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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupancy of a teaching hospital adult intensive care unit by high dependency patients (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We assessed the hourly occupancy of our intensive care unit by high dependency patients over an 8-week period using the criteria established by the Working Group on Guidelines on Admission to and Discharge from Intensive Care and High Dependency Units published by the National Health Service Executive. High dependency patients accounted for 1914 bed hours (21.6%) out of a potential available total of 8880 hours. Measurement of Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System points and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores confirmed that categorising patients according to the new guidelines produced significantly different populations of patients. Mean (standard deviation) Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System points for intensive care status patients were 38.57 (10.40) compared to 21.66 (5.98) points for high dependency status patients (p 〈 0.001). Median (range) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score for intensive care status patients was 16 (1–45) compared to 11 (1–27) for high dependency status patients (p 〈 0.0001). Calculating bed occupancy with different definitions for the whole of our intensive care unit population during the 8 weeks revealed a range of occupancies between 85.3% and 107.3%. We recommend that intensive care unit bed occupancy should be calculated in a standard manner nationally to allow comparison between units. We suggest that hourly occupancy be adopted as the universal method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00404.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of tomato fruit growth by epidermal cell wall enzymes (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Water relations of tomato fruit and the epidermal and pericarp activities of the putative cell wall loosening and tightening enzymes Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) and peroxidase were investigated, to determine whether tomato fruit growth is principally regulated in the epidermis or pericarp. Analysis of the fruit water relations and observation of the pattern of expansion of tomato fruit slices in vitro, has shown that the pericarp exerts tissue pressure on the epidermis in tomato fruit, suggesting that the rate of growth of tomato fruit is determined by the physical properties of the epidermal cell walls. The epidermal activities of XET and peroxidase were assayed throughout fruit development. Temporal changes in these enzyme activities were found to correspond well with putative cell wall loosening and stiffening during fruit development. XET activity was found to be proportional to the relative expansion rate of the fruit until growth ceased, and a peroxidase activity weakly bound to the epidermal cell wall appeared shortly before cessation of fruit expansion. No equivalent peroxidase activity was detected in pericarp tissue of any age. It is therefore plausible that the expansion of tomato fruit is regulated by the combined action of these enzyme activities in the fruit epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00308.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pleiotropic effects of cAMP on germination, antibiotic biosynthesis and morphological development in Streptomyces coelicolor (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Molecular microbiology 30 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In wild-type Streptomyces coelicolor MT1110 cultures, cyclic adenosine 3′,5′ monophosphate (cAMP) was synthesized throughout the developmental programme with peaks of accumulation both during germination and later when aerial mycelium and actinorhodin were being produced. Construction and characterization of an adenylate cyclase disruption mutant (BZ1) demonstrated that cAMP facilitated these developmental processes. Although pulse-labelling experiments showed that a similar germination process was initiated in BZ1 and MT1110, germ-tube emergence was severely delayed in BZ1 and never occurred in more than 85% of the spores. Studies of growth and development on solid glucose minimal medium (SMMS, buffered or unbuffered) showed that MT1110 and BZ1 produced acid during the first rapid growth phase, which generated substrate mycelium. Thereafter, on unbuffered SMMS, only MT1110 resumed growth and produced aerial mycelium by switching to an alternative metabolism that neutralized its medium, probably by reincorporating and metabolizing extracellular acids. BZ1 was not able to neutralize its medium or produce aerial mycelium on unbuffered SMMS; these defects were suppressed by high concentrations (〉1 mM) of cAMP during early growth or on buffered medium. Other developmental mutants (bldA, bldB, bldC, bldD, bldG) also irreversibly acidified this medium. However, these bald mutants were not suppressed by exogenous cAMP or neutralizing buffer. BZ1 also differentiated when it was cultured in close proximity to MT1110, a property observed in cross-feeding experiments between bald mutants and commonly thought to reflect diffusion of a discrete positively acting signalling molecule. In this case, MT1110 generated a more neutral pH environment that allowed BZ1 to reinitiate growth and form aerial mycelium. The fact that actinorhodin synthesis could be induced by concentrations of cAMP (〈 20 μM) found in the medium of MT1110 cultures, suggested that it may serve as a diffusible signalling molecule to co-ordinate antibiotic biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01033.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-induced expression of an LPS-associated gene in Helicobacter pylori (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Molecular microbiology 30 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To investigate urease-independent mechanisms by which Helicobacter pylori resists acid stress, subtractive RNA hybridization was used to identify H. pylori genes whose expression is induced after exposure to acid pH. This approach led to the isolation of a gene that encoded a predicted 34.8 kDa protein (WbcJ), which was homologous to known bacterial O-antigen biosynthesis proteins involved in the conversion of GDP-mannose to GDP-fucose. An isogenic wbcJ null mutant strain failed to express O-antigen and Lewis X or Lewis Y determinants and was more sensitive to acid stress than was the wild-type strain. Qualitative differences in LPS profiles were observed in H. pylori cells grown at pH 5 compared with pH 7, which suggests that H. pylori may alter its LPS structure in response to acidic pH. This may be an important adaptation facilitating H. pylori colonization of the acidic gastric environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.t01-1-01079.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat shock inducibility of an archaeal TATA-like promoter is controlled by adjacent sequence elements (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Molecular microbiology 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of a heat-inducible cct1 (chaperonin-containing Tcp-1) family member gene is regulated at the transcription level in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii. Transcriptional fusions of the cct1 promoter region with a yeast proline tRNA reporter gene were constructed to analyse the functional domains of this archaeal heat shock promoter. Both basal and heat-induced transcription of the reporter gene was directed by an archaeal consensus TATA element (5′-TTTATA-3′) centred 25 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Deletion mutagenesis indicated that the 5′ boundary of the cct1 regulatory region mapped to position − 37. Nucleotide alignment with the 5′ flanking regions of two additional cct-related genes identified in H. volcanii showed a high degree of sequence conservation between positions +1 and − 37, especially in and immediately surrounding the TATA element of the putative core promoter. Mutational analysis of conserved sequences demonstrated that basal and heat-induced transcription required sequence elements located upstream and downstream of the TATA-box. These findings indicate that the regulatory sequences involved in heat-induced transcription lie within the core promoter region and suggest that the mechanism controlling heat shock gene expression in H. volcanii differs from the bacterial and eukaryal strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00698.x
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