Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 24 -- Contents of Other Series Volumes -- Chapter 1: Advances in Potentiometry -- Chapter 2: Electrochemistry at Platinum Single Crystal Electrodes -- Chapter 3: Application of SECM to Corrosion Studies -- Chapter 4: Surface Interrogation Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SI-SECM): An Approach to the Study of Adsorption and (Electro)Catalysis at Electrodes -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- PART I: FOUNDATIONS -- 1. The Creative Biology of Human Reproduction -- 2. On Getting Pregnant -- 3. How Humans Control Their Fertility -- 4. Infections and Reproduction -- 5. The Genetics of Reproduction -- 6. Evolutionary Biology and Eugenics -- 7. Heterogeneity of Risk -- 8. Reproductive Epidemiology: Themes and Variations -- PART II: OUTCOMES -- 9. Fertility and Fecundability -- 10. Early Pregnancy Loss -- 11. Miscarriage -- 12. Stillbirth and Infant Mortality -- 13. Twins and More -- 14. Gestational Age and Preterm Delivery -- 15. Birth Weight and Fetal Growth -- 16. Birth Defects -- 17. Sex Ratio -- 18. Maternal Mortality and Morbidity -- 19. Preeclampsia -- 20. Fetal Exposures and Adult Disease -- 21. Unanswered Questions in Reproductive Epidemiology -- Afterword -- Puzzlers -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Appendix -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Section I Introduction -- I.1 What Is Evolution? -- I.2 The History of Evolutionary Thought -- I.3 The Evidence for Evolution -- I.4 From DNA to Phenotypes -- Section II Phylogenetics and the History of Life -- II.1 Interpretation of Phylogenetic Trees -- II.2 Phylogenetic Inference -- II.3 Molecular Clock Dating -- II.4 Historical Biogeography -- II.5 Phylogeography -- II.6 Concepts in Character Macroevolution: Adaptation, Homology, and Evolvability -- II.7 Using Phylogenies to Study Phenotypic Evolution: Comparative Methods and Tests of Adaptation -- II.8 Taxonomy in a Phylogenetic Framework -- II.9 The Fossil Record -- II.10 The Origin of Life -- II.11 Evolution in the Prokaryotic Grade -- II.12 Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes -- II.13 Major Events in the Evolution of Land Plants -- II.14 Major Events in the Evolution of Fungi -- II.15 Origin and Early Evolution of Animals -- II.16 Major Events in the Evolution of Arthropods -- II.17 Major Features of Tetrapod Evolution -- II.18 Human Evolution -- Section III Natural Selection and Adaptation -- III.1 Natural Selection, Adaptation, and Fitness: Overview -- III.2 Units and Levels of Selection -- III.3 Theory of Selection in Populations -- III.4 Kin Selection and Inclusive Fitness -- III.5 Phenotypic Selection on Quantitative Traits -- III.6 Responses to Selection: Experimental Populations -- III.7 Responses to Selection: Natural Populations -- III.8 Evolutionary Limits and Constraints -- III.9 Evolution of Modifier Genes and Biological Systems -- III.10 Evolution of Reaction Norms -- III.11 Evolution of Life Histories -- III.12 Evolution of Form and Function -- III.13 Biochemical and Physiological Adaptations -- III.14 Evolution of the Ecological Niche -- III.15 Adaptation to the Biotic Environment. , Section IV Evolutionary Processes -- IV.1 Genetic Drift -- IV.2 Mutation -- IV.3 Geographic Variation, Population Structure, and Migration -- IV.4 Recombination and Sex -- IV.5 Genetic Load -- IV.6 Inbreeding -- IV.7 Selfish Genetic Elements and Genetic Conflict -- IV.8 Evolution of Mating Systems: Outcrossing versus Selfing -- Section V Genes, Genomes, Phenotypes -- V.1 Molecular Evolution -- V.2 Genome Evolution -- V.3 Comparative Genomics -- V.4 Evolution of Sex Chromosomes -- V.5 Gene Duplication -- V.6 Evolution of New Genes -- V.7 Evolution of Gene Expression -- V.8 Epigenetics -- V.9 Evolution of Molecular Networks -- V.10 Evolution and Development: Organisms -- V.11 Evolution and Development: Molecules -- V.12 Genetics of Phenotypic Evolution -- V.13 Dissection of Complex Trait Evolution -- V.14 Searching for Adaptation in the Genome -- V.15 Ancient DNA -- Section VI Speciation and Macroevolution -- VI.1 Species and Speciation -- VI.2 Speciation Patterns -- VI.3 Geography, Range Evolution, and Speciation -- VI.4 Speciation and Natural Selection -- VI.5 Speciation and Sexual Selection -- VI.6 Gene Flow, Hybridization, and Speciation -- VI.7 Coevolution and Speciation -- VI.8 Genetics of Speciation -- VI.9 Speciation and Genome Evolution -- VI.10 