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  • 1995-1999  (25)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physics of Dry Granular Media. (1998)
    Dordrecht :Springer Netherlands,
    Details
    Keywords: Compacting. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Cargèse, France, September 15-26, 1997.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (742 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789401726535
    Series Statement: NATO Science Series E: Series ; v.350
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6506345
    DDC: 620.43
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Laboruntersuchungen von Oxidationsreaktionen durch Radikalanionen und Datenaufbereitung für Modellrechnungen zur Chemie der wäßrigen Phase der Troposphäre : Abschlußbericht zum Vorhaben ; [Abschlußdatum des Vorhabens: Juli 1996] (1997)
    Essen : Univ., Inst. für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: Radikalanionen, Troposphäre, flüssige Phase, Kinetik, Reaktionssysteme
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 93 p. = 443 kB, text and images
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/236089358.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/236089358l.pdf
    Language: German
    Note: Contract No.: BMFT/BMBF 07 EU 780 A , nIndex , Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible
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  • 3
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    Laboratory studies of atmospheric aqueous phase free radical chemistry: Kinetic and spectroscopic laboratory studies of reactions of NO3 and SO4- radicals with aromatic compounds (1995)
    In:  EPIC3Faraday discussions, 100, pp. 129-153
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Recent results from kinetic and spectroscopic laboratory studies of reactions of free radicals such as NO3 and SO4- with aromaticcompounds in aqueous solution at T = 298 K are presented. Three different experimental approaches, (i) laser photolysis-visible long-pathlaser absorption, (ii) laser photolysis-UV long-path laser absorption and (iii) time-resolved broadband diode-array spectroscopy, havebeen used to investigate the kinetics of reactions of NO3 and SO4- with aromatics, as well as the formation of oxidation intermediates.For the reactions of NO3 with benzene (1), anisole (2), p-xylene (3), p-cresol (4), toluene (5), mesitylene (6) and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene(7), rate coefficients of k(1) = (4.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(8) 1 mol(-1) s(-1), k(2) = (1.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1), k(3) (1.6 +/- 0.1) x10(9) 1 mol s(-1), k(2) = (1.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(9) mol(-1) 1 s(-1), k(3) = (1.6 +/- 0.1) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1), k(4) = (8.4 +/- 2.3) x 10(8)1 mol s(-1) k(5) = (1.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1), k(6) = (1.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1) and k(7) = (1.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(9) 1mol(-1) s(-1) were obtained. For the corresponding reactions of SO4- with benzene (8), toluene (9), p-xylene (10), p-cresol (11) andmesitylene (12), rate coefficients of k(8) = (6.4 +/- 2.5) x 10(8) 1 mol(-1) s(-1), k(9) = (1.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1), k(10) =(2.7 +/- 0.9) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1)k(11) = (2.8 +/- 0.8) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1) and k(12) = (1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(9) 1 mol(-1) s(-1) weredetermined. Reactivity correlations for both radical species with the aromatic compounds are presented and potential applications of suchcorrelations are discussed. In addition, the effect of ionic strength in the reactions of NO3 with benzene and toluene has been investigated.Transient intermediates have been spectroscopically identified in the reactions of the sulfate radical anion in aerated as well as inoxygen-free solutions. The nature of these intermediates is discussed in view of the existing literature. Finally, possible impacts offree-radical reactions with aromatic compounds on the current understanding of chemical conversion processes within troposphericmultiphase systems are considered.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Formation and reactions of oxidants in the aqueous phase (1996)
