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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Late-Holocene East Antarctic climate trends from ice-core and lake-sediment proxies
    SAGE Publications ; 2001
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2001-01), p. 117-120
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2001-01), p. 117-120
    Abstract: A high-resolution record of evaporation for the last 650 years was derived from the diatom-salinity signal preserved in a sediment core taken from Ace Lake, Vestfold Hills (68° 28's, 78° 11'E), Antarctica. The seasonal oxygen isotope signal preserved in an ice core from Law Dome (66° 44'S, 112° 50'E), Antarctica, revealed a high-resolution summer temperature record for the same time period. The two proxies show highly correlated behaviour despite having significantly different climatic response mechanisms and a large geographic separation. The correlation observed between proxies based on such differing processes and analytical method ologies provides not only a climate record for the past 650 years that is both robust and regionally representative of coastal East Antarctica but also confirmation of the utility of reconstructions using these methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/095968301677143452
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Features of meteorological events preserved in a high-resolution Law Dome (East Antarctica) snow pit
    International Glaciological Society ; 2002
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 463-470
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 463-470
    Abstract: Snow-pit and shallow firn-core records of oxygen isotope ratios (δ 18 O) and trace ion species were generated at a high-accumulation site on Law Dome, East Antarctica. Concordance between accumulation events identified in records up to 7.7 km a part confirms that the observed glaciochemical variations are the result of regional rather than local surface effects. This allows calibration of the snow-pit records with measured meteorological parameters. Net accumulation periods that comprise the snow-pit record are identified using hourly snow-accumulation measurements from a co-located automatic weather station (AWS). Particular focus is given to three net accumulation periods preserved during austral summer 1999/2000 that correspond to the top 0.5 m of the snow pit. Local meteorological conditions recorded during the summer accumulation periods by the AWS are combined with regional and synoptic-scale meteorology derived from Casey station (110 km away) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite imagery to identify potential source regions for chemical signals preserved in summer snow at Law Dome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/172756402781816780
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antarctic volcanic flux ratios from Law Dome ice cores
    International Glaciological Society ; 2002
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 329-332
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 329-332
    Abstract: Explosive volcanic eruptions can inject large quantities of sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere. the aerosols that result from oxidation of the sulphur dioxide can produce significant cooling of the troposphere by reflecting or absorbing solar radiation. It is possible to obtain an estimate of the relative stratospheric sulphur aerosol concentration produced by different volcanoes by comparing sulphuric acid fluxes determined by analysis of polar ice cores. Here,we use a non-sea-salt sulphate time series derived from three well-dated Law Dome ice cores to investigate sulphuric acid flux ratios for major eruptions over the period AD 1301–1995. We use additional data from other cores to investigate systematic spatial variability in the ratios. Only for the Kuwae eruption (Law Dome ice date AD 1459.5) was the H 2 SO 4 flux larger than that deposited by Tambora (Law Dome ice date AD 1816.7).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/172756402781816771
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
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    SSG: 14
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intercomparison of firn core and meteorological data
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2001
    In:  Antarctic Science Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2001-09), p. 329-337
    Details
    In: Antarctic Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2001-09), p. 329-337
    Abstract: High resolution firn core records of the oxygen isotope ratio (δ 18 O) and trace chemical species were extracted from a high accumulation site on Law Dome, East Antarctica. Inter-core comparisons were conducted and regional events identified in cores 5 km apart. High resolution dating of one of the firn cores was established using a co-located Automatic Weather Station (AWS) equipped with a snow accumulation sensor, allowing dating of individual precipitation events in the firn core record. Variations in the δ 18 O and trace chemical records were compared with meteorological conditions at the mesoscale and the synoptic-scale. Particular focus was given to an abrupt change in sea salt concentrations and δ 18 O within a depth range that appears from AWS accumulation data to have been deposited over a 24 hour period. The abrupt change in the firn core record was found to be consistent with an abrupt change in meteorological conditions. Direct comparisons between high resolution firn core records and meteorological conditions will greatly facilitate the interpretation of signals preserved in deep ice cores.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-1020 , 1365-2079
