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  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (23)
  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estradiol protects against ATP depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decline and the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by 3-nitroproprionic acid in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 77 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mitochondria are recognized as modulators of neuronal viability during ischemia, hypoxia and toxic chemical exposure, wherein mitochondria dysfunction leading to ATP depletion may be a common pathway of cell death. Estrogens have been reported to be neuroprotective and proposed to play a role in the modulation of cerebral energy/glucose metabolism. To address the involvement of 17β-estradiol preservation of mitochondrial function, we examined various markers of mitochondrial activity in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells exposed to 3-nitroproprionic acid (3-NPA), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. 3-NPA (10 mm) significantly increased ATP levels at 2 h then caused a 40% and a 50% decrease in ATP levels from baseline when treated for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. 3-NPA also induced significant increases in levels of cellular hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite at 2 h and a 60% decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) at 12 h exposure. 17β-Estradiol (17β-E2) pretreatment restored the ATP level back to 80% at 12 h of that in control cells treated with 3-NPA but without E2, blunted the effect of 3-NPA on MMP and reactive oxygen species levels. The present study indicates that 17β-E2 can preserve mitochondrial function in the face of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00271.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new mutation in the linker 12 domain of keratin 5 in a Chinese family with Weber–Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa simplex (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 29 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A previously undescribed missense mutation was detected in the L12 domain of keratin 5 (K5) in a Chinese family with Weber–Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Direct sequencing of the PCR products identified a single base substitution (983A→G) that changes the aspartic acid residue at codon 328 to glycine in all affected family members, while no mutation was observed either in the healthy individual or 50 unrelated control samples. Asp328 of K5 is remarkably conserved among all type II keratins. D328G is the fourth mutation found to affect this residue in K5-related epidermolysis bullosa simplex, indicating the importance of Asp328 for K5 structure and the dramatic effect that fine changes can have on keratin intermediate filament integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01565.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of exchangeable potassium in soil using ion-selective electrodes in soil suspensions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 52 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Methods  of determining exchangeable K+ of soil by mixing extracting solutions and analysing the soil suspension with ion-selective electrodes were developed and evaluated on 30 samples of soils. From preliminary comparisons of the K+ extracted by BaCl2 and NH4OAc solutions and by batch and leaching treatments of soils, we established that suspensions of 5 g soil in 100 ml 0.5 m BaCl2 and single batch treatments of 1 h should be used. The exchangeable K+ was determined with a K-selective, valinomycin-based PVC membrane electrode and electrochemical cells that did or did not include a liquid junction (the reference electrode being a double-junction reference electrode assembly with a 10 m LiOAc salt bridge solution or a Cl-selective electrode, respectively). The Ba-exchangeable K+ values were sensibly the same whether a liquid junction was involved or not, a result that can be attributed to the beneficial effects of the salt bridge and the ionic strength of the extractant. Comparisons of these Ba-exchangeable results with those obtained by various combinations of batch or leaching treatments, BaCl2 or NH4OAc extractants and filtrate analysis by the ion-selective electrode method or atomic absorption spectrometry showed they were all highly correlated (r≥ 0.996). The selectivity of the K+-selective electrode (kpotKNH4 = 0.004) significantly reduced the interference from indigenous soil NH4+ in the BaCl2 suspensions. Overall, the results show potentiometric measurements of K+ in soil suspensions can provide a simple, rapid, and reliable means of determining exchangeable K+ in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.t01-1-00363.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the effects of desflurane and isoflurane on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation (2000)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a randomised prospective cross-over study, we compared the effects of desflurane and isoflurane on arterial oxygenation, heart rate and mean arterial pressure during one-lung anaesthesia. Thirty patients scheduled for oesophagogastrectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group of 15 patients received desflurane to an end-tidal concentration of 6% in oxygen from induction until the end of 30 min of open chest one-lung ventilation in the lateral position. This was followed by isoflurane to an end-tidal concentration of 1.1% in oxygen for the next 30 min of one-lung ventilation. The other group of 15 patients received the two anaesthetic agents in the reverse order. We found no significant difference in arterial oxygenation, heart rate or mean arterial pressure between the two inhalational agents. In the subgroup of 10 patients with pulmonary artery catheters, we found no significant differences in mixed venous saturation, derived shunt or cardiac output. We conclude that during one-lung ventilation, the choice between desflurane and isoflurane does not significantly influence arterial oxygenation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.055002167.