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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypervolaemia improves global and local function and efficiency in postischaemic myocardium (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In the present study, we investigated the effects of blood volume on postischaemic function and efficiency. In 14 anaesthetized dogs, following recovery from a period of 15 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the effects of hypervolaemia (HYPER; 15% increased volume produced by fast infusion of Hespan; B Braun Medical, Irvine, CA, USA), normovolaemia (NORMO) and hypovolaemia (HYPO) were studied.2. Although myocardial O2 consumption was not significantly increased by volume (6.37±0.94 vs 6.89±1.1 mL/min per 100 g for HYPO and HYPER, respectively), local work of the stunned myocardium was markedly elevated (8.8±1.7 vs 22.5±3.5 g·mm/ beat, for HYPO and HYPER, respectively; P 〈 0.05). External work of the heart was also significantly improved (71.8±12.7 vs 139.5±16.2 mmHg·L/min for HYPO and HYPER, respectively). These data indicate markedly improved efficiency produced by volume, because work was increased with no change in myocardial O2 consumption.3. Local dysfunction was characterized by several parameters, including systolic bulge, end-diastolic length, delay to onset of shortening, end shortening time delay (EST) and tail work ratio. Hypervolaemia reduced EST compared with hypovolaemia (98.6±18.3 vs 110.7±14.9 msec, respectively; P 〈 0.05) and improved tail work ratio (28.0±7.0 vs 36.0±7.0%, respectively; P 〈 0.05), with no effects on systolic bulge, end-diastolic length and delay to onset of shortening.4. Thus, even in the postischaemic myocardium, increasing work by volume is energetically efficient and is accompanied by partial improvement of local dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03498.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KCa Channel-Opening Activity Of Ginkgo Biloba Extracts And Ginsenosides In Cultured Endothelial Cells (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Extracts of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) and ginsenosides (GS) have been reported to induce vasorelaxation. In the present study, the role of K+ channels in the action of EGb and GS to activate nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was investigated in cultured endothelial cells.2. Nitric oxide synthase activity of cultured endothelial cells detected by the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) histochemistry method was significantly increased after treatment with 20 μg/mL EGb or 40 μg/mL GS plus 10 mmol/L L-arginine. The effect was completely abolished by the addition of 0.5 μmol/L Nω-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS, to the incubation medium and partially inhibited by 10 μmol/L tetraethylammonium (TEA), an inhibitor of Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels.3. Application of EGb to the intracellular surface of excised inside-out patches activated K+ channels in a concentration-dependent manner in the concentration range 1–100 μg/mL. Channel activity was also activated by application of GS at concentrations ranging from 1 to 300 μg/mL. The modulation of channel activity was inhibited by 0.5 mmol/L TEA but not by 0.5 mmol/L glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels.4. Thus, in cultured endothelial cells, the increase in NOS activity induced by EGb or GS depends on the activity of KCa channels. These compounds may regulate nitric oxide release by changing the cell membrane potential in vascular endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03456.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic properties of an alternating-spin (1/2,1) two-leg ladder (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 37 (2003), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. With the aid of the Schwinger-boson mean-field method, we study the low-lying excitations and thermodynamic properties of a ferrimagnetic Heisenberg two-leg ladder (i.e., a ferrimagnetic double-chain with an antiferromagnetic interaction). The interaction between the two chains plays an important role in producing a low-lying excitation energy gap, affecting the low-lying excited spectrum, and increasing the disorder of the ferrimagnetic double-chain. The excitation spectrum, energy gap, and spin reduction in the ground state are calculated. Thermodynamic quantities such as the short-range spin correlation and short-range order are also obtained at low temperatures. In this gapful system, we observed the exponential behaviors in both the specific heat (C V ) and the product of magnetic susceptibility and temperature ( $\chi T$ ) at low temperatures. The exponential behavior of the $\chi T$ versus temperature agrees qualitatively with the experimental results in $\rm NiCu(pba)(D_2O)_3\cdot D_2O$ at low temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2004-00043-y
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of interleukin-3, stem cell factor and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor on committed stem cells, long-term culture initiating cells and bone marrow stroma in a one-step long-term bone marrow culture (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Interleukin-3 ; Stem-cell factor ; Granulocyte ; macrophage colony-stimulating factor ; Bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050587
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endotoxin exacerbates immunologically induced liver injury in cooperation with interferon-γ (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 571-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Endotoxin – Liver injury – Delayed-type hypersensitivity – Interferon-γ– TNF-α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective and Design: To investigate the role of endotoxin in the development of immunologically induced liver injury.¶Materials and Methods: A new model of liver injury induced in BALB/c mice by delayed-type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride and its in vitro assay for the interaction between liver nonparenchymal and parenchymal cells were used.¶Results: Plasma endotoxin in the injured liver correlated well with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity (r = 0.601). Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide led to a significant inhibition of serum ALT elevation. However, lipopolysaccharide in vitro increased the ALT release from hepatocytes caused by nonparenchymal cells only in the presence of IFN-γ. When nonparenchymal cells were separated into Kupffer and non-Kupffer cell populations, the synergistic hepatotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ was still observed in the former but not in the latter cell type. Lipopolysaccharide with IFN-γ also enhanced TNF-α levels. Anti-TNF-α almost completely inhibited the ALT release. Combined use of TNF-α and IFN-γ caused marked hepatocyte damage, while these cytokines alone did not.¶Conclusions: We suggest that elevated endotoxin levels accompanying the development of liver injury may activate Kupffer cells to release TNF-α leading to exacerbation of hepatocyte damage in cooperation with IFN-γ produced during liver injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050633
