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  • 2000-2004  (28)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Dissertation ; Hochschulschrift ; Abyssal ; Atlantischer Ozean Nord ; Arabisches Meer ; Sedimenttransport ; Isotopengeologie
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract ; Zs.-Fassung
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 179 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Language: English
    Note: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1999
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  • 2
    Keywords: Dissertation ; Hochschulschrift ; Abyssal ; Atlantischer Ozean Nord ; Arabisches Meer ; Sedimenttransport ; Isotopengeologie
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 Seiten = 10 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karten
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe 2023
    Language: English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 3
    Keywords: Diplomarbeit ; Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 Seiten = 3 MB) , Graphen
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe 2023
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: General aspects of particle transport within the abyssal near-bottom water column [ up to 1000 meters above bottom (mab)] and within abyssal surface sediments of the Northeast Atlantic (Porcupine Abyssal Plain) and of the Arabian Sea have been investigated using natural particle-reactive radiotracers (234Th and 210Pb). lt is assumed that food supply controls the composition of the benthic community which, in turn, determines bioturbation intensity. Bioturbation intensity was investigated on different time scales using 234Th and 210Pb (234Th: 100 d; 210Pb: 100 yr). The intensity of biogenic particle mixing of surface sediments in the Arabian Sea was positively and negatively related to increasing food supply on the time-scales of 100 d and 100 yr, respectively. On a time-scale of 100 yr a negative relationship between macrofauna abundance and bioturbation intensity was observed. There was a positive relationship between the density of spoke traces and bioturbation intensity. Low food supply in the southeastern Arabian Sea seems to promote the selection of large infaunal benthic organisms with long particle-transport step lengths (spoke-trace producers) whereas high food supply in the northwestern Arabian Sea seems to promote the selection of infaunal macrofauna with short step lengths and presumably long rest periods. Thus, a lower abundance of large organisms may cause more rapid mixing than a higher abundance of small organisms. These results indicate that single components of the benthic community may dominate the distribution of bioturbation intensity in a given region. There is no a priori reason to assume that there is a general positive relationship between particulate-organic-carbon fluxes (food supply) and bioturbation intensity in all parts of the ocean. For the investigation of the near-bottom water column it was subdivided into the first meter above bottom, the benthic mixed layer (BML) and the layer above the benthic mixed layer up to the upper boundary of the bottom nepheloid layer (BNL). This subdivision was based on the distributions of total particulate matter, transmission, potential temperature and 234Th. The interplay of disaggregation and aggregation within the first meter above bottom and subsequent resuspension of rebound particles at the sediment-water interface are proposed to be the principal reasons for high particle-mass concentrations and increased freshness of particulate matter (PM) within the first meter above bottom. The BML, exhibiting thicknesses of ≈ 10 - 65 m, was characterized by more or less uniform distributions of transmission and/or potential temperature. In the BNL above the mixed layer the composition and distribution of PM is governed by lateral advection, settling, turbulent diffusion and presumably decomposition of PM (see below). A one-dimensional steady state box model was developed to investigate 234Th and particle cycling within the abyssal BNL and surface sediment. Mean particle residence times in the BML and in the resuspension zone of the surface sediment with respect to net transports out of these compartments suggest the BML and the adjoining compartments (upper BNL and resuspension zone of the surface sediment) to be a highly dynamic system with respect to particle cycling and sorptive reactions on time scales of several days up to a few weeks. Modelling results and comparison of the measured downward flux of settling particles with the calculated turbulent-diffusive upward flux of suspended PM indicate virtually simultaneous net upward and downward fluxes of 234Thpart and PM across the upper and lower boundaries of the BML, respectively. This finding requires PM to feed the BML presumably during sedimentation pulses which cause a transient non-steady state situation. An alternative source of PM is adsorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) onto particles. Moreover, significant net decomposition / dissolution of PM in the upper BNL is implied. This result suggests that decomposition/dissolution of PM in the BNL should be considered in future studies of biogeochemical cycles in addition to particle decomposition/dissolution in the sediment. The BML is proposed to be a decisive filter for the exchange of matter and biogeochemical information between the ocean 's interior and the sediment. The roportion of the BML within the BNL and the thickness of the BNL are important controls of this exchange.