Anmerkung: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Elastomeric Proteins -- ONE Functions of Elastomeric Proteins in Animals -- INTRODUCTION -- POWER AMPLIFIERS -- ENERGY STORES FOR RUNNING -- ENERGY STORES IN FLIGHT AND SWIMMING -- RETURN SPRINGS -- SMOOTHING FLOW -- CUSHIONING IMPACTS -- FORCE CONTROL -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- TWO Elastic Proteins: Biological Roles and Mechanical Properties -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL PROPERTIES -- THE FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF RUBBER-LIKE PROTEINS -- THE FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF COLLAGEN -- THE FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF MUSSEL BYSSAL FIBRES -- THE FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF SPIDER SILKS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- THREE Elastin as a Self-Assembling Biomaterial -- INTRODUCTION -- TROPOELASTIN -- IN VIVO ASSEMBLY AND CROSS-LINKING -- SELF-AGGREGATION OF ELASTIN -- SELF-ASSEMBLY OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN ELASTIN POLYPEPTIDES -- AGGREGATION AS AN ORDERING PROCESS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- FOUR Ideal Protein Elasticity: The Elastin Models -- INTRODUCTION -- Definition of Ideal or Perfect Elasticity -- Delineation of Internal Energy and Entropy Components of Elastomeric Force -- Basic Statistical Mechanical Expression for Entropy -- The Boltzmann Relation -- Fundamental Expression for the Change in Entropy on Extension -- Historical Notes of Proposed Mechanisms for Protein Entropic Elasticity -- Classical (Random Chain Network) Theory of Rubber Elasticity -- Decrease in Solvent Entropy on Extension -- Damping of Internal Chain Dynamics on Extension -- Inverse Temperature Transition Behaviour of Elastin and Its Models -- Increase in Order with an Increase in Temperature -- Composition of Poly(GVGVP) in Water as a Function of Temperature -- A Structured State at Intermediate Temperatures for Elastin-Based Systems -- MATERIALS -- Preparation of Elastin Models. , Synthesis of Model Systems -- Preparation of Natural Materials -- Purification Using Phase Transitional Behaviour -- Cross-Linking of Elastin Models -- General Cross-Linking Procedure -- Efforts to Cross-Link Alpha-Elastin -- Efforts to Cross-Link Heat-Denatured Poly(GVGVP) -- SPECIALIZED METHODOLOGIES AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS -- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in the Force-Extension Mode -- Preparation of the Sample for AFM -- The AFM Instrument -- Obtaining the Single-Chain Force-Extension Curve -- Analysis of the Results -- Comparison of AFM Single-Chain and Macroscopic Elastic Moduli -- The Acoustic Absorption Experiment -- Sample Preparation and Experimental Set-up -- Comparison of the Acoustic Absorptions of (GVGIP) and Natural Rubber -- Dielectric Relaxation Studies on Elastin-Related Systems -- Dielectric Relaxation and Acoustic Absorption Data for (GVGIP) Over the Frequency Range, 0.1 to 100 kHz -- Related Dielectric Relaxation (Mechanical Resonance) Near 5 MHz for Poly(GVGIP) -- Comparison of Poly(GVGVP) and Alpha-Elastin -- Comparison of Cross-Linked Poly(GVGVP) to Fibrous Elastin -- DISCUSSION -- Relevance