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  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 8 p. = 198637 b, text
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    Series Statement: [Preprint / Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin 97-32]
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1058-1064 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the study of interfacial diffusion processes in polymer light-emitting diodes, the use of high-energy ion-scattering techniques can be of great value due to the possibility of quantitative elemental depth profiling. However, ion irradiation of polymers is known to cause various degradation effects, including the loss of hydrogen. Since the hydrogen loss determines the accuracy of depth profiling, it is an interesting subject for study in order to define experimental conditions in which the degradation is suppressed. The loss of hydrogen from porphyrins (organic solar cells) has been measured by means of elastic recoil detection analysis with 2, 4, and 7.6 MeV He+ beams. A theoretical model is proposed in which the hydrogen loss is described through the formation and recombination of free hydrogen radicals. A distinct difference is introduced between direct recombination processes and the diffusion of radicals out of the ion track. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 7 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The present study investigated factors that contribute to the formation of a previously reported knee joint flexor moment during the stance phase of walking. Contradictory results have been reported on this flexor moment, which some but not all individuals exhibit. Seven healthy male subjects were high speed filmed while walking across a force platform, and EMG recordings were obtained from five leg muscles. To investigate segment interactions, net joint moments about the ankle, knee and hip joint were calculated by inverse dynamics and each term in the equation used for the moment calculation was evaluated during the timeecourse of the step cycle. To test the hypothesis that net joint moments are balanced by an external moment formed by the resulting ground reaction vector multiplied by the perpendicular distance to the actual joint, external moment arms were calculated by the floor reaction force vector approach (FRFV). Contrasting two subjects with different net joint moments about the knee and ankle joint revealed that the knee joint flexor moment could not be explained by an opposite external moment. The external moments were calculated by a simplified method (FRFV) in which the point of force application is incorrect for joints above the ankle joint. However, at the ankle joint the net joint moment was always opposed by an external moment of opposite polarity. A detailed examination of the equation used for the net joint moment calculation showed that a knee joint flexor moment can be caused directly by a large plantar flexor moment about the ankle joint. For example, the soleus muscle can pull the tibia and generate an extensor moment about the knee joint, which in turn has to be opposed by a knee flexor moment from the hamstring muscles. Otherwise the desired joint angles cannot be obtained during human walking. It is therefore suggested that the kinematics regarding how the foot is placed on the ground may influence the net ankle joint moment, while the moment patterns about the knee and hip joint are determined by segment interaction and the requirements for controlling the direction of the resulting ground reaction vector. In vertical jumping it is advantageous to generate extensor moments about the knee and hip joint simultaneously, while in horizontal locomotion this would result in inefficient vertical movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Six male subjects, three professional ballet dancers and three elite volleyball players, performed maximal vertical jumps from 1) a static preparatory position (squat jump), 2) starting with a countermovement (counter-movement jump) and 3) a specific jump for ballet and for volleyball, respectively. The jumps were recorded on highspeed film (500 Hz) combined with registration of ground reaction forces, and net joint moments were calculated by inverse dynamics. The purpose was to investigate the choice of strategy in two standard jumps, squat jump and countermovement jump. The volleyball jump was performed with a sequential strategy and the ballet jump was performed with a simultaneous strategy. In the two standard jumps, the choice of strategy was individual and not related to training background. This was additionally confirmed in a test of seven ballet dancers and seven volleyball players.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 196-205 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To assess the epidemiological situation of salmonellosis in Germany a total of 1608 strains of salmonella sampled in a sentinel-study were isolated and typed. The results on occurrence, distribution, types and antbiotic resistance of salmonella were compared with both the strains forwarded to the National Reference Center (NRC) for Salmonellosis for typing from all regions of Germany and the strains notified according to the duty of notification in the five new Länder (federal countries) and Berlin. In all three studies about 40% of salmonellosis were observed between July and September. Approximately a quarter of salmonellosis fell into the age group 0 to 5 years, around half of salmonellosis occurred in the age groups 0 to 14 years. The incidence rates in the sentinel-study and of the notified salmonellosis were highly corresponding with rates of 160.8 and 165.4, respectively. S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium were the most important serovars. Among the S. enteritidis strains the rates of resistance to the antimicrobial agents used were just 0–2.6%. Also the rate of multiresistant strains of S. enteritidis was very low, 1.3% and 2.8%, respectively. By contrast among the S. typhimurium strains high rates of resistance to ampicillin (A), chloramphenicol (C), streptomycin (S), sulfonamide (Su), tetracycline (T) were found. The drug resistance of S. typhimurium DT 104 had a special significance (R-type ACSSuT). About 90% of the strains tested showed this pattern of drug resistance. Among the other salmonella only the resistance to tetracycline (20%) and to sulfonamide (80%) played a role. The fact is important that up to now among all salmonella resistance to ciprofloxacin (0.2%) and cefotaxim (0.1%) was observed rarely. The dominant epidemic strain S. enteritidis PT 4 was not declining and it was not replaced by the emerging epidemic strains S. typhimurium DT 194 so far.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Einschätzung der Salmonellose in Deutschland 1997 wurden im Rahmen der Sentinel-Studie 1608 Salmonella-Stämme isoliert und typisiert. Die erzielten Ergebnisse über Vorkommen, Verbreitung, Typenspektrum und Antibiotikaresistenz der Salmonellen wurden mit den dem Nationalen Referenzzentrum aus allen Regionen Deutschlands vorliegenden humanen Salmonella-Isolaten sowie stellvertretend für das gesamte Bundesgebiet mit den 29 326 nach BSeuchG aus den neuen Bundesländern und Berlin gemeldeten Salmonellen verglichen. In allen drei Studien wurden zwischen Juli und September etwa 40% der Salmonellosen beobachtet. Entsprechend lagen in diesem Zeitraum die monatlichen Inzidenzraten zwischen etwa 20 und 30%. Etwa ein Viertel der Salmonellosen entfiel auf das Säuglings-, Kleinkind- und Vorschulalter, die knappe Hälfte auf die Altersklasse bis 14 Jahre. S. enteritidis und S. typhimurium waren die mit Abstand wichtigsten Serovare. Bei S. enteritidis war das Resistenzniveau gegen fast alle getesteten Antibiotika mit Resistenzanteilen zwischen 0 bis 2,6% sehr niedrig. Multiresistente S. enteritidis-Stämme waren mit Anteilen von 1,3% bzw. 2,8% zu vernachlässigen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte S. typhimurium eine beachtliche Resistenz gegen Ampicillin (A), Chloramphenicol (C), Streptomycin (S), Sulfonamide (Su), Tetracycline (T), besondere Bedeutung hat dabei vor allem die Antibiotikaresistenz von S. typhimurium DT 104. Wichtig ist, daß bisher bei Salmonellen nur vereinzelt Resistenzen gegen Ciprofloxacin (0,2%) und Cefotaxim (0,1%) beobachtet wurden. Prognostische Einschätzungen der vergangenen Jahre, daß der führende Epidemiestamm S. enteritidis PT 4 rückläufig ist und durch einen neuen aufkommenden Epidemiestamm S. typhimurium DT 104 ersetzt wird, haben sich 1997 nicht erfüllt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graphs and combinatorics 12 (1996), S. 345-360 
    ISSN: 1435-5914
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We give conditions on the minimum numberk of colors, sufficient for the existence of given types of properly edge-colored subgraphs in ak-edge-colored complete graph. The types of subgraphs we study include families of internally pairwise vertex-disjoint paths with common endpoints, hamiltonian paths and hamiltonian cycles, cycles with a given lower bound of their length, spanning trees, stars, and cliques. Throughout the paper, related conjectures are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Plötzlicher Kindstod (SID) ; Elterliche Reaktion nach SID ; Tötung ; Key words Sudden infant death (SID) ; Reaction by parents after SID ; Violence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Grief and depressive syndrome belong to normal reaction by parents after a sudden infant death (SID). In the following we report on two cases from the point of view of psychiatry and forensic medicine in which, subsequent to SID, mothers reacted with extremly grave depression and occused themselves of having killed the child. Furthermore, some recommendiations are given for the care of parents affected.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Trauer und depressive Syndrome gehören zu den normalen Reaktionen von Eltern nach einem Plötzlichen Kindestod („sudden infant death”, SID). Wir berichten im folgenden aus psychiatrischer und rechtsmedizinischer Sicht über 2 Fälle, in denen die Mütter nach SID mit außergewöhnlich schweren Depressionen reagierten und sich selbst vorwarfen, sie hätten ihr Kind getötet. Abschließend werden einige Empfehlungen für die Betreuung betroffener Eltern mitgeteilt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Keratinocytes ; Fibrin glue ; Cell delivery system ; Wound healing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To circumvent well-known drawbacks inherent in cultured epidermal sheet grafts, a new keratinocyte delivery system was experimently investigated. Human subconfluent keratinocytes were labeled with fluorescence cell linker and cultured in two brands of fibrin glue (TissucolR and BeriplastR) in vitro for 5 days. Keratinocyte fibrin glue suspensions were grafted onto full thickness wounds in athymic nude mice for macroscopic and microscopic investigation. Keratinocytes survived in both fibrin glues in vitro for at least 5 days. When grafted onto wounds, cells maintained a high proliferation potential and at 5 days formed small masses or well-organised cell clusters within the fibrin network. After 7 days new epithelia enlarged and became thicker with high keratinization and occasional downward projections. At 10 days, wounds in both fibrin groups were totally epitheliazied but only partially in the control group. Anti-involucrin and anti-laminin immunostainings indicated well-differentiated new epithelium derived from human keratinocytes and early reorganised basement membrane. The fibrin glues seem not only to deliver highly proliferative keratinocytes easily and effectively, but also provide an optimal milieu for their migration, proliferation and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Membrane cell grafts (MCG) ; Cryopreservation ; Transplantation ; Wound healing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Biobrane, an adherent, flexible temporary wound dressing was incubated with cultured human keratinocytes. The cells adhered quickly, forming ”membrane-cell-grafts” (MCG). Some of the grafts were frozen and, after thawing, viability was verified with an XTT colorimetric assay. MCGs, fresh and cryopreserved, were transplanted on full thickness wounds created on athymic nude mice and resulted in a differentiated epithelium of human phenotype. For further investigation immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopy were performed. Conventional cultured epidermal grafts (CEG) and wounds without cell grafts served as control. Compared with CEG-grafted sites a reduced wound contraction was noticed and complete remodelling of the basement membrane zone was found. The effectiveness of the easy, uncomplicated production, cryopreservation and use, as well as the short culture period could lead to a new approach in the treatment of burns and chronic wounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 339 (1997), S. 708-713 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of the chemical structure of rigid star-shaped multipodes composed of an adamantane central core and short rigid branches on the glass formation and crystallisation is analysed. It was found that esters of 1,3,5,7-adamantanetetracarboxylic acid with various phenols (3a-c) and esters of 1,3,5,7-tetrahydroxyadamantane with various benzoic acid derivatives (4a-c) display both crystalline and glassy states with high glass transition temperatures and melting temperatures. These quantities strongly depend on the restriction of the rotational motions about the ester groups connecting the core and the branches.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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