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-08-15
    Description: Mit Hilfe eines auf dem G-Modell (Berner, 1980; Westrich & Berner, 1984) beruhenden Verfahren wurde in einem Laborexperiment untersucht, ob sich ein natürliches Gemisch labiler partikulärer organischer Substanz (Gewebe von Mytilus edulis) und ein natürliches Gemisch refraktärer partikulärer organischer Substanz (Spülsaummaterial, fast ausschlieBlich Zostera marina) in ihrem Abbauverhalten beeinflussen, so daß ein beschleunigter Gesamtabbau des organischen Materials erfolgt. Das labile Material stellt einen Nahrungseintrag in das Sediment dar. Das refraktäre Material repräsentiert das sedimentäre Material, das bereits gealtert und frühdiagenetisch geprägt war. Die Bezugsgröße für das Verfahren war partikulärer organischer Kohlenstoff (POC). Es wurden drei Versuchsansätze benötigt: (1) Ein Ansatz, der nur labiles Material enthielt (labiler Einzelansatz), (2) ein Ansatz, der nur refraktares Material enthielt (refraktärer Einzelansatz) und (3) ein Gemischansatz, der labilen und refraktären partikulären organischen Kohlenstoff im Verhältnis 1:1 enthielt. Die für den labilen und den refraktären Ansatz ermittelten Abbaukurven wurden addiert (Summenkurve) und mit der Abbaukurve des Gemischansatzes, die mit 2 multipliziert wurde (Gemischkurve x 2), verglichen. Die Summenkurve dient als Bezugssituation. Mit diesem Verfahren war es möglich, eine Aussage über Änderungen im Gesamtabbau des organischen Materials zu machen. Der Vergleich der Summenkurve mit der Gemischkurve x 2 ergab für partikulären organischen Kohlenstoff, partikulären Stickstoff und aschefreies Trockengewicht keinen Unterschied. Die Hypothese, daß ein beschleunigter Gesamtabbau des organischen Materials einsetzt, wenn labiles Material mit refraktärem gemischt wird, wurde daher abgelehnt. Dieses Ergebnis schließt nicht aus, daß eine der beiden Substanzfraktionen schneller und die andere langsamer abgebaut wurde als im betreffenden Einzelansatz, so daß sich beide Effekte gerade kompensierten und der Gesamtabbau unverändert blieb. Das beschriebene Verfahren läßt sich auch auf Zeitreihen anderer Parameter anwenden. Für die gelösten anorganische Stickstoffverbindungen Ammonium, Nitrit und Nitrat ergaben sich dabei Unterschiede zwischen den Summenkurven und Gemischkurven x 2. Bei Versuchsbeginn setzten remineralisierende und nitrifizierende Aktvitäten im Gemisch der beiden Fraktionen organischer Substanz schneller ein als fOr die Summenkurve (Bezugssituation), wodurch die Ammonium- bzw. Nitrit- und Nitratkonzentration kurz nach dem Nahrungseintrag anstieg. Das Verhältnis von Ammonium zu Nitrit und Nitrat und die Summe der Ammonium-, Nitrit- und Nitratkonzentration war im Gemisch höher. Der Abbau des partikulären organischen Materials verlief stets in zwei Phasen. Während der ersten Phase dominierte der Abbau durch das Auslaugen von gelöstem, stickstoffreichem organischen Material. Dieser Vorgang war durch hohe Zerfallskonstanten des partikulären organischen Materials (labiler Ansatz und Gemischansatz ≥ 100 yr-1 ; refraktärer Ansatz: 1 - 35 yr-1) und gesteigerte Teilungsaktivität der Bakterien gekennzeichnet. Da das refraktäre Material bereits gealtert war, wirkte sich die Auslaugung im labilen und im Gemischanstz am stärksten aus. Die zweite Phase, in der ausschlieBlich mikrobieller Abbau stattfand, läßt sich durch kleinere Zerfallskonstanten charakterisieren, die für organisches Material, das nach dem Abbau der labilen Fraktion zuruckbleibt, typisch sind (0,4 - 4,4 yr-1 ). In dieser Phase blieben die Bakterienzellzahlen konstant und geringer als in der ersten Phase. Nur ein kleiner Anteil des über den gesamten Versuchszeitraum abgebaut organischen Materials wurde in bakterieller Biomasse festgelegt (Kohlenstoff: 〈 1,8%; Stickstoff: 〈 1,1%). Der größte Teil des abgebauten partikulären organischen Materiales wurde zum einen remineralisiert und zum anderen in gelöstes organisches Material umgewandelt.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Keywords: 671, SAST; Alpha spectrometry; BIGSET; Biogeochemical Fluxes of Matter and Energy in the Deep Sea; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lead-210; M33/1; M33/1_MC-33; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; Southern Arabian Sediment Trap
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 26 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Keywords: 641, CAST; Alpha spectrometry; BIGSET; Biogeochemical Fluxes of Matter and Energy in the Deep Sea; Central Arabian Sediment Trap; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lead-210; M33/1; M33/1_MC-21; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Keywords: 655, EAST; Alpha spectrometry; BIGSET; Biogeochemical Fluxes of Matter and Energy in the Deep Sea; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Eastern Arabian Sediment Trap; Lead-210; M33/1; M33/1_MC-23; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 26 data points
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  • 9
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Turnewitsch, Robert; Witte, Ursula; Graf, Gerhard (2000): Bioturbation in the abyssal Arabian Sea: influence of fauna and food supply. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47(14), 2877-2911, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00052-7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: In order to evaluate bioturbation in abyssal Arabian-Sea sediments of the Indus fan profiles of 210Pb (half-life: 22.3 yr) and 234Th (half-life: 24.1 d) were measured in cores collected during September and October 1995 and April 1997, respectively. The density and composition of epibenthic megafauna and lebensspuren were determined in vertical seafloor photographs during April 1997. Mean eddy-diffusive mixing coefficients according to the distribution of excess 210Pb ( 210Pb-DB) were 0.072±0.028, 0.068±0.055, 0.373±0.119, 0.037±0.009 and 0.079±0.119 cm**2 yr**-1 in the northern, western, central, eastern and southern abyssal Arabian sea, respectively. Mean eddy-diffusive mixing coefficients according to the distribution of excess 234Th (234Th-DB) were 0.53, 1.64 and 0.47 cm**2 yr**-1 in the northern, western and central abyssal Arabian Sea, respectively. Mobile epibenthic megafauna at the western, northern, central and southern study sites were dominated by ophiuroids, holothurians, ophiuroids and natant decapods (the respective densities were 100, 82, 29 and 6 individuals 1000 m**-2). The northern study site was characterized by a high abundance of spoke traces and fecal casts. The central site showed spoke traces and many tracks. The southern site displayed the highest abundance of spoke traces, whereas at the western site hardly any lebensspuren were observed. There is evidence for at least two functional endmember communities in the Arabian Sea. In the northwestern Arabian Sea (WAST) vertical particle displacement seems to be dominated by macrofauna and primarily eddy-diffusive. In the southern Arabian Sea (SAST) non-local and 'incidental' mixing due to spoke-trace producers might become more important and superimpose reduced eddy-diffusive mixing. With respect to biological data CAST is an intermediate location. Given the biological data, average 210Pb-DB is higher and decimeter-scale variability of 210Pb-DB smaller at CAST than expected. These findings indicate that in a mixture of both endmember communities the organisms may interact in way that increases values of biodiffusivity, as reflected by 210Pb-DB, and reduces decimeter-scale 210Pb-DB heterogeneity in comparison to the simple sum of the isolated effects of the endmembers. For time scales 〈100 years there was no evidence for a relationship between food supply (POC flux) and bioturbation intensity, as reflected by 210Pb-DB and 234Th-DB. Bioturbation intensity should be controlled primarily by the composition of the benthic fauna, its specific adaptation to the environmental setting, and the abundance of each species of the benthic community. Food supply can have only an indirect influence on bioturbation intensity. In certain parts of the ocean the a priori overall positive relationship between POC flux and biodiffusivity might include restricted intervals displaying no or even negative relations.
    Keywords: 581, NAST; 605, WAST; 641, CAST; 655, EAST; 671, SAST; BIGSET; Biogeochemical Fluxes of Matter and Energy in the Deep Sea; Central Arabian Sediment Trap; Eastern Arabian Sediment Trap; M33/1; M33/1_MC-03; M33/1_MC-09; M33/1_MC-21; M33/1_MC-23; M33/1_MC-33; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; Northern Arabian Sediment Trap; Southern Arabian Sediment Trap
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Keywords: 581, NAST; Alpha spectrometry; BIGSET; Biogeochemical Fluxes of Matter and Energy in the Deep Sea; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lead-210; M33/1; M33/1_MC-03; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 38 data points
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