little cross-reaction to EHV-4 target antigen. Re-in-oculation with the same virus strain stimulated antibodies to EHV-1 but no additional antigens were recognized and antibodies cross-reacting with EHV-4 antigens were not enhanced. Having characterized the uncomplicated primary response to EHV-1 in SPF foals, further animals were exposed to either EHV-4 or a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of EHV-1 prior to challenge with w/t EHV-1 to investigate how these infections might modulate the immune responses to EHV-1 or 4. Primary inoculation with EHV-4 or with a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of EHV-1 produced productive infections as evidenced by virus shedding and pyrexia. In both these cases, however, in contrast to that with w/t EHV-1, the serological response was very weak. Re-infection of foals primed with either EHV-4 or TK-deficient EHV-1 with w/t EHV-1 resulted in a strong response to EHV-1 antigens detected by all four methods. In addition, in the foals given a primary inoculation with EHV-4, superinfection with EHV-1 resulted in a strong cross-reactive response to EHV-4 target antigens. The relevance of these observations to the interpretation of previously reported serological responses to EHVs in SPF and naturally reared animals is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309846
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus-1 in specific pathogen-free foals: primary and secondary infections and reactivation (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 123 (1992), S. 351-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six specific pathogen-free foals shown to be free of equine herpesvirus-1 and 4 (EHV-1 and -4) and lacking in maternally-derived antibodies were used to investigate the pathogenesis of EHV-1 in horses. Following primary intranasal inoculation with EHV-1 all foals showed signs of a mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection. A leucopenia was observed, comprising both a lymphopenia and neutropenia. Virus was isolated from nasal mucus and buffy coat cells over several days during the clinical episode and after the animals became clinically normal. Notwithstanding the mildness of the clinical disease, virus was not eliminated completely and intravenous administration of dexamethasone resulted in reactivation of latent EHV-1 in animals which had received only a single dose of the virus. In a second infection given to four foals, 61 days after the primary inoculation, no clinical signs were observed, haematological changes were minimal and viraemia was absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317269
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 346-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial dehalogenation of trichloroacetic acid (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 512-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Dehalogenases ; dehalogenation ; methylotrophs ; Pseudomonas ; trichloroacetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A pure bacterial culture and a two-membered mixed culture were isolated that degraded trichloroacetic acid if a second, readily metabolizable substrate was present in the growth medium. Previous doubts over the microbial dehalogenation of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) may be due to its inability to act as a sole carbon and energy source. TCA dehalogenation was associated with conventional 2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases but oxalate, the putative dehalogenase product, was not detected. CO2 was produced rapidly and concomitantly with Cl− ion release during dehalogenation of TCA. An alternative mechanism is suggested for TCA dehalogenation via an initial decarboxylation reaction. This mechanism predicts that carbon monoxide is a product of TCA decarboxylation and it was significant that one of the organisms isolated,Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogens, was a carboxytroph and a second was an unidentified facultative methylotroph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201951
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) (1993)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Anti-microbial activity ; competition ; garlic ; MIC values ; mixed culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An aqueous extract of freeze-dried garlic (Allium sativum), when incorporated into growth media, inhibited many representative bacteria, yeasts, fungi and a virus. All microorganisms tested were susceptible to garlic. Quantitative assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for bacteria and yeasts showed values ranging from 0.8 to 40.0 mg garlic ml-1. Fungal radial colony growth was inhibited by at least 25% at concentrations as low as 2.0 mg garlic ml-1. The 50% endpoint neutralization titre for rotavirus was 2.4 to 2.8 μg ml-1. Lactic acid bacteria were the least sensitive microorganisms to the inhibitory effects of garlic. In mixed culture studies of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli, garlic prevented the establishment of E. coli, although the final outcome of competition was not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383068
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1991)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 516-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262400
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