Adaptive Radiation -- VI.11 Macroevolutionary Rates -- VI.12 Macroevolutionary Trends -- VI.13 Causes and Consequences of Extinction -- V1.14 Species Selection -- VI.15 Key Evolutionary Innovations -- VI.16 Evolution of Communities -- Section VII Evolution of Behavior, Society, and Humans -- VII.1 Genes, Brains, and Behavior -- VII.2 Evolution of Hormones and Behavior -- VII.3 Game Theory and Behavior -- VII.4 Sexual Selection and Its Impact on Mating Systems -- VII.5 Sexual Selection: Male-Male Competition -- VII.6 Sexual Selection: Mate Choice -- VII.7 Evolution of Communication. , VII.8 Evolution of Parental Care -- VII.9 Cooperation and Conflict: Microbes to Humans -- VII.10 Cooperative Breeding -- VII.11 Human Behavioral Ecology -- VII.12 Evolutionary Psychology -- VII.13 Evolution of Eusociality -- VII.14 Cognition: Phylogeny, Adaptation, and By-Products -- VII.15 Evolution of Apparently Nonadaptive Behavior -- VII.16 Aging and Menopause -- Section VIII Evolution and Modern Society -- VIII.1 Evolutionary Medicine -- VIII.2 Evolution of Parasite Virulence -- VIII.3 Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance -- VIII.4 Evolution and Microbial Forensics -- VIII.5 Domestication and the Evolution of Agriculture -- VIII.6 Evolution and Conservation -- VIII.7 Directed Evolution -- VIII.8 Evolution and Computing -- VIII.9 Linguistics and the Evolution of Human Language -- VIII.10 Cultural Evolution -- VIII.11 Evolution and Notions of Human Race -- VIII.12 The Future of Human Evolution -- VIII.13 Evolution and Religion: Conflict and Dialogue -- VIII.14 Creationism and Intelligent Design -- VIII.15 Evolution and the Media -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 25 -- Contents of Other Series Volumes -- Chapter 1: Measuring Absolute Single Half-Cell Reduction Potentials with Mass Spectrometry -- Chapter 2: Electrochemistry of Hydrogenases -- Chapter 3: Bioanalytical Applications of Electrochemistry at Liquid-Liquid Microinterfaces -- Chapter 4: Electrolytes Based on Weakly Coordinating Anions: An Advance in Anodic Molecular Electrochemistry -- Back Cover.

Note: Marine Pollution and Human Health -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Marine Environment and Human Health: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Issues addressed in this Book -- 3.1 Pathogens -- 3.2 Pollutants -- 3.3 Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) -- 3.4 Public Health and Wellbeing -- 3.5 Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs -- 4 Towards a Systems Approach -- References -- Waterborne Pathogens -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human Pathogens in the Marine Environment -- 2.1 Pathogens Introduced to the Oceans -- 2.2 Pathogens Indigenous to the Oceans -- 2.3 Differentiating Pathogenic from Non-Pathogenic Microbes -- 2.4 Pathogen Distribution -- 2.5 Pathogen Detection -- 3 Fecal Indicator Bacteria -- 3.1 Development and Usage -- 3.2 Limitations -- 4 Alternative Measures of Microbial Quality -- 4.1 The Ideal Indicator -- 4.2 Alternative Indicators -- 4.3 Microbial Source Tracking -- 5 Molecular Methods: A Revolution in Detection Technologies -- 6 Epidemiological Studies: Linking Microbial Measures to Human Health -- 7 Modeling Pathogens in Marine Waters -- 7.1 Modeling Aquatic Pathogens: The Example of Vibrios -- 7.2 Coupling Modeling and Remote Sensing -- 7.3 Use of Models in Management: Fecal Indicator Bacteria -- 8 The Future of Beach Regulation -- References -- Estuarine and Marine Pollutants -- 1 Context -- 2 Public Perception -- 3 Priority Substances and Legislation -- 4 Emerging Contaminants -- 4.1 Industrial Emerging Contaminants -- 4.2 Other Emerging Contaminants -- 5 Nanoparticles -- 5.1 Sources and Environmental Behaviour -- 6 Plastics -- 7 Complex Mixtures: Causality of Effects -- 8 Climate Change and Pollutants -- 9 Future Issues -- References -- Harmful Algal Blooms -- 1 Phytoplankton -- 1.1 Harmful Phytoplankton -- 1.2 Mechanisms of Harm to Human Health -- 1.3 The Scale of the Problem -- 2 Human Health Syndromes. , 2.1 Shellfish Poisoning -- 2.2 Causative Organisms and Toxins -- 2.2.1 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) -- 2.2.2 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) -- 2.2.3 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) -- 2.2.4 Other Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins (LSTs) -- 2.2.5 Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) -- 