of Proposed Mechanisms for Protein Entropic (Ideal) Elasticity -- The Flory Random Chain Network Theory of Entropic Elasticity? -- Solvent Entropy Changes as a Source of Entropic Elastic Force? -- Entropic Elasticity Due to Damping of Internal Chain Dynamic on Extension -- Dependence of Entropy and Structural Free Energy on Oscillator Frequency -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- FIVE Fibrillin: From Microfibril Assembly to Biomechanical Function -- INTRODUCTION -- MOLECULAR ASSEMBLY -- FIBRILLIN MOLECULE ALIGNMENT IN MICROFIBRILS -- NEW MODEL OF FIBRILLIN ALIGNMENT IN EXTENSIBLE MICROFIBRILS -- Untensioned Microfibrils -- Extended Microfibrils -- Molecular Alignment and Reversible Extensibility. , Number of Fibrillin Molecules in Cross-Section -- Microfibril Bundle Extensibility and Organisation -- SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SIX Spinning an Elastic Ribbon of Spider Silk -- INTRODUCTION -- EXAMINATION OF SILKS AND SPIDERS -- Structure of the Retreat and Silk Ribbons -- Gross Morphology of Major Ampullate Gland and Duct -- Morphology of the Major Ampullate Spigot -- Ultrastructure of the Major Ampullate Gland -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SEVEN Sequences, Structures, and Properties of Spider Silks -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPIDER SILK PRODUCTION -- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- PROTEIN SEQUENCES -- BIOPHYSICAL STUDIES -- STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- EIGHT The Nature of Some Spiders' Silks -- INTRODUCTION -- THE NATURAL ROLE OF SPIDER SILK -- THE ORB WEB AND ITS TWO MAJOR SILKS -- THREADS OF THE GARDEN SPIDER'S ORB -- WATER PLASTICISATION -- SPINNING -- THE ROLE OF MANUFACTURE FOR MECHANICS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- NINE Collagen: Hierarchical Structure and Viscoelastic Properties of Tendon -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFORMATION MECHANISMS OF COLLAGEN FIBRILS -- DEFORMATION MECHANISMS OF WHOLE TENDONS -- In Situ Tensile Testing and X-ray Diffraction with Synchrotron Radiation -- Results from In Situ Experiments -- VISCOELASTIC MODEL FOR TENDON ELONGATION -- REFERENCES -- TEN Collagens with Elastin-and Silk-like Domains -- INTRODUCTION -- SHOCK-ABSORBING TETHERS -- INCREMENTAL MODULUS -- PROTEINS IN BYSSAL THREADS -- Composition -- Byssal Proteins -- Collagen Domains and Sequence Transitions -- IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEIN GRADIENTS -- ASSEMBLY AND CROSS-LINKING -- Cross-bridging Interactions -- Axial Sequence -- Register and Density -- MECHANICAL MODELS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , ELEVEN Conformational Compliance of Spectrins in Membrane Deformation, Morphogenesis, and Signalling -- INTRODUCTION -- TARGETING SPECTRIN TO THE MEMBRANE -- N-terminal Actin-Binding Domain -- Central Spectrin Repeat Region -- Ankyrin -- Ankyrin-Independent Membrane Association -- Spectrin C-terminus -- ROLES OF THE SPECTRIN-BASED MEMBRANE SKELETON -- THE SPECTRIN REPEAT -- SPECTRIN'S CONFORMATIONAL COMPLIANCE IN ISOLATION -- SPECTRIN EXTENSIBILITY AT THE RED CELL MEMBRANE -- THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS AND THEIR DEFORMATION ENHANCEMENT -- OTHER SPECTRIN NETWORKS -- The Terminal Web -- The Apical Contractile Ring -- The Outer Hair Cell Lateral Membrane -- Platelet Plasma Membrane -- PERSPECTIVE -- REFERENCES -- TWELVE Giant Protein Titin: Structural and Functional Aspects -- INTRODUCTION -- A-Band Titin and the Structure of Thick Filament -- I-Band Titin and Mechanism of Muscle Elasticity -- Titin Extensibility In Vitro -- Comparison of In Vitro and In Situ Titin Extensibilty -- Titin in Muscle Regulation -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- THIRTEEN Structure and Function of Resilin -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RESILIN -- RESILIN CROSS-LINKS -- DEFINING RESILIN -- OCCURRENCE OF RESILIN -- A RESILIN GENE -- THE MOLECULAR BASIS FOR RESILIN ELASTICITY -- BIOSYNTHESIS OF RESILIN -- RESILIN COMPARED WITH OTHER CUTICULAR PROTEINS -- SOME PROBLEMS FOR THE FUTURE -- REFERENCES -- FOURTEEN Gluten, the Elastomeric Protein of Wheat Seeds -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ORIGIN OF THE WHEAT GLUTEN NETWORK -- WHEAT GLUTEN PROTEINS -- THE HMW GLUTENIN SUBUNITS -- SEQUENCES OF THE REPETITIVE DOMAINS -- STRUCTURE OF THE HMW SUBUNIT REPETITIVE DOMAIN -- SEQUENCES AND STRUCTURES OF THE NON-REPETITIVE DOMAINS -- HMW SUBUNIT STRUCTURE AND GLUTEN ELASTICITY -- MANIPULATION OF HMW SUBUNIT COMPOSITION IN TRANSGENIC WHEAT -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , FIFTEEN Biological Liquid Crystal Elastomers -- INTRODUCTION -- EVIDENCE THAT FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS ARE LLCEs -- Liquid Crystalline Structure -- Liquid Crystalline Assembly -- Elastomeric Properties -- EVIDENCE THAT ORB WEB SPIDER DRAGLINE SILKS ARE LLCEs -- Liquid Crystalline Structure -- Liquid Crystalline Assembly -- Elastomeric Properties -- DISCUSSION -- Assembly of Spider Silk -- Tensile Properties -- Production of Biomimetic Materials -- Exotic Properties -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SIXTEEN Restraining Cross-Links in Elastomeric Proteins -- INTRODUCTION -- COVALENT CROSS-LINKS -- Peroxidase-Induced Di-tyrosine Cross-links -- Resilin -- Abductin -- Lysyl Aldehyde-Derived Cross-links -- Elastin -- Collagen -- Lamprey Cartilage -- Transglutaminase-Derived Cross-links -- Fibrillin -- Disulphide Cross-links -- Gluten -- Catechol Oxidase-Quinones -- Byssus Threads -- NON-COVALENT CROSS-LINKS -- Co-ordinate Metal-Ion Complexes -- Byssus Threads -- Hydrophobic Bond Cross-links -- Silks -- Hydrogen Bond Cross-links -- Gluten -- Silk -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- SEVENTEEN Comparative Structures and Properties of Elastic Proteins -- INTRODUCTION -- SEQUENCES OF ELASTOMERIC PROTEINS -- STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF ELASTOMERIC PROTEINS -- ELASTIC MECHANISM AND FUNCTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- EIGHTEEN Mechanical Applications of Elastomeric Proteins-A Biomimetic Approach -- INTRODUCTION -- PROTEINS IN CERAMICS -- FIBROUS COMPOSITES -- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- USE OF PROTEINS IN MACROSTRUCTURES -- REFERENCES -- NINETEEN Biomimetics of Elastomeric Proteins in Medicine -- INTRODUCTION -- ELASTIN -- SILKS -- COLLAGEN -- BRANCHED TRIPLE HELICAL PEPTIDES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Index.

Anmerkung: Book Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 22 -- Table of Contents -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Looking at the Metal/Solution Interface With the Electrochemical Quartz-Crystal Microbalance: Theory and Experiment -- I. Introduction -- A. Is It Really a Microbalance? -- B. Applications of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance -- C. The Impedance Spectrum of the EQCM -- D. Outline of This Chapter -- II. Theoretical Interpretation of the QCM Response -- A. Impedance -- B. The Effect of Thin Surface Films -- C. The Quartz Crystal Operating in Contact with a Liquid -- D. Quartz Crystals with Rough Surfaces -- III. Electrical Double Layer/Electrostatic Adsorption -- A. Introduction -- B. Some Typical Results -- C. The Potential Dependence of the Frequency -- IV. Adsorption Studies -- A. The Adsorption of Organic Substances -- B. The Adsorption of Inorganic Species -- V. Metal Deposition -- A. Deposition on the Same Metal Substrate -- B. Early Stages of Metal Deposition on a Foreign Substrate -- VI. The Influence of Roughness on the Response of the QCM in Liquids -- A. The Nonelectrochemical Case -- B. The Electrochemical Case -- VII. Conclusion -- VIII. Appendix -- A. Nonuniform Film on the Surface -- B. Experimental Remarks -- References -- The Indirect Laser-Induced Temperature Jump Method for Characterizing Fast Interfacial Electron Transfer: Concept, Application, and Results -- I. Introduction -- A. Why Measure Fast Interfacial Electron Transfer Rate Constants? And How? -- B. Background -- C. The Underlying Principles of the ILIT Method-The Short Version -- D. Definition of Terms -- II. The Evolution of the ILIT Method for the Study of Fast Interfacial Electron Transfer Kinetics -- A. The Temperature-Jump Approach for Studies of Homogeneous Kinetics. , B. The Temperature-Jump Approach for Studies of Interfacial Kinetics -- III. Relevant Electron Transfer Theory: Marcus's Description of Heterogeneous Nonadiabatic Electron Transfer Reactions -- A. Chidsey's Approach -- B. Temperature Dependence -- C. How Well Does the Butler-Volmer Expression Approximate Marcus's Formalism? -- IV. Analysis of the ILIT Response -- A. Response of the Open-Circuit Electrode Potential to a Change in the Interfacial Temperature in the Presence of a Perfectly Reversible Redox Couple Attached to the Electrode Surface -- B. The Relaxation of the ILIT Response When the Rate of Electron Transfer Is Not Infinitely Fast -- C. When Is the ILIT Response Purely Thermal (i.e., Devoid of Kinetic Information)? -- D. The Shape of the Ideal ILIT Perturbation -- E. Nonidealities of the Shape of the ILIT Perturbation and Response-Extracting the Relaxation Rate Constant, km -- F. Correlating km to Meaningful Physical Parameters -- V. Experimental Implementation of ILIT -- A. The Cell -- B. The Working Electrode: Preparation and Thermal Diffusion Properties -- C. Preparation of Self-Assembled Monolayers -- D. The Electronics -- E. Potential Problems -- F. Energetic and Timing Considerations for Single and Multiple Pulse Experiments -- G. Some Suggested Experimental Protocols -- VI. A Few Examples of Measurements of Interfacial Kinetics -- A. Some Typical Transients -- B. Determining the Value of k° -- C. Arrhenius Plots and Evaluation of ΔH≠ and ΔHλ -- VII. The Potential of the ILIT Approach -- VIII. Some Thoughts About Future Experiments -- IX. Glossary of Terms -- X. Appendix: One-Dimensional Thermal Diffusion into Two Different Phases -- References -- Electrically Conducting Diamond Thin Films: Advanced Electrode Materials For Electrochemical Technologies -- I. Introduction. , II. Diamond Thin Film Deposition, Electrode Architectures, Substrate Materials, and Electrochemical Cells -- III. Electrical Conductivity of Diamond Electrodes -- IV. Characterization of Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Film Electrodes -- V. Basic Electrochemical Properties of Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Film Electrodes -- VI. Factors Affecting Electron Transfer at Diamond Electrodes -- VII. Surface Modification of Diamond Materials and Electrodes -- VIII. Electroanalytical Applications -- A. Azide Detection -- B. Trace Metal Ion Analysis -- C. Nitrite Detection -- D. NADH Detection -- E. Uric Acid Detection -- F. Histamine and Serotonin Detection -- G. Direct Electron Transfer to Heme Peptide and Peroxidase -- H. Cytochrome . Analysis -- I. Carbamate Pesticide Detection -- J. Ferrocene Analysis -- K. Aliphatic Polyamine Detection -- IX. Electrosynthesis and Electrolytic Water Purification -- X. Optically Transparent Electrodes for Spectroelectrochemistry -- XI. Advanced Electrocatalyst Support Materials -- A. Composite Electrode Fabrication and Characterization -- B. Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- C. Methanol Oxidation Reaction -- XII. Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

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