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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1970-1974  (4)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: Quantitative data collected with different bottom trawls at the Great Meteor Seamount (subtropical NE Atlantic, 30°N; 28.5°W) in 1967, 1970 and 1998 are compared. Bootstrap estimates of total catch per unit effort increased from 6.96 and 10.8 ind. m–1 h–1 in 1967 and 1970, respectively, to 583.98 ind. m–1 h–1 in 1998. Gear effects and an effect of gear over time accounted for 47.1% and 20% of species variability. Further significant factors were time of day and habitat, while season was not significant. A total of 43 species was collected. Including supplementary species information, a grand total of 46 species was found associated with the Great Meteor Seamount. Diversity was higher in 1967 and 1970 (Shannon's diversity: H′=2.5 and 1.6) than in 1998 (H′=0.9). Species–environment relationships are discussed in terms of a sound-scattering layer–interception hypothesis, i.e. utilisation of prey from a diurnally moving sound-scattering layer for the bentho-pelagic community. This is probably augmented by concentration effects in a circular current around the seamount (Taylor-column). Long-term changes are discussed with respect to a decrease in biodiversity due to considerable increases in Macroramphosus scolopax and Capros aper. In 1998, the increase of abundance of Trachurus picturatus and the respective decreases for genuine benthic species were likely to have been caused by a change of gear.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 6 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Observations on the natural spawning of Alectis indicus (Rüppell) and Caranx ignobilis (Forsk.) were conducted in their natural habitat. Spawning occurred in pairs at daytime between ebbing and flooding tides. The spawning area was a shoal of 35–45 m, located in a deeper channel between two islands. The transparent eggs of C. ignobilis are pelagic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 64 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: One specimen of the largetooth cookiecutter shark Isistius plutodus was caught in the north-eastern Atlantic at 43°58′ N; 28°32′ W. This is the first record of this rare species in the north-eastern Atlantic and the northernmost point of its known distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 42 (1988), S. 13-36 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In February/March 1983 and 1984 a survey of pelagic fish eggs was conducted in the western Baltic (Kiel Bight), employing a horizontally towed plankton net (1 m Ø and 300 μm mesh). Maximum egg numbers in the upper meter of the S=21×10−3 salinity layer were 200·100 m−3. The most abundant eggs were cod (up to 142 eggs·100 m−3), followed by plaice (up to 74 eggs·100 m−3) and flounder (20 eggs·100 m−3). A considerable percentage of embryos of all species displayed aberrant development. In 1983 18% of cod, 22% of flounder and 24% of plaice eggs caught contained defective embryos; in 1984 this number was larger, ranging from 28% in plaice over 32% in cod to 44% in flounder. Early developmental stages showed the highest malformation rates (up to 51% in the case of early flounder embryos). With progressive development, malformations decreased in numbers, being lowest prior to hatching. Highest rates of malformations were recorded in the Mecklenburg Bight in 1983. A second area with high incidence of malformation rates was located south and east of the island of Langeland. Several reasons, including environmental and anthropogenic factors, for the occurrence of malformed embryos in pelagic fish eggs are discussed. The potential of malformation rates in embryos of pelagic fish eggs as a tool for monitoring is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 42 (1988), S. 645-654 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Artificially inseminated eggs of feral North Sea whiting (Merlangius merlangus) were incubated in the laboratory in order to determine reproductive success. After incubation, two measures for reproductive success, total hatch and viable hatch, were determined and correlated with chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the respective ovaries. From their specific toxicities and the sum of all determined chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants, a contamination factor (CF) was calculated. Significant negative correlations were found between total hatch and DDT, including its metabolites (ΣDDT), dieldrin and the CF. ΣDDT and the CF were also negatively correlated with viable hatch. A threshold value of ovary contamination above which impairment of reproductive success was likely to occur was set at 〉 200 μg kg−1 wet wt. for ΣPCB, 〉 20 μg kg−1 wet wt. for ΣDDT and 〉 10 μg kg−1 wet wt. for dieldrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Eier von Dorsch (Gadus morhua L.), Flunder (Pleuronectes flesus L.) und Scholle (Pleuronectes platessa L.) der westlichen Ostsee wurden unter kombinierten Salzgehalts-Temperaturbedingungen (0°–16° C, 7‰–42‰ S) erbrütet. Es wurde untersucht, inwieweit die Embryonalentwicklung durch das Zusammenwirken von Temperatur und Salzgehalt beeinflußt wird. 2. Die optimalen Temperatur- und Salzgehaltsbereiche für die Erbrütung von Dorsch, Flunder und Scholle wurden festgestellt. Für den Dorsch konnten drei Versuche mit unterschiedlichem Material durchgeführt werden. Die optimalen Temperaturund Salzgehaltskombinationen für die Erbrütung von Dorscheiern betrugen: (a) 6°–8° C bei 25‰–30‰ S, (b) 4° C bei 20‰–33‰ S und (c) 4°–6° C bei 33‰ S. Für die Flundereier wurde als optimale Temperatur-Salzgehaltskombination 4° C und 33‰ S gefunden. Die untersuchten Scholleneier entwickelten sich bei 6° C und 20‰ S am besten. 3. In nicht-optimalen Temperatur- und Salzgehaltsbereichen war ein Absinken der Überlebensrate und verstärktes Auftreten morphologischer Anomalien an Embryonen und Larven zu verzeichnen. Als charakteristische Schädigungen traten Verkrümmungen der caudalen Körperregion auf. Larven, die in schwach salzigem Wasser gehalten wurden (20‰ und 15‰ S), litten an Dottersackquellung, was bei den Flunderlarven zu Kieferdeformationen führte. 4. Als wahrscheinliche Ursache für die Verkrümmungen und Verwachsungen des Schwanzes wurde ein durch extreme Temperaturen allgemein gestörtes Zusammenwirken der Enzyme diskutiert. 5. Die Wirkung hoher und niedriger Salzgehalte wurde in der Diskussion auf eine Störung im embryonalen Stoffwechsel zurückgeführt, die durch Änderung im Ionenmilieu der Zelle hervorgerufen wird. 6. Mit zunehmender Aussüßung des Erbrütungswassers konnte bei allen untersuchten Eiern Entwicklungsverlangsamung beobachtet werden. Bei hohen Erbrütungstemperaturen wurden die Unterschiede in der Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit geringer. 7. Der für die Erbrütung optimale Salzgehalt änderte sich in Abhängigkeit von der Inkubationstemperatur. Ebenfalls war die optimale Erbrütungstemperatur in Abhängigkeit vom Salzgehalt des Erbrütungsmediums veränderlich. Extrem niedrige Salzgehalte (15‰ und 20‰ S) wurden im Bereich der Optimaltemperaturen oder bei niedrigen Temperaturen besser ertragen. 8. Bei allen drei untersuchten Fischarten wurde das Auftreten von Brackwasserrassen in der Ostsee erörtert und für wahrscheinlich gehalten.