    In:  EPIC3in P. Warneck (Hrsg.), Heterogeneous and liquid phase processes, pp. 146-152
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 5
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    A laser flash photolysis study of the decay of Cl-atoms and Cl-2(-) radical anions in aqueous solution at 298 K (1997)
    In:  EPIC3Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft - Physical chemistry chemical physics, 101, pp. 1909-1913
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The rate coefficient for the reaction of Cl atoms with (1) H2O and of Cl-2(-) radical anions with (2) H2O and (3) OH- have beendetermined using laser photolysis for the generation of Cl/Cl-2(-) and long path laser absorption for the time resolved detection of Cl-2(-).The following results were obtained: k(1) = (2.3 +/- 0.6).10(5) s(-1), k(2)〈610 s(-1) and k(3) = (4.0+/-0.6).10(6) M-1 s(-1). It isconcluded that the lifetime of Cl/Cl-2(-) in aqueous solution strongly depends on the Cl- content and on pH.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
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    A laser flash photolysis study of reactions of the Cl2- radical anion with oxygenated hydrocarbons in aqueous solution (1999)
    In:  EPIC3International journal of chemical kinetics, 31, pp. 169-181
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: A laser photolysis-long path laser absorption (LP-LPLA) experiment has been used to determine the rate constants for H-atom abstraction reactions of thedichloride radical anion (Cl2-) in aqueous solution. From direct measurements of the decay of Cl2- in the presence of different reactants at pH = 4 and I = 0.1 M thefollowing rate constants at T = 298 K were derived: methanol, (5.1 ± 0.3)·104 M-1 s-1; ethanol, (1.2 ± 0.2)·105 M-1 s-1; 1-propanol, (1.01 ± 0.07)·105 M-1 s-1;2-propanol, (1.9 ± 0.3)·105 M-1 s-1; tert.-butanol, (2.6 ± 0.5)·104 M-1 s-1; formaldehyde, (3.6 ± 0.5)·104 M-1 s-1; diethylether, (4.0 ± 0.2)·105 M-1 s-1;methyl-tert.-butylether, (7 ± 1)·104 M-1 s-1; tetrahydrofuran, (4.8 ± 0.6)·105 M-1 s-1; acetone, (1.41 ± 0.09)·103 M-1 s-1. For the reactions of Cl2- with formic acidand acetic acid rate constants of (8.0 ± 1.4)·104 M-1 s-1 (pH = 0, I = 1.1 M and T = 298 K) and (1.5 ± 0.8) · 103 M-1 s-1 (pH = 0.42, I = 0.48 M and T = 298K), respectively, were derived.A correlation between the rate constants at T = 298 K for all oxygenated hydrocarbons and the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the weakest C-H-bond of logk2nd = (32.9 ± 8.9) - (0.073 ± 0.022)·BDE/kJ mol-1 is derived.From temperature-dependent measurements the following Arrhenius expressions were derived:k (Cl2- + HCOOH) = (2.00 ± 0.05)·1010·exp(-(4500 ± 200) K/T) M-1 s-1,Ea = (37 ± 2) kJ mol-1k (Cl2- + CH3COOH) = (2.7 ± 0.5)·1010·exp(-(4900 ± 1300) K/T) M-1 s-1,Ea = (41 ± 11) kJ mol-1k (Cl2- + CH3OH) = (5.1 ± 0.9)·1012·exp(-(5500 ± 1500) K/T) M-1 s-1,Ea = (46 ± 13) kJ mol-1k (Cl2- + CH2(OH)2) = (7.9 ± 0.7)·1010·exp(-(4400 ± 700) K/T) M-1 s-1,Ea = (36 ± 5) kJ mol-1Finally, in measurements at different ionic strengths (I) a decrease of the rate constant with increasing I has been observed in the reactions of Cl2- with methanol andhydrated formaldehyde.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Laser-spectroscopic laboratory studies of atmospheric aqueous phase free radical chemistry (1996)
    In:  EPIC3Fresenius journal of analytical chemistry, 355, pp. 343-344
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Nitrate radical (NO3) reactions with benzene (R-1), toluene (R-2), p-xylene (R-3), p-cresol (R-4) and mesitylene (R-5) have beenstudied by laser photolysis/long path laser absorption (LP-LPLA) in aqueous solution. Rate constants of k(1) = (4.0 +/- 0.6) . 10(8), k(2)= (1.2 +/- 0.3) . 10(9), k(3) = (1.6 +/- 0.1) . 10(9), k(4) = (8.4 +/- 2.3) . 10(8) and k(5) = (1.3 +/- 0.3) . 10(9) lmol(-1) s(-1) wereobtained at T = 298 K. In addition, reaction rate coefficients for SO5 + Fe2+ --〉 prod. (R-6) and SO5- + Mn2+ --〉 prod. (R-7) of k(6)= (4.3 +/- 2.4) . 10(7) lmol(-1) s(-1) and k(7) = (4.6 +/- 1.0) . 10(6) lmol(-1) s(-1) (T = 298 K, I --〉 0) have been obtained by theapplication of laser photolysis/UV-VIS broadband diode array spectroscopy. A new laser photolysis/UV-long path laser absorptionexperiment has been applied to study the reaction of the Cl-2(-) radical anion with dissolved sulfur(IV). For the reactions Cl-2(-) +HSO3- --〉 2Cl(-) + H+ + SO3- (R-8) and Cl-2(-) + SO32- --〉 2Cl(-) + SO3- (R-9) rate coefficients of k(8) = (1.7 +/- 0.2) . 10(8)lmol(-1) s(-1) (T = 298 K, I --〉 0) and of k(9) = (6.2 +/- 0.3) . 10(7) lmol(-1) s(-1) (T = 279 K, I --〉 0) were obtained.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Modelling of radiation quantities and photolysis frequencies in the aqueous phase in the troposphere (1997)
    In:  EPIC3Atmospheric Environment, 31, pp. 3137-3150
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: In order to provide information about photolysis frequencies in the aqueous phase for chemical transport models including wet chemistry aparameterization which can be added to gaseous-phase photolysis models was developed. The actinic fluxes inside cloud droplet's arecalculated on the basis of rigorous Mie theory taking into account the effect of dissolved particulate aerosol material and 10 representativecloud droplet size distributions. The results show that the actinic flux inside cloud droplets are on the average more than twice as large ascompared to the interstitial air. The newly developed parameterization has been applied together with the model STAR (System forTransfer of Atmospheric Radiation). Apart from the parameters influencing gas-phase photolysis frequencies the radiation quantities insidethe cloud droplets and therefore the photolysis frequencies in the aqueous phase depend on the droplet size distribution, the mixing ratio ofdry aerosol particulate material to cloud droplet water, and the amount of light absorbing material in the droplets. In-droplet radical sourcestrengths have been calculated for the most important photolytic sources of OH and SO4-.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decontamination of chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2284-2289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) [A. Schütze et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26, 1685 (1998)] is a nonthermal, high pressure, uniform glow plasma discharge that produces a high velocity effluent stream of highly reactive chemical species. The discharge operates on a feedstock gas (e.g., He/O2/H2O), which flows between an outer, grounded, cylindrical electrode and an inner, coaxial electrode powered at 13.56 MHz rf. While passing through the plasma, the feedgas becomes excited, dissociated or ionized by electron impact. Once the gas exits the discharge volume, ions and electrons are rapidly lost by recombination, but the fast-flowing effluent still contains neutral metastable species (e.g., O2*, He*) and radicals (e.g., O, OH). This reactive effluent has been shown to be an effective neutralizer of surrogates for anthrax spores and mustard blister agent. Unlike conventional wet decontamination methods, the plasma effluent does not cause corrosion and it does not destroy wiring, electronics, or most plastics, making it highly suitable for decontamination of sensitive equipment and interior spaces. Furthermore, the reactive species in the effluent rapidly degrade into harmless products leaving no lingering residue or harmful by-products. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873480
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha particle losses from Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor deuterium–tritium plasmas (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1875-1880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Because alpha particle losses can have a significant influence on tokamak reactor viability, the loss of deuterium–tritium alpha particles from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [K. M. McGuire et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)] has been measured under a wide range of conditions. In TFTR, first orbit loss and stochastic toroidal field ripple diffusion are always present. Other losses can arise due to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or due to waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. No alpha particle losses have yet been seen due to collective instabilities driven by alphas. Ion Bernstein waves can drive large losses of fast ions from TFTR, and details of those losses support one element of the alpha energy channeling scenario. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871983
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