2.3 Respiratory Illness -- 2.4 Fish Vectored Illness -- 2.5 Cyanobacteria -- 2.6 The Role of Harmful Phytoplankton in Influencing Human Wellbeing -- 2.6.1 Microflagellates -- 2.6.2 Other Dinoflagellates -- 2.6.3 Diatoms -- 3 Harmful Algal Blooms in UK Coastal Waters -- 3.1 Shellfish Poisoning -- 3.1.1 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) -- 3.1.2 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) -- 3.1.3 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) -- 3.1.4 Azaspiracid Poisoning (AZP) -- 3.2 Other Harmful Phytoplankton in UK Waters -- 3.2.1 Karenia mikimotoi -- 3.2.2 Other Dinoflagellates -- 3.2.3 Phaeocystis -- 3.2.4 Microflagellates -- 3.2.5 Diatoms and Silicoflagellates -- 3.2.6 Other Species of Pelagic Microplankton -- 4 Safeguarding Health -- 4.1 Monitoring -- 4.2 Are Algal Toxins a Public Health Problem? -- 4.3 Early Warning Methodologies and Mitigation -- 4.4 Introductions and Transfers of New Species -- 4.5 Climate Change -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key Science Challenges for Marine Environment and Human Health -- 2.1 Linking Ecosystem Integrity, Ecosystem Services and Human Health -- 2.2 Sustainable Industrial Development -- 2.3 Understanding and Mitigating the Impacts of Climate Change -- 2.4 Better Prediction Systems for Natural Disasters -- 2.5 Understanding the Distribution and Risks of Marine Biogenic Toxins (Algal Toxins) -- 2.6 Identifying and Reducing Viral and Bacterial Pathogens from Sewage and Agricultural Run-Off. , 2.7 Understanding Emerging Risks (e.g. Nanoparticulates from Industrial and Domestic Use) -- 2.8 Conventional Chemical Inputs (Industrial, Domestic, Agricultural and Road Run-Off), including Personal Care Products, Disinfectants, Pharmaceuticals, Novel Chemicals and Radionuclides -- 2.9 Endocrine Disruption -- 2.10 Pharmaceuticals from the Sea -- 2.11 The Marine Environment as a Health and Wellbeing Resource: the 'Blue Gym' Effect -- 3 Public Health Needs -- 3.1 Health-Related Indices of Environmental Impact -- 3.2 Seafood Safety -- 3.3 Environmental, Social and Economic Interactions (Quality of Governance, Overpopulation and Sustaining Critical Coastal Ecosystems) -- 3.4 Modelling - Need for an Integrated Approach in the Development of Effective Environmental and Public Health Policies on a Regional and Global Scale -- 4 Policy Needs -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 26 -- Contents of Other Series Volumes -- Chapter 1: Nanoscale Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy -- Chapter 2: Electrochemical Applications of Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy -- Chapter 3: Electrode Surface Modification Using Diazonium Salts -- Back Cover.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 15 -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Electrochemistry of Liquid-Liquid Interfaces -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Overview of the Physical Chemistry of ITIES -- III. Energy of Transfer and Interfacial Potentials -- IV. Interfacial Thermodynamics -- V. Electrified ITIES -- VI. Charge Transfers Across ITIES -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix: Electrochemistry of Liquid-Liquid Interface -- References -- Ellipsometry: Principles and Recent Applications in Electrochemistry -- I. Introduction -- II. Specular Reflection of Light from the Solid-Electrolyte -- III. Instrumentation -- IV. Optical Properties of Surface Films in Electrochemical Systems and Their Qualitative Ellipsometric Effects -- V. Experimental Results -- VI. Outlook -- References -- Voltammetry at Ultramicroelectrodes -- I. Introduction -- II. Diffusion at Ultramicroelectrodes -- III. Advantages of Ultramicroelectrodes -- IV. Construction and Use of Ultramicroelectrodes -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- Electrochemical Dictionary -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- List of Contributors -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Note: Front cover -- Introduction to the Series -- Content s of Other SeriesVolumes -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume 23 -- Chapter 1. Electrochemistry atLiquid-Liquid Interfaces -- Chapter 2. Reduction of Platinum under Superdry Conditions -- Chapter 3. Impact of Metal-Ligand Bonding Interactions on the Electron-Transfer Chemistry of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles -- Chapter 4. Sol-Gel Electrochemistry -- Index -- Back cover.