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  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRYPTOPHAN TRANSPORT ACROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER DURING ACUTE HEPATIC FAILURE (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 33 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Tryptophan transport across the blood-brain barrier was studied using a single injection dual isotope label technique, in the following three conditions: normal rats, rats with portacaval shunts, and rats with portacaval shunts followed 65 h later by hepatic artery ligation. In both normal rats and those with acute hepatic failure the tryptophan transport system was found to be comprised of two kinetically distinct components. One component was saturable and obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (normal: Vmax= 19.5 nmol.min−1.g−1. Km= 113 μM; hepatic failure: Vmax, = 33.8 nmol.min−1.g−1, Km= 108 μM), and the second was a high capacity system which transported tryptophan in direct proportion to concentration over the range tested (normal: K= 0.026 ml.min−1.g−1; hepatic failure: K= 0.067 ml.min−1.g−1). Since the saturable low capacity component transports several neutral amino acids, and their collective plasma concentration is high in relation to the individual Kms, tryptophan transport by this component is reduced by competitive inhibition under physiological conditions. Thus it was calculated that in normal rats approx 40% of tryptophan influx occurs via the high capacity system. During acute hepatic failure transport via both components was increased substantially, approximately doubling the rate of tryptophan penetration of the blood-brain barrier at all concentrations tested. The contribution by the high capacity component became even more significant than in normal rats, accounting for about 75% of all tryptophan passage from plasma to brain. Brain tryptophan content was 29.9 nmol/g in normal rats and rose to 45.2 nmol/g in rats with portacaval shunts and 50.5 nmol/g in those with acute hepatic failure, correlating with the increased rate of tryptophan transport. In a previous study we found that plasma competing amino acids were greatly increased during acute hepatic failure. Calculations predict that these increased concentrations would cause a reduction in tryptophan transport by the low capacity system. However, because of the increase in the rate of transport by the high capacity component, net tryptophan entry across the blood-brain barrier was actually increased. This increased rate of transport clearly contributes to the increased content of brain tryptophan found during hepatic failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb05170.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of Orally Induced T-Cell Tolerance by Subcutaneous Administration of Interleukin-12 at the Site of Attempted Sensitization (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 795 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52706.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Availability of aluminium from tea and coffee (1997)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 205 (1997), S. 170-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Aluminium ; Tea ; Coffee ; Aluminium intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The amount of aluminium in different kinds of tea and ground coffee was analysed, the transfer of aluminium into the infusion was determined and aluminium intake via tea and coffee was calculated within the framework of our investigations. Aluminium concentrations amounted to (in μg/g dry matter): black tea, 899; flavoured black tea, 763; peppermint tea, 477; mountain herbal tea, 419; fruit tea, 292; ground coffee, 19. About 30% of the aluminium stored in black tea’s dry matter was transferred into the infusion, which contained 4.2 mg Al/l. In contrast, the availability of aluminium from peppermint and fruit tea as well as from ground coffee was very low (about 5%). The calculated aluminium intake via tea and coffee was 0.2 to 0.3 mg/day and contributed about 5% to the total aluminium intake. Only black tea infusions are a significant source of aluminium intake via beverages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050147
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information about drugs in family magazines (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 17 (1995), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Drugs ; Journalism ; Mass media ; Patient education ; Periodicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Family magazines can play an important role in the diffusion of medical information and information regarding drugs to a ‘lay audience’. We describe what kind of drugs are discussed in the family magazines and which information regarding these drugs is given. Furthermore, we look into the information sources for journalists; special attention is paid to the role of the pharmacist: is (s)he recognized by journalists as one of the experts on drugs? Two approaches were used in order to answer the above described research questions: a content analysis of family magazines and indepth interviews of journalists. Gynaecological products as well as drugs for the central nervous system receive much attention in family magazines. The kind of information given about drugs is limited. Only part of the publications pays attention to side-effects. Patients asking questions about drugs in response to publications in family magazines know the name of a drug but are rarely informed about other aspects of the therapy, such as side-effects. In the provision of information physicians and medical specialists play an important role as sources of information for journalists. There is, however, until now no role for the pharmacist as a source of information on drugs in family magazines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875054
