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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemical ozone loss in a chemistry-climate model from 1960 to 1999
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 33, No. 15 ( 2006)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 33, No. 15 ( 2006)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006GL026939
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Will the Stratosphere Affect Climate Change?
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2007
    In:  Science Vol. 316, No. 5831 ( 2007-06-15), p. 1576-1577
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 316, No. 5831 ( 2007-06-15), p. 1576-1577
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1144303
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007
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    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Das Ozonloch und seine Ursachen
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  Chemie in unserer Zeit Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 152-168
    Details
    In: Chemie in unserer Zeit, Wiley, Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 152-168
    Abstract: Ozone in the atmosphere is one of the longest and most comprehensively observed trace gases. The pattern of its distribution in global atmospheric space is well understood, although its importance with respect to chemistry and climatology differs significantly in different altitude regions. Whilst ozone in the lower troposphere is mainly important as a source of photooxidants (such as the OH radical) and contributes to global warming via its greenhouse effect, the role of stratospheric ozone is mainly as a protective shield of the terrestrial biosphere against the short wavelength radiation of the sun. In both regions ozone has different mechanisms of formation and destruction. Ozone in the stratosphere is formed via the photochemistry of oxygen. As a result a certain concentration of ozone is establish in an oxygen‐only atmosphere. However, the appearance of anthropogenic trace gases such as N 2 O and CFCs have reduced this concentration since they have accelerated the processes of ozone destruction. The reduction of the stratospheric ozone concentration has seen its largest extent over the polar regions in winter/spring. Next to a number of gas phase reactions these reductions have been identified to be caused by surface reactions occurring on polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). As a consequence the annual extents of destruction are also dependent on the microphysical conditions (temperature, rate of particle formation) of the polar stratosphere in winter. These are in average much more favourable for destruction in the south over Antarctica compared to the north over Arctica. As a result of the Montreal Protocol for the protection of the ozone layer and the associated cease of the production of CFCs and other halogenated compounds the ozone hole is expected to close in some decades to come. The interesting question, however, is how the expected recovery of the ozone layer might be modified or even delayed by climate change, which has an opposite sign – namely a net cooling effect – in the stratosphere and hence will intensify PSC formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-2851 , 1521-3781
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.v41:3
    DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.200700418
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    VA 1120
    RVK:
    VA 3275
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Ocean to Stratosphere
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2008
    In:  Science Vol. 322, No. 5898 ( 2008-10-03), p. 53-55
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 322, No. 5898 ( 2008-10-03), p. 53-55
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1163709
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Critique of the tracer-tracer correlation technique and its potential to analyze polar ozone loss in chemistry-climate models
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 111, No. D18 ( 2006-09-29)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 111, No. D18 ( 2006-09-29)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007298
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water vapour transport in the tropical tropopause region in coupled Chemistry-Climate Models and ERA-40 reanalysis data
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2009
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2009-04-23), p. 2679-2694
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2009-04-23), p. 2679-2694
    Abstract: Abstract. In this study backward trajectories from the tropical lower stratosphere were calculated for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winters 1995–1996, 1997–1998 (El Niño) and 1998–1999 (La Niña) and summers 1996, 1997 and 1999 using both ERA-40 reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and coupled Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) data. The calculated trajectories were analysed to determine the distribution of points where individual air masses encounter the minