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  • 1
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Hepatocellular cancer ; Venous isolation ; Hemofiltration ; Doxorubicin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: We performed a phase I study of a novel system of complete hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal chemofiltration in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine (a) whether systemic exposure to doxorubicin could be limited after high-dose hepatic arterial infusion (HAI), and (b) the hepatic maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of doxorubicin. Methods: Ten patients with biopsy-proven HCC were treated with 20-min HAI of doxorubicin (17 total treatments). Two patients were treated with doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, three patients were treated at 90 mg/m2, and five patients received 120 mg/m2. A newly developed dual-balloon vena cava catheter was advanced from the femoral vein, and the balloons were inflated to isolate and capture total hepatic venous outflow. The hepatic venous blood was pumped through extracorporeal carbon chemofilters before return of the blood to the systemic circulation. Results: Peak systemic doxorubicin levels were an average 85.6% lower than were peak prefilter levels (p〈0.01). Because all catheters were placed percutaneously and because the chemofiltration markedly limited systemic chemotherapy exposure, patients were discharged 1 day after 16 of the 17 treatments. The hepatic and systemic MTD of doxorubicin in this treatment protocol was 120 mg/m2. Conclusions: This novel system of complete hepatic venous isolation and chemofiltration limits systemic chemotherapy toxicity and will allow use of higher doses of chemotherapeutic agents to treat HCC.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étiologie, le pronostic et la thérapeutique optimale du traitement des tumeurs carcinoïdes de l'estomac restent discutés. Les dossiers de 36 patients consécutifs porteurs de tumeurs carcinoïdes (15 hommes), traités entre 1975 et 1990, ont été revus. Le suivi a été complet chez 97% des cas. L'âge moyen au moment du diagnostic était de 58.4 ans (extrêmes 24–82 ans). Les signes révélateurs on été l'anémie (72%), la douleur (69%) et le syndrome carcinoïde (11%). Les anomalies auto-immunes et endocrines associées étaient la gastrite atrophique (67%), l'anémie pernicieuse (58%), l'hypothyroïdie (39%), le diabète (19%), la maladie d'Addison (6%) et l'hyperparathyroïdie (6%). Les lésions intéressaient le corps seul de l'estomac dans 42% des cas, le fundus dans 28% des cas et l'antre seul dans 8% des cas. Dans 42% des cas, les lésions étaient multiples. Les taux de 5-hydroxyindole-acide acétique (5-HIAA) et de gastrine sériques étaient élevés chez, respectivement, 17% et 50% des patients testés. L'examen histologique a révélé que 28% des lésions mesuraient 2 cm ou plus et 33% des patients avaient des métastases hépatiques lors de la première consultation ou en ont développé par la suite. Vingt-deux pourcent des patients (n=8) sont décédés de leur tumeur; la médiane de survie étant de 39 mois. La présence de métastases, l'atypie histologique, l'envahissement de la séreuse, la taille 〉 2 cm étaient des facteurs de mauvais pronostic. Chez les patients sans hypergastrinémie (n=6), 66% ont développé des métastases, 60% avaient une élévation des 5-HIAA, et 50% sont décédés de leur tumeur carcinoïde. En revanche, chez les patients qui avaient une hypergastrinémie et ceux qui avaient une tumeur carcinoïde gastrique “typique” (n=15), il n'a pas été observé ni de métastase, ni de mortalité (respectivement p〈0.003 et p〈 0.005 par rapport aux tumeurs eugastrinémiques). Dans ce dernier groupe (hypergastrinémie et histologie typique), l'anémie pernicieuse était fréquente (73%). On a vu moins de lésions solitaires et d'envahissement de la séreuse (33% vs 100%, p〈 0.005 et 0% vs 33% p〈0.05). Il n'y avait aucune lésion dont le diamétre dépassait 2 cm dans ce groupe comparé à 66% dans le groupe sans hypergastrinémie (p〈0.002). Aucun patient avec une hypergastrinémie n'avait de taux élevés de 5-HIAA.
    Abstract: Resumen La etiología, pronóstico y óptima modalidad de manejo de los carcinoides gástricos primarios siguen siendo motivo de controversia. Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva las historias de 36 pacientes consecutivos con carcinoide gástrico (15 hombres) en el período entre 1975 y 1990. Se logró seguimiento completo en 97% de los casos. La edad media en el momento del diagnóstico fue 58.4 años trango 24–28. Los síntomas de presentación fueron: anemia (72%), dolor (69%) y síndrome carcinoide (11%). Fueron comunes las anormalidades asociadas de tipo autoinmune y de tipo endocrino, que ìncluyeron gastritis atrófica (67%), anemia perniciosa (58%), hipotiroidismo (39%), diabetes (19%), enfermedad de Addison (6%) e hiperparatiroidismo (6%). Las lesiones fueron no antrales en el 78% de total, con 42% ubicadas en el cuerpo, 28% en el fundus y 8% afectando el antro sólamente; 42% fueron múltiples. Los niveles urinarios de ácido 5-hidroxiindoloacético (5-HIAA) y los niveles séricos de gastrina aparecieron elevados en 17% y 50% de los pacientes examinados, respectivamente. El examen histológico reveló que 28% de las lesiones eran de 2 cm o mayores, y 33% presentaban metástasis hepáticas en el momento del diagnóstico o las desarrollaron en el curso del seguimiento. Veintidos por ciento de los pacientes (n=8) murieron por causa del tumor, con una sobrevida media de 39 meses. La presencia de metástasis, la histología atípica, la extensión a la serosa y el tamaño 〉 2 cm demostraron ser factores adversos de pronósticos. Entre los pacientes con hipergastrinemia (n=6), 66% desarrollaron metástasis, 60% presentaron 5-HIAA elevado y 50% murieron por el tumor carcinoide. En contraste marcado, aquellos pacientes con hipergastrinemia y carcinoides “típicos” (n=15), no se presentaron metástasis ni muertes (p 〈0.003 y p〈0.005 respectivamente), en comparación con los pacientes eugastrinémicos. En este último grupo (hipergastrinemia e histología típica) fue común la anemia perníciosa (73%); las lesiones solitarias y la penetración a la serosa fueron observadas con frecuencà relativamente menor (33% vs 100%, p〈0.005 y 0% vs 33%, p 〈0.05, respectivamente), y ninguna lesión midió 〉 2.0 cm, en comparación con 66% en el grupo que no exhibió elevación de gastrina (p〈0.002). Ningún paciente con hipergastrinemia presentó niveles elevados de 5-HIAA.
    Notes: Abstract The etiology, prognosis, and optimal management of primary gastric carcinoids remain controversial. Records of 36 consecutive patients with gastric carcinoid (15 men) were reviewed retrospectively between 1975 and 1990. Follow-up was complete in 97% of cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 58.4 years (range 24–82 years). The clinical presentations included anemia (72%), pain (69%), and carcinoid syndrome (11%). Associated autoimmune and endocrine abnormalities were common and included atrophic gastritis (67%), pernicious anemia (58%), hypothyroidism (39%), diabetes (19%), Addison's disease (6%), and hyperparathyroidism (6%). Lesions were nonantral in 78%, involving only the corpus in 42%, the fundus in 28%, and only the antrum in 8%; 42% were multiple. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and serum gastrin levels were elevated in 17% and 50% of those tested, respectively. Histologic examination revealed that 28% of lesions were ≥2 cm, and 33% had liver metastases on presentation or developed them during follow-up. Eight patients (22%) died of tumor with a median survival of 39 months. The presence of metastases, atypical histology, serosal involvement, and size 〉 2 cm were adverse prognostic factors. In patients without hypergastrinemia (n=6), 66% developed metastases, 60% had elevated 5-HIAA, and 50% died of carcinoid tumor. In sharp contrast, those patients with hypergastrinemia and “typical” gastric carcinoids (n=15), metastases and death did not occur (p〈0.003 and p 〈 0.005, respectively, compared with eugastrinemic patients). In the latter group (hypergastrinemia and typical histology), pernicious anemia was common (73%); solitary lesions and serosal penetration were seen comparatively less often (33% versus 100%, p〈0.005 and 0% versus 33%, p〈0.05, respectively); and no lesion measured 〉 2.0 cm compared to 66% in the group without elevated gastrin (p〈0.002). No patient with hypergastrinaemia had elevated levels of 5-HIAA. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 58% and 28%, respectively. Survival was 80% at 5 and 10 years in the hypergastrinemic group. Gastric carcinoid tumors that are histologically atypical, large (〉2 cm), or present without elevated gastrin are potentially lethal and require aggressive therapy. In contrast, gastric carcinoids with typical histology and hypergastrinemia are rarely lethal, and conservative management with local excision and close observation is appropriate.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 6 (1990), S. 53-59 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bituminous coal ; Biosolubilization ; Penicillium sp. ; Surface colonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary APenicillium sp. previously shown to grow on lignite coals degraded an air-oxidized bituminous coal (Illinois #6) to a material that was more than 80% soluble in 0.5 N NaOH. Scanning electron microscopy of the oxidized Illinois #6 revealed colonization of the surface by thePenicillium sp., production of conidia, and erosion of the coal surface. The average molecular weight (MW) of Illinois #6 degraded by the fungus and base-solubilized was approximately 1000 Da. The average MW for base-solubilized Illinois #6 that was not exposed to the fungus was 6000 Da, suggesting solubilizing mechanisms other than base catalysis. A spectrophotometric assay to quantify the microbial conversion of biosolubilized coal was developed. Standard curves were constructed based on the absorbance at 450 nm of different quantities of microbe-solubilized coal. An acid precipitation step was necessary to remove medium and/or microbial metabolites from solubilized coal to prevent overestimation of the extent of coal biosolubilization. Furthermore, the absorption spectra for different coal products varied, necessitating construction of standard curves for individual coals.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 44 (1990), S. 260-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 46 (1991), S. 230-236 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Urate oxidase ; Drosophila pseudoobscura ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Nucleotide sequence ; Evolutionary comparison ; Gene regulation ; Malpighian tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The urate oxidase (UO) transcription unit of Drosophila pseudoobscura was cloned, sequenced, and compared to the UO transcription unit from Drosophila melanogaster. In both species the UO coding region is divided into two exons of approximately equal size. The deduced D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster UO peptides have 346 and 352 amino acid residues, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster UO protein-coding regions are 82.2% identical whereas the deduced amino acid sequences are 87.6% identical with 42 amino acid changes, 33 of which occur in the first exon. Although the UO gene is expressed exclusively within the cells of the Malpighian tubules in both of these species, the temporal patterns of UO gene activity during development are markedly different. UO enzyme activity, UO protein, and UO mRNA are found in the third instar larva and adult of D. melanogaster but only in the adult stage of D. pseudoobscura. The intronic sequences and the extragenic 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster UO genes are highly divergent with the exception of eight small islands of conserved sequence along 772 by 5′ of the UO protein-coding region. These islands of conserved sequence are possible UO cis-acting regulatory elements as they reside along the 5′ flanking DNA of the D. melanogaster UO gene that is capable of conferring a wild-type D. melanogaster pattern of UO regulation on a UO-lacZ fusion gene.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 15 (1991), S. 299-303 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une oesophagoplastie par patch antral a été effectuée chez un patient ayant une sténose caustique due à l'ingestion d'hydroxide de sodium. L'intervention a consisté en la confection d'un lambeau gastrique antral avec comme pédicule nourricier l'artère gastro-épiploïque gauche. Ce pédicule a ensuite été utilisé pour élargir la lumière oesophagienne, permettant de préserver la continuité oesophagienne et de conserver le sphincter inférieur de l'oesophage. Après cette opération, le patient était capable de manger normalement: les études radiologique, manométrique, et la pH métrie indiquaient que la fonction oesophagienne était satisfaisante. L'oesophagoplastie par patch antral évite les complications associées aux oesophagoplasties classiques ou à la résection. En raison des bons résultats à long terme de cette technique dans le traitement des sténoses peptiques par oesophagite, l'oesophagoplastie par patch antral mérite d'être envisagée dans la correction des sténoses caustiques sévères.
    Abstract: Resumen Se informa el caso de un paciente con una estrechez esofágica de 9 cm causada por ingestión de hidróxido de sodio, tratado mediante esofagoplastia y con parche antral. En este procedimiento se utilizó un parche de espesor total de antro gástrico, con base en la arteria gastro-epipoica izquierda, con el objeto de aumentar la luz del esófago, para así preservar la continuidad esofágica y permitir la utilización del esfínter esofágico inferior. El paciente pudo corner normalmente después de la operatión, y los estudios de monitoria radiológica, manométrica y de pH esofágico indicaron satisfactoria función del esófago. La esofagoplastia con parche gástrica antral evita las complicaciones asociadas con la derivatión (“bypass”) o la resectión esofágica. Estudios anteriores de los resultados a largo plazo con este procedimiento en pacientes con estrechez esofágico producida por reflujo han demostrado buenos resultados, y la técnica merece ser considerada en el tratamiento de estenosis corrosivas severa.
