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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Blood vessel walls ; Intima thickening ; Lamina elastica interna splitting ; Morphology ; Elastin quantification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although pre-eclampsia (PE) is often associated with fetal hypoxia, hypertension and/or disturbed function of the fetal circulation, the effect of these altered hemodynamic parameters on the structure and composition of umbilical vessels has not been systematically investigated before. Therefore, this study focuses on PE-associated changes of the elastic fibre system in umbilical cord vessels investigated by light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and biochemistry. In umbilical cord veins, no changes in thickness of the vessel wall or of any sublayer were observed. However, the internal elastic lamina of the veins was split in 80% of the PE-group in contrast to 20% in uncomplicated pregnancies. This effect was significant (α 〈0.01) from 36 weeks of gestation onwards. In umbilical cord arteries, the entire arterial vessel wall was found to be 15% thicker in PE than in uncomplicated pregnancies. The enlargement was caused by an increase of both the tunica intima and tunica media. The thickening of the tunica intima was attributed to a migration of smooth muscle cells towards the endothelium, accompanied by a splitting of the internal elastic lamina. Compared to uncomplicated pregnancies, smooth muscle cells of arteries and veins in PE showed a metabolic activation demonstrated by highly dilated endoplasmic reticulum. A semiquantitative score method as well as a quantitative dot blot assay indicated a PE-associated reduction of elastin expression in the arterial vessel walls. In summary, PE obviously induces a decrease of the elastin content accompanied by a thickening of the vessel wall in umbilical cord arteries. This remodeling of the elastic fibre system, together with an increased migration of smooth muscle cells, might represent part of the functional adaptation system of the umbilical cord arteries on the altered hemodynamic conditions in PE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medizinische Klinik 95 (2000), S. 683-688 
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System ; Fibrinolyse ; PAI-1 ; t-PA ; Key words Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; Fibrinolysis ; PAI-1 ; t-PA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Experimental, genetic and clinical evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may participate in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease. This interrelationship may involve mechanisms other than changes in arterial blood pressure. In addition to various possible interactions, accumulating evidence suggests that the RAAS is involved in the regulation of fibrinolytic system. Several recent studies have shown that stimulation of the RAAS may be associated with an activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Since profibrinolytic factors (especially tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]) remain unchanged, increased activity of the RAAS may thus alter the fibrinolytic balance towards a decreased fibrinolytic activity. These findings may be of special importance for a variety of clinical problems such as the long-term effect of a low NaCl-intake on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and the possible value of drugs indirectly or directly interfering with the RAAS such as diuretics, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle, genetische und klinische Studien legen einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (RAAS) und der Entwicklung thromboembolischer kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen, wie zum Beispiel der koronaren Herzkrankheit, nahe. Dabei ist die Verknüpfung, zumindest nicht ausschließlich, über Änderungen des arteriellen Blutdruckes vermittelt. Neben vielen anderen möglichen Mechanismen weist eine Reihe neuerer Untersuchungen darauf hin, dass das RAAS an der Regulation der Fibrinolyse beteiligt sein könnte. So zeigen verschiedene Studien, dass eine Aktivierung des RAAS mit einer gesteigerten Freisetzung des Plasminogenaktivator-Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) einhergeht. Bei unveränderter Aktivität profibrinolytischer Faktoren (insbesondere des Gewebe-Plasminogenaktivators [t-PA]) wäre ein aktiviertes RAAS dementsprechend mit einer Änderung des fibrinolytischen Gleichgewichts und Hemmung der Fibrinolyse assoziiert. Diese Befunde sind von potentieller Bedeutung für eine Reihe von klinischen Fragestellungen, so zum Beispiel der Wertigkeit einer Kochsalzrestriktion für kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Letalität oder aber der Bedeutung von Pharmaka, die indirekt oder direkt in das RAAS eingreifen, wie zum Beispiel Diuretika, ACE-Hemmstoffe und Angiotensin-II-Typ-1-(AT1–)Rezeptorantagonisten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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