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane uptake into the brain and body (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane uptake into the brain and body by comparing sevoflurane concentrations in internal jugular-bulb blood (Jsev), arterial blood (Asev) and pulmonary arterial blood (PAsev) over a fixed inspired sevoflurane concentration. Ten patients (aged 51–73 years), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were enrolled in this study. They were anaesthetised using a constant 3.5% inspired sevoflurane concentration (CIsev) during the first hour of anaesthesia. During constant volume-controlled ventilation, we measured CIsev and end-tidal sevoflurane (CEsev) using infrared analysis. The sevoflurane concentration in the blood was analysed using gas chromatography, and cardiac output was measured using an Opti-Q pulmonary artery catheter. We found that it took 40 min for the brain concentration to equilibrate with arterial blood (Asev). Both CIsev–CEsev and Asev–PAsev gradients persisted during the study period. There was no further uptake of sevoflurane into the brain after 40 min; however, there was near-constant uptake into the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03346.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sirolimus Interferes with the Innate Response to Bacterial Products in Human Whole Blood by Attenuation of IL-10 Production (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Current immunosuppressive strategies are aimed at abrogating the allospecific T-cell response against donor tissues or organs. However, little information is yet available on the potential influences of these drugs on innate immune responses. In order to address this, we have employed a whole blood model. Human whole blood was pretreated with sirolimus, cyclosporine A or tacrolimus in therapeutic as well as supra therapeutic doses, and subsequently stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PepG) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Plasma cytokine analyses revealed a potent inhibitory effect of sirolimus on interleukin(IL)-10 production induced by all bacterial products tested. In contrast, cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibited the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in response to LPS, but not to PepG and LTA. Using a quantitative mRNA analyses, we also observed that sirolimus significantly decreased the IL-10 mRNA accumulation to sub-basal levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This suggests that the sirolimus inhibits IL-10 production by interfering with the IL-10 gene transcription. However, the molecular mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear. Based on the present study and observations by others, we postulate that the clinical use of the sirolimus may be associated with a dysregulated innate immune response to bacterial infection and thus an increased risk of hyperinflammation and sepsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00862.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental shift of vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) terminals into deeper regions of the superficial dorsal horn: correlation with a shift from TrkA to Ret expression by dorsal root ganglion neurons (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cloned vanilloid receptor VR1 can be activated by capsaicin and by thermal stimuli. The pattern of nerve terminals that contain VR1 in adult rat spinal cord does not correspond to axons that arise from a single subset of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Thus, we postulated that the basis underlying this complexity might be better understood from a developmental perspective. First, using capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia as a measure of VR1 function, we found that vanilloid receptors were functional as early as postnatal day 10 (P10), although hyperalgesia was of longer duration in adult. Interestingly, the appearance of VR1 protein in terminals of dorsal root ganglion neurons shifts over this postnatal period. From embryonic day 16 to P20, the majority of VR1 protein in the spinal cord was observed in lamina I. As animals matured, VR1 protein became more abundant in lamina II, particularly in the inner portion. Consistent with these observations, the number of dorsal root ganglion neurons coexpressing VR1 and isolectin B4 binding sites doubled while the number of neurons that had both VR1 and substance P remained relatively constant from P2 to P10. In peripheral processes, the number of VR1-positive nerve fibres and terminals in cutaneous structures in postnatal day 10 was half of that in adults. We also show that the association of VR1 with Ret is the reciprocal of the association of VR1 with Trk A. These results suggest that neurotrophins may regulate the extent to which populations of dorsal root ganglion neurons express VR1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01665.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergen-induced bronchial inflammation is associated with decreased levels of surfactant proteins A and D in a murine model of asthma (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Increasing evidence suggests that pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) participate in the lung defence against pathogens. However, the role of surfactant proteins in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced airway inflammation has not been elucidated. In this study we examined the levels and distributions of SP-A and SP-D in a dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p) allergen-induced murine model of asthma.Methods The concentration of SP-A and SP-D in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the distribution of surfactant proteins in the lung were assayed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry methods, respectively. The effect of surfactant proteins on allergen-induced pulmonary lymphocyte proliferation was also studied.Results We demonstrated that there were marked reductions of SP-A and SP-D levels in the BALF of Der p-sensitized BALB/c mice at 48–72 h after allergen challenge (AC). Both purified SP-A and SP-D were able to suppress, in a dose dependent manner, Der p-stimulated intrapulmonary lymphocyte proliferation of naïve mice with saline or allergen challenge, or of Der p-sensitized mice with saline challenge. On the contrary, this suppressive effect was mild (〈 9%) on lymphocytes from sensitized mice after AC.Conclusion These results indicated the involvement of pulmonary surfactant proteins in the allergic bronchial inflammation of sensitized mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01031.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on fish heterosis with DNA fingerprinting (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: One Tilapia hybridization, Oreochromis aureus, (Steindachner) ♂ × Oreochromis niloticus, (Linnaeus) ♀, and two common carp, Cyprinus carpio, (Linnaeus) ♂, hybridizations, Russian mirror carp ♂ × Xingguo red carp ♀, and German mirror carp ♂ × Xingguo red carp ♀ were used to study the feasibility of predicting heterosis using genetic distance from DNA fingerprinting. The results indicated that highly polymorphic DNA fingerprints could be obtained with human minisatellite 33.6 as a probe on the studied varieties. The within-population similarity indices of O. aureus, O. niloticus, Russian mirror carp, German mirror carp and Xingguo red carp were 0.785,  0.577, 0.432, 0.348 and 0.339 respectively. The similarity indices between F1 and their parents of three hybridization combinations were not significantly different (P 〉 0.05). There were larger genetic distances between two hybridization combinations, O. aureus♂ × O. niloticus♀ and Russian mirror carp ♂ × Xingguo red carp ♀, which showed heterosis in production and were extensively used in Chinese aquaculture. The genetic distance between O. aureus♂ and O. niloticus♀ was 0.338, and that between Russian mirror carp and Xingguo red carp was 0.344. However, the genetic distance between German mirror carp and Xingguo red carp was 0.129; this corresponded with the fact that their F1 generation did not show heterosis in the Chinese fish hybridization experiment. The study suggested that genetic distance could be used to predict fish heterosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00745.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism and air pollution as interactive risk factors for childhood asthma (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1 locus were associated with asthma-related phenotypes and bronchial hyper-responsiveness.Objective This study investigated whether GSTP1 genotypes and outdoor air pollution were interactive risk factors on childhood asthma.Methods Four hundred and thirty-six subjects were recruited for oral mucosa samplings from 2853 fourth- to ninth-grade schoolchildren from three districts with different air pollution levels in southern Taiwan. PCR-based assays were performed by oral mucosa DNA to determine GSTP1 genotypes. We also conducted a nested case–control study comprising 61 asthmatic children and 95 controls confirmed by International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire results and methacholine challenge test. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding factors.Results All participants were homozygous at the Ala-114 locus. Although only a marginally significant association existed between the frequency of homozygosity at the Ile-105 locus and asthma when air pollution was not considered, we found a significant gene–environmental interaction between GSTP1–105 alleles and air pollution after adjusting for confounders (P=0.035). Specifically, we found that compared with participants carrying any Val-105 allele in low air pollution, those who are Ile-105 homozygotes in high air pollution district had a significantly increased risk of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=5.52, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.64–21.25). Compared with participants carrying any Val-105 allele, in high air pollution district, children with Ile-105 homozygotes had a significantly increased risk of asthma (AOR=3.79, 95% CI=1.01–17.08), but those who carried two Ile-105 alleles in low or moderate air pollution districts did not show similar tendencies. The risk of asthma also revealed a clear dose–response relationship with outdoor air pollution in children with Ile-105 homozygotes.Conclusion Our result suggests a gene–environmental interaction between GSTP1–105 genotypes and outdoor air pollution on childhood asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02099.x
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