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of chenodeoxycholic acid as an endogenous antagonist of the G-coupled formyl peptide receptors (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 744-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Chenodeoxycholic acid – Chemotaxis – Bile acids – Formyl peptide receptor – Formyl peptide receptor like 1. calcium flux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and design: To demonstrate the role of bile acids in immune modulation we examined the ability of select bile acids to inhibit leukocyte migration and chemoattractant receptor function.¶Materials: To elucidate this mechanism, we employed primary human monocytes, neutrophils and cell lines transfected to express either the high affinity fMLP receptor (FPR) or the low affinity fMLP receptor like 1 (FPRL1).¶Treatment: Cells were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and related bile acids in a 0-400 micromolar range.¶Method: Cell viability, chemotaxis and calcium flux analysis were preformed.¶Results: We observed that pathophysiological levels (≤150 micromolar) of CDCA competitively inhibited 3H-fMLP binding to human monocytes, FPR and FPRL1 transfected cells. Additionally, CDCA reduced both the chemotactic and calcium flux responses induced by fMLP or "W" peptide. Further, CDCA inhibited anti-FPR anti body binding to monocytes.¶Conclusions: CDCA selectively inhibited human leukocyte chemotaxis and calcium flux induced by fMLP, but not other chemoattractants, suggesting a mechanism for inhibition of inflammation and suppression of innate immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050656
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the conservation of function of the Drosophila Fat facets deubiquitinating enzyme and Fam, its mouse homolog (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 603-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Keywords Fat facets ; Deubiquitinating enzyme ; Fam ; Af-6 ; β-Catenin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Fat facets is a Drosophila deubiquitinating enzyme required for eye development and early embryogenesis. Genetic evidence suggests that Fat facets deubiquitinates and thereby prevents the proteasomal degradation of specific substrates. The Drosophila Liquid facets protein is implicated as the critical substrate of Fat facets in the eye. A mouse homolog of Fat facets, called Fam, has been identified. The results of biochemical experiments implicate two different proteins, Af-6 and β-catenin, as substrates for Fam. Here, the functional relationship between Fat facets and Fam is explored. We show that Fam can substitute for Fat facets in all of its essential functions in Drosophila. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that Canoe and Armadillo, the Drosophila homologs of Af-6 and β-catenin, respectively, are important substrates for Fat facets in the Drosophila eye. We found no genetic evidence to support a role for either Canoe or Armadillo in the essential Fat facets pathways in Drosophila eye development. The significance of these results is discussed in light of the biochemical experiments that suggest that Af-6 and β-catenin are substrates of Fam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270000109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determining the growing season of land vegetation on the basis of plant phenology and satellite data in Northern China (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 44 (2000), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Key words Growing season ; Plant phenology ; NDVI ; Northern China
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The objectives of this study are to explore the relationships between plant phenology and satellite-sensor-derived measures of greenness, and to advance a new procedure for determining the growing season of land vegetation at the regional scale. Three phenological stations were selected as sample sites to represent different climatic zones and vegetation types in northern China. The mixed data set consists of occurrence dates of all observed phenophases for 50–70 kinds of trees and shrubs from 1983 to 1988. Using these data, we calculated the cumulative frequency of phenophases in every 5-day period (pentad) throughout each year, and also drew the cumulative frequency distribution curve for all station-years, in order to reveal the typical seasonal characteristics of these plant communities. The growing season was set as the time interval between 5% and 95% of the phenological cumulative frequency. Average lengths of the growing season varied between 188 days in the northern, to 259 days in the southern part of the research region. The beginning and end dates of the surface growing season were then applied each year as time thresholds, to determine the corresponding 10-day peak greenness values from normalized difference vegetation index curves for 8-km2 pixels overlying the phenological stations. Our results show that, at the beginning of the growing season, the largest average greenness value occurs in the southern part, then in the northern, and finally the middle part of the research region. In contrast, at the end of the growing season, the largest average greenness value is measured in the northern part, next in the middle and lastly the southern part of the research region. In future studies, these derived NDVI thresholds can be applied to determine the growing season of similar plant communities at other sites, which lack surface phenological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840000056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroelectrochemical investigation of direct electron transfer between resting horseradish peroxidase and its oxidation states promoted by DNA (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 367 (2000), S. 172-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Direct electron transfer between resting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and its oxidation states was observed at a gold mesh electrode in a spectroelectrochemical cell in the presence of DNA. The conversion between HRP and the oxidized species induced electrochemically was found to be reversible and parallel to that initiated chemically. DNA played an important role as electron carrier and promoted the electron transfer between HRP and the electrodes. Voltammetric results and CD spectra indicated an interaction between HRP and DNA. Moreover, the secondary structure of HRP was slightly disturbed upon mixing with DNA. The direct spectroelectrochemistry of HRP at a gold mesh electrode presented new information on its bioelectrochemical characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051619
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal validation of a simple moving boundary model to determine the frying time of a thin potato crisp (2000)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 36 (2000), S. 407-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple moving boundary model was redesigned to describe the immersion frying of a thin cut potato crisp of thickness 2 mm. The model took into account the effects of a variable oil convection heat transfer coefficient. In the model, the centre temperature was defined as a value of a region rather than a point. The model also predicted the effect of some shift in the location of the thermocouple on the measurements. Experiments at oil temperatures of 170, 180 and 190 °C were conducted to verify whether or not the model predictions were accurate. Good agreement was found between the experimental and predicted values, which were generally within the t 99(0.01) confidence interval of the experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310000098
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