    Notes: Abstract Eggs of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua L.), flounder (Pleuronectes flesus L.) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) have been reared under combined temperature and salinity conditions (0°–16° C, 7‰–42‰ S). Combined temperature and salinity influences on embryonic development were investigated. Optimum temperatures for the rearing of cod eggs range from 4° to 8° C, and optimum salinities from 20‰ to 33‰ S. Flounder eggs develop best at 4° C and in 33‰ S, and plaice eggs at 6° C and in 20‰ S. Suboptimum conditions result in lower percentages of larval hatching and survival, and increased morphological anomalies such as curvature of tail and body. Low salinities (20‰ and 15‰ S) cause swollen yolk sacs which, in experiments with flounder eggs, lead to jaw deformities. Rearing at low salinity decreases speed of development. Optimum salinity varies as a function of incubation temperature and influences variations in optimum rearing temperature. Extremely low salinities (20‰ and 15‰ S) are tolerated best at optimum or lower temperatures. From the results of these experiments it can be concluded that brackish water races of these fishes are likely to exist in the Baltic Sea.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 26 (1974), S. 416-433 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Eggs of autumn spawning Baltic herring (Clupea harengus L.) were incubated in cadmium-contaminated water (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 ppm) at four salinities (5 ‰, 16 ‰, 25 ‰, 32 ‰) in order to evaluate possible changes in toxicity of Cd. 2. Effects of Cd on embryonic survival were found to be dependent on salinity of the incubating water. Deleterious effects of Cd on developing herring embryos were more pronounced in brackish water than in sea water. 3. Embryonic activity, as a measure of viability of developing embryos, decreased in Cd concentrations with decreasing salinity. 4. In none of the trials was egg diameter altered by the Cd content of the incubation water. 5. In all salinities, incubation time appeared to be shortened with increasing Cd content of the test medium. 6. At 5 ‰, 16 ‰, 25 ‰ and 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm, hatching rate was not significantly altered by Cd. High hatching rates between 85 to 99% occurred in all salinity-Cd combinations. At high Cd levels (5.0 ppm), there was greater survival of embryos at high salinities (32 ‰ and 25 ‰) than at low salinities (16 ‰ and 5 ‰). 7. Percentage viable hatch was unaffected at 32 ‰, 25 ‰ and 16 ‰ S and 0, 0.1 and 0.5 ppm Cd. In low salinities (5 ‰), only 1% viable hatch occurred at 0.5 ppm; in 16 ‰, 61.5 % viable hatch occurred at 1.0 ppm Cd. No viable larvae were obtained in any tests at 5.0 ppm Cd. 8. In all salinities examined, mean total length of newly hatched larvae decreased with increasing Cd concentration of the rearing medium. Relative decrease in mean total length was minimum at 32 ‰ S. 9. In all four test concentrations yolk sac volumes of newly hatched larvae increased with rising Cd concentrations, probably associated with declining embryo activity. 10. The Cd content of eggs was found to be generally higher in lower salinities than in more saline water at comparable Cd concentrations.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Eier des herbstlaichenden Ostseeherings (Clupea harengus L.) wurden in natürlichem und in Cadmium kontaminiertem Seewasser (Konzentrationen: 0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 5,0 ppm Cd) bei verschiedenen Salzgehalten (5 ‰ 16 ‰ 25‰ 32‰) erbrütet. Die Toxizität von Cd wurde im Hinblick auf folgende Kriterien bewertet: Embryoaktivität und Überlebensraten bis zum Schlupf, Veränderungen der Eimembran, Verschiebung des Schlupfzeitpunktes, Unterschiede in den Schlupfraten, Anteil der lebensfähigen Larven und deren mittlere Totallänge sowie Durchmesser der Augen und Gehörkapseln frischgeschlüpfter Larven. Darüber hinaus wurde die Aufnahme von Cd in Abhängigkeit von Konzentration und Salzgehalt im Verlauf der Embryonalentwicklung bestimmt. Die Beeinträchtigung der Heringsembryonen durch Cd war in brackigem Wasser stärker als in unverdünntem Meerwasser. Auch die konzentrationsabhängige Aufnahme von Cd nahm mit sinkendem Salzgehalt des Erbrütungsmediums zu.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 43 (1989), S. 579-586 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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