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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Der Einfluss der Wärmebilanz auf die Struktur der saisonalen Grenzschicht : = The role of the heat budget in the seasonal boundary layer (1987)
    Kiel : Inst. f. Meereskunde, Abt. Regionale Ozeanographie
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Buch Book ; Bericht Hochschulschrift ; Serienstueck ; Einteiler ; Dissertation ; Report ; Hochschulschrift ; Bericht
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: X, 161, 8 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel 171
    Language: German , English , English
    Note: X [ 10 ] zehn, 161 einhunderteinundsechzig, 8 acht Seiten : graphische grafische Darsteellung Darstellungen , Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss. : 1987 , Literaturverz. S. 152 - 161 , Mit engl. Zsfassung.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Der Einfluß der Wärmebildung auf die Struktur der saisonalen Grenzschicht (1986)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (169 Seiten = 7 MB) , Graphen, Karten
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/22123/
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    The response of the upper ocean to solar heating. I: The mixed layer (1986)
    Royal Meteorological Society
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 112 (471). pp. 1-27.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: The results of two earlier papers on convection in the mixed layer and on the solar heating profile are here introduced into a one-dimensional model in order to investigate the following consequences of the daily cycle of solar heating in the upper ocean: 1. the daytime convection depth becomes less than the turbocline depth; 2. the convective power supply to turbulence in the mixed layer is reduced; 3. the mixed layer below the convection layer becomes stably stratified; 4. the depth of the turbocline is reduced, leaving a diurnal thermocline between it and the top of the seasonal thermocline; 5. the heat content and potential energy of the diurnal and seasonal thermoclines are increased, slowing down the subsequent nocturnal descent of the turbocline. These diurnal changes are illustrated by integrating a one-dimensional model forced by the astronomical cycle of solar heating and seasonal variation of surface meteorology derived from Bunker's climatology. The model is integrated for 18 months to show the seasonal modulation of the diurnal cycle. Nocturnal convection plays a dominant role. The convection depth closely follows the thermal compensation depth during the day when they are less than the turbocline depth. Integrating the model with a 24-hour time step leads to large errors in the seasonal variation of mixed layer temperature and depth, and in the source term of isopycnic potential vorticity. The errors are reduced by using two time steps per day, one for the daytime when convection is quenched, the other for the night when it is active. A novel parametrization based on tuning the daily equivalent solar elevation to surface temperature further reduces the error. This parametrization is used to investigate the sensitivity of the seasonal cycles of mixed layer depth and temperature to: (1) seasonality in the surface fluxes; (2) systematic changes in the net annual solar heating; (3) random changes in the seasonal cycles of solar heating induced (i) monthly and (ii) daily. The sensitivity to uncertainty in seawater turbidity is investigated in the same way. The profile of isopycnic potential vorticity subducted into the thermocline depends on the vernal correlation of mixed layer depth and density, so gyre circulation is sensitive to solar heating in spring.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.49711247102
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Mixed layer and Ekman current response to solar heating (1985)
    Reidel
    In:  In: The oceanic surface: wave Breaking, Turbulent Mixing and radio Probing. , ed. by Toba, Y. and Mitsuvasu, H. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 487-507.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-18
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    On using a Lagrangian model to calibrate primary production determined from in vitro incubation measurements (1996)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 18 (5). pp. 767-788.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: This paper discusses an observing system simulation experiment which reveals the difference in primary production of (i) phytoplankton moving freely in the turbulent mixed layer of the upper ocean and (ii) a sample of the same population held in a bottle at fixed depths. The results indicate the tendency of incubation measurements to overestimate phytoplankton production rates by up to 40%. Differences in primary production depend to a first approximation on the vertical extent of mixing and on water turbidity. A simple model was constructed leading to a non-linear calibration function which relates the difference in primary production to surface irradiance, mixing depth and to the depth of the euphotic zone. This function has been applied to calibrate the production rates simulated at fixed depths, and the corrected values were verified by comparisons with productivities in the turbulent environment. The calibration function was found to be capable of reducing the differences significantly.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/plankt/18.5.767
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Modelling oligotrophic zooplankton production: seasonal oligotrophy off the Azores (1995)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 52 (3-4). pp. 723-734.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-02
    Description: One of the critical issues in large-scale physical/biological coupled models is the survival of zooplankton in a water column circulating an anticyclonic gyre. Survival is most at risk in regions where the phytoplankton food supply is low due to environmental stress by light-limitation (deep mixing in winter) or nutrient limitation (oligotrophy). To investigate this problem we simulated the ecosystem in a 1 m2 cross-section water column, using the Lagrangian Ensemble method in which plankton are treated as particles following independent trajectories through the changing environment. In this first part of a two-part article we report the results of simulating the ecosystem in a water column located off the Azores, where winter mixing reaches 200 m and there is seasonal, but not permanent oligotrophy. The model features diatoms and herbivorous copepods subject to carnivorous predation, with remineralization of carbon and nitrogen by bacteria attached to detritus and faecal pellets. The copepods become extinct after failing to reproduce in years of low food supply. We show that the risk of extinction can be reduced by allowing cannibalism or by reducing carnivorous predation; we discuss other possibilities: enhancing the food supply by adding new guilds of phytoplankton, and relaxing oligotrophy by allowing other sources of nitrogen injection into the euphotic zone.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/1054-3139(95)80085-9
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    A Lagrangian mixed layer model of Atlantic 18 C water formation (1986)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 319 . pp. 574-576.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: One of the most striking features of the upper North Atlantic Ocean is an extensive layer of water with temperature close to 18°C and salinity close to 36.5‰, (ref. 1). This 18°C water is formed by winter convection in the Sargasso sea2,3, but aspects of the annual rate of 18°C water formation remain obscure4. We have simulated this water mass formation by integrating a one-dimensional model along a 4-yr trajectory of a water column circulating around the Sargasso Sea. Winter convection is deep (≥200 m) in regions where the ocean suffers a net annual heat loss to the atmosphere, and shallow (≤lOOm) where the ocean gains heat each year. The origin of the thermostad (nearly isothermal layer) is a thick layer of nearly homogeneous water subducted beneath the seasonal boundary layer in the year that the water column passes through the line dividing annual cooling from annual heating. We estimate the annual production of 18°C water to be 446,000 km3 yr−1. Downstream, more stratified central water is formed each year at a rate that depends more on Ekman pumping (wind-forced convergence) than on the decreasing depth of winter convection
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/319574a0
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Der Einfluß der Wärmebildung auf die Struktur der saisonalen Grenzschicht (1987)
    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 161 pp . Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 171 . DOI 10.3289/ifm_ber_171 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/ifm_ber_171〉.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-16
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/ifm_ber_171
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    OceanRep: Thesis - not published by a publisher
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