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954102001000463
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ice Core Evidence for Antarctic Sea Ice Decline Since the 1950s
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2003
    In:  Science Vol. 302, No. 5648 ( 2003-11-14), p. 1203-1206
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 302, No. 5648 ( 2003-11-14), p. 1203-1206
    Abstract: The instrumental record of Antarctic sea ice in recent decades does not reveal a clear signature of warming despite observational evidence from coastal Antarctica. Here we report a significant correlation ( P 〈 0.002) between methanesulphonic acid (MSA) concentrations from a Law Dome ice core and 22 years of satellite-derived sea ice extent (SIE) for the 80°E to 140°E sector. Applying this instrumental calibration to longer term MSA data (1841 to 1995 A.D.) suggests that there has been a 20% decline in SIE since about 1950. The decline is not uniform, showing large cyclical variations, with periods of about 11 years, that confuse trend detection over the relatively short satellite era.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1087888
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 6
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    High‐precision dating of volcanic events (A.D. 1301–1995) using ice cores from Law Dome, Antarctica
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 106, No. D22 ( 2001-11-27), p. 28089-28095
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. D22 ( 2001-11-27), p. 28089-28095
    Abstract: A record of volcanic activity over the period A.D. 1301–1995 has been extracted from three Law Dome ice cores (East Antarctica). The record dating is unambiguous at the annual level from A.D. 1807 to 1995 and has an uncertainty of ±1 year at A.D. 1301. Signals from 20 eruptions are preserved in the record, including those of two unknown eruptions with acid deposition beginning in A.D. 1810.8 and A.D. 1685.8. The beginning of the ice core signal from the A.D. 1815 Tambora eruption is observed in the austral summer of A.D. 1816/1817. The mean observed stratospheric transport and deposition time to Law Dome from the eruption site is 1.5 years (σ = 0.6 years) from 11 well‐dated eruptions. The largest eruption observed in the Law Dome record has its maximum in A.D. 1460 with volcanic sulfate deposition beginning in the austral winter of A.D. 1459. This event is also observed in other ice core records and is attributed to the volcano Kuwae, with an eruption date in the range A.D. 1455.9–1459.9 if all sources of error are considered. This is at least three years later than the date previously ascribed by dendrochronological and historical studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000330
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    A 700 year record of Southern Hemisphere extratropical climate variability
    International Glaciological Society ; 2004
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 39 ( 2004), p. 127-132
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 39 ( 2004), p. 127-132
    Abstract: Annually dated ice cores from West and East Antarctica provide proxies for past changes in atmospheric circulation over Antarctica and portions of the Southern Ocean, temperature in coastal West and East Antarctica, and the frequency of South Polar penetration of El Niño events. During the period AD 1700–1850, atmospheric circulation over the Antarctic and at least portions of the Southern Hemisphere underwent a mode switch departing from the out-of-phase alternation of multi-decadal long phases of EOF1 and EOF2 modes of the 850 hPa field over the Southern Hemisphere (as defined in the recent record by Thompson and Wallace, 2000; Thompson and Solomon, 2002) that characterizes the remainder of the 700 year long record. From AD 1700 to 1850, lower-tropospheric circulation was replaced by in-phase behavior of the Amundsen Sea Low component of EOF2 and the East Antarctic High component of EOF1. During the first phase of the mode switch, both West and East Antarctic temperatures declined, potentially in response to the increased extent of sea ice surrounding both regions. At the end of the mode switch, West Antarctic coastal temperatures rose and East Antarctic coastal temperatures fell, respectively, to their second highest and lowest of the record. Polar penetration of El Niño events increased during the mode switch. The onset of the AD 1700–1850 mode switch coincides with the extreme state of the Maunder Minimum in solar variability. Late 20th-century West Antarctic coastal temperatures are the highest in the record period, and East Antarctic coastal temperatures close to the lowest. Since AD 1700, extratropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere have experienced significant climate variability coincident with changes in both solar variability and greenhouse gases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/172756404781814249
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
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    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Post-depositional movement of methanesulphonic acid at Law Dome, Antarctica, and the influence of accumulation rate
    International Glaciological Society ; 2002
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 333-339
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 333-339
    Abstract: A series of ice cores from sites with different snow-accumulation rates across Law Dome, East Antarctica, was investigated for methanesulphonic acid (MSA) movement. the precipitation at these sites (up to 35 km apart) is influenced by the same air masses, the principal difference being the accumulation rate. At the low-accumulation-rate W20k site (0.17m ice equivalent), MSAwas completely relocated from the summer to winter layer. Moderate movement was observed at the intermediate-accumulation-rate site (0.7m ice equivalent), Dome Summit South (DSS), while there was no evidence of movement at the high-accumulation-rate DE08 site (1.4m ice equivalent). the main DSS record of MSA covered the epoch AD 1727–2000 and was used to investigate temporal post-depositional changes. Co-deposition of MSA and sea-salt ions was observed in the surface layers, outside of the main summer MSA peak,which complicates interpretation of these peaks as evidence of movement in deeper layers. A seasonal study of the 273 year DSS record revealed MSA migration predominantly from summer into autumn (in the up-core direction), but this migration was suppressed during the Tambora (1815) and unknown (1809) volcanic eruption period, and enhanced during an epoch (1770–1800) with high summer nitrate levels. A complex interaction between the gradients in nss-sulphate, nitrate and sea salts (which are influenced by accumulation rate) is believed to control the rate and extent of movement of MSA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/172756402781816528
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2122400-6
    SSG: 14
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distribution of oxygen isotope ratios and snow accumulation rates in Wilhelm II Land, East Antarctica
    International Glaciological Society ; 2002
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 107-110
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 35 ( 2002), p. 107-110
    Abstract: Records of recent oxygen isotope ratios (δ 18 O) and accumulation rates are presented for the region of Wilhelm II Land, East Antarctica, between 78˚ and 93˚E and from the coast to 2100m elevation. These records were derived from analysis of 21 shallow firn cores collected during the 1997/98 and 1998/99 Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions summer operations. the accumulation rates were determined using comparisons between detailed analyses of density, δ 18 O, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels and electrical conductivity. the δ 18 O distribution follows an approximately linear relationship with snow surface elevation, with values from –22‰ near the coast to –32‰ towards 2000m elevation. Accumulation-rate distribution does not display this simple relationship with topography. South of the West Ice Shelf the contours run parallel to lines of latitude (oblique to the coast and topography), with 400 kg m –2 a –1 towards the coast and 2000m elevation, and a lower zone of 300 kg m –2 a –1 along an axis of 68.4˚ S. This pattern of accumulation is also evident along the Mirny–Vostok traverse route. Southwest of the West Ice Shelf the rate of accumulation drops gradually from 300 to 200 kg m –2 a –1 towards Lambert Glacier basin. Surface-snow redistribution and variations in accumulation rate cause variability in the clarity of core records, but several sites show sufficient stratigraphic preservation to suggest potential for extraction of extended palaeoenvironmental records through further drilling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/172756402781816898
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2122400-6
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methanesulphonic acid movement in solid ice cores
    International Glaciological Society ; 2004
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 39 ( 2004), p. 540-544
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 39 ( 2004), p. 540-544
    Abstract: Methanesulphonic acid (MSA) is an important trace-ion constituent in ice cores, with connections to biological activity and sea-ice distribution. Post-depositional movement of MSA has been documented in firn, and this study investigates movement in solid ice by measuring variations in MSA distribution across several horizontal sections from an ice core after 14.5 years storage. The core used is from below the bubble close-off depth at Dome Summit South, Law Dome, East Antarctica. MSA concentration was studied at 3 and 0.5 cm resolution across the core widths. Its distribution was uniform through the core centres, but the outer 3 cm showed gradients in concentrations down to less than half of the central value at the core edge. This effect is consistent with diffusion to the surrounding air during its 14.5 year storage. The diffusion coefficient is calculated to be 2 ×10 –13 m 2 s –1 , and the implications for the diffusion mechanism are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/172756404781814645
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2122400-6
    SSG: 14
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