    Notes: Abstract A case is reported of a patient with a 9-cm stricture of the esophagus caused by ingestion of sodium hydroxide, who was treated by gastric antral patch esophagoplasty. In this procedure, a full-thickness pedicled patch of gastric antrum, based on the left gastroepiploic artery, was used to enlarge the esophageal lumen, thus allowing preservation of esophageal continuity and utilization of a functioning lower esophageal sphincter. The patient ate normally after the operation, and radiological, manometric, and esophageal pH monitoring studies indicated satisfactory esophageal function. Gastric antral patch esophagoplasty avoids the complications associated with esophageal bypass or resection. Previous long-term results of this procedure in patients with reflux-induced esophageal stricture have been good, and the technique merits consideration in the treatment of severe corrosive strictures.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 13 (1991), S. 287-309 
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: SeaMARC II ; side-scan ; bathymetry ; magnetics microplates ; rift propagation ; East Pacific Rise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Pito Rift area is the site of actively deforming oceanic lithosphere that has been primarily under extension for at least the past million years, based on kinematic reconstructions. The major morphologic features, Pito Deep and Pito Seamount, are aligned toward the Euler pole for relative motion between the Easter and Nazca plates. SeaMARC II side-scan and bathymetry data indicate that there are two general modes of faulting currently active in the Pito Rift area. One is associated with incipient rifting of old (∼3 Ma) Nazca lithosphere by large NW-SE normal faults, and the other is associated with a broad area of right-lateral transform shear between the Nazca and Easter plates. This transform shear is distributed over a broad region because of the northward growth of the East Rift and parallel tectonic rifting within the Pito Rift area. The majority of the Pito Rift area is composed of preexisting blocks of Nazca plate that are back-tilted away from Pito Deep and strike perpendicular to present and previous relative plate motions. This observation suggests that block-faulting and back-tilting are the primary mechanisms responsible for the distributed lithospheric extension, in agreement with gravity and magnetic analyses (Martinez et al., this issue). The only recent volcanic flows observed in side-scan data are from the Pito Seamount area and to the outside of the outer pseudofault of the East Rift. The significance of the young flows near the outer pseudofault is not understood. We interpret the flows extending northwest from the Pito Seamount as representing a newly formed seafloor spreading axis within the Pito Rift area. Gravity and magnetic analyses (Martinez et al., this issue) together with SeaMARC II bathymetry and side-scan data support this interpretation. Based on the tectonic evolution of the Easter microplate, we propose an evolutionary model for the formation of the Pito Rift area, where new ‘tectonic’ grabens form immediately west of the previous graben and with slightly more counterclockwise orientation. The duration and history of tectonic activity for each graben are not well constrained.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Magnetic inversion ; Bouguer anomalies ; block faulting ; modelling ; microplate ; rift propagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results from a SeaMARC II bathymetry, gravity, and magnetics survey of the northern end of the large-offset propagating East Rift of the Easter microplate. The East Rift is offset by more than 300 km from the East Pacific Rise and its northern end has rifted into approximately 3 Ma lithosphere of the Nazca Plate forming a broad (70–100 km) zone of high (up to 4 km) relief referred to as the Pito Rift. This region appears to have undergone distributed and asymmetric extension that has been primarily accommodated tectonically, by block faulting and tilting, and to a lesser degree by seafloor spreading on a more recently developed magmatic accretionary axis. The larger fault blocks have dimensions of 10–15 km and have up to several km of throw between adjacent blocks suggesting that isostatic adjustments occur on the scale of the individual blocks. Three-dimensional terrain corrected Bouguer anomalies, a three-dimensional magnetic inversion, and SeaMARC II backscatter data locate the recently developed magmatic axis in an asymmetric position in the western part of the rift. The zone of magmatic accretion is characterized by an axis of negative Bouguer gravity anomalies, a band of positive magnetizations, and a high amplitude magnetization zone locating its tip approximately 10 km south of the Pito Deep, the deepest point in the rift area. Positive Bouguer gravity anomalies and negative magnetizations characterize the faulted area to the east of the spreading axis supporting the interpretation that this area consists primarily of pre-existing Nazca plate that has been block faulted and stretched, and that no substantial new accretion has occurred there. The wide zone of deformation in the Pito Rift area and the changing trend of the fault blocks from nearly N-S in the east to NW-SE in the west may be a result of the rapidly changing kinematics of the Easter microplate and/or may result from ridge-transform like shear stresses developed at the termination of the East Rift against the Nazca plate. The broad zone of deformation developed at the Pito Rift and its apparent continuation some distance south along the East Rift has important implications for microplate mechanics and kinematic reconstructions since it suggests that initial microplate boundaries may consist in part of broad zones of deformation characterized by the formation of lithospheric scale fault blocks, and that what appear to be pseudofaults may actually be the outer boundaries of tectonized zones enclosing significant amounts of stretched pre-existing lithosphere.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 73.60F ; 78.65J ; 81.15E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Stoichiometric polycrystalline In2Se3 thin films have been grown by elemental evaporation on both glass and quartz substrates. The compositions are examined by DAN fluorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Structure of the films are characterized by X-ray diffraction. The structure of this α-form of thin films have been determined to be hexagonal. Optimization of the preparative conditions employed for elemental evaporation, helped in preparing monophasic films by the suppression of other phases to a very minor extent. Influence of annealing conditions on the stoichiometry of the films are investigated in detail.
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