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and pharmacologic targeting of angiogenesis factors — the example of pleiotrophin (1995)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 36 (1995), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: growth factors ; angiogenesis ; pleiotrophin ; antisense ; ribozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polypeptide growth factors contribute to the development and maintenance of normal tissues and are essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. During tumor progression these factors function as autocrine stimulators of tumor cells and/or serve to recruit stromal tissue and blood supply to the expanding tumor. In particular, tumor-induced angiogenesis appears to be significant not only for local tumor growth but also for metastasis to distant organ sites. We purified several years ago the heparinbinding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) from the supernatants of human breast cancer cells and demonstrated that PTN can serve as an angiogenesis factor. We found the gene expressed in a number of human tumor cell lines as well as in human tumor tissues. Here we present different approaches to inhibit production and function of this growth factor. Finally we discuss how the experience from this growth factor can be applied to improve our understanding of the role of other factors thought to contribute to tumor angiogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666037
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubidium in the food chain (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 352 (1995), S. 236-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In spite of its abundant occurrence in the earth's crust (310 mg Rb/kg) and its composition of a stable (72.2%) and a radioactive (27.8%) isotope, rubidium (Rb) belongs to the forgotten ultratrace elements. The interest in this ultratrace element grew considerably after Rb deficiency experiments with goats had shown that their growth was depressed, that 〉80% of them aborted their kids. The geological origin of the site takes significant effect on the Rb content of the flora. Granite and gneiss weathering soils produce the by far Rb-richest plant populations, and drinking water. The water of the gneiss sites contained 18 μg Rb/l, that of diluvial sands 3 μg/l. Herbivores store most Rb whereas carnivores and omnivores accumulate significantly less Rb. The analysis of 137 foodstuffs and beverages in 15-fold repetition showed that the starch-and sugar-rich cereals, pasta, bread and confectionary are poor in Rb (1 mg/kg dry mater (DM)). Fruit and vegetables accumulate between 5 and 〉60 mg Rb/kg (asparagus). Boiling drastically reduces the Rb content of vegetables. Animal foodstuffs are relatively poor in Rb. Poultry meat as well as freshwater fish are relatively rich in Rb. Coffee (40 mg/kg DM) and black tea (100 mg Rb/kg DM) store much Rb, 85% of which pass into the beverage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322334
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The iodine supply of humans depending on site, food offer and water supply (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 352 (1995), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In Central Europe, the iodine content of weathered soils of new red sandstone, Muschelkalk, keuper and lower strata of new red sandstone, which developed from marine sediment is low. Boulder clays and diluvial sands also exhibit low iodine concentrations. In the same areas, the iodine concentration of drinking water decreases from 9 to 1 μg/l with increasing distance from the oceans. Cereals and foodstuffs produced from them are extremely iodine-poor. The iodine content of plants increases with the proportion of leaves. Soil contamination raises the iodine content of foodstuffs and improves the iodine supply of animals. The iodination of mineral mixtures increased the iodine content of cow's milk from 17 to 81 μg/l. The iodination of packed cooking salt and of the mineral mixtures for cattle and pigs resulted in a mean increase of the iodine intake of adults from about 30 μg/day to 48 and 59, respectively. Although iodine intake remained considerably below the calculated requirement for adults (100 to 150 μg/day), it led to the disappearance of Struma konnata and reduced the frequency of struma in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biological importance of nickel in the food chain (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 352 (1995), S. 92-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ultra trace element nickel (Ni) is both essential and toxic for animals and humans. A Ni-poor nutrition of 〈0.1 mg/kg dry matter led to Ni deficiency symptoms. Ni is a component of the urease and it is also essential for several species of bacteria which occur in the rumen of ruminants. Ni deficiency symptoms, however, have not yet been found in animals and humans since the Ni offer exceeds the Ni requirement. On the other hand, an external Ni exposure to nickel alloys induces Ni dermatitis in 8 to 14% of nickel-sensitive women and in 〉1% of men after the filling of the Ni depot in the body. Experiments with 4 animal species showed that Ni exposure leads to disturbances in the Mg and above all in the Zn metabolism. Ni excess induces Zn deficiency symptoms which are similar to parakeratosis in pigs. They correspond to the symptoms of nickel allergy in humans. Therefore, the Ni intake of humans, which leads to the gradual filling of the Ni pool in the body and which can then induce nickel dermatitis in Ni-sensitive women and men, is of particular importance. The Ni requirement of adults does not exceed 25 to 35 μg/day. The Ni balance of men and women was positive (+20%) and shows the Ni incorporation even in the case of a Ni consumption which exceeds by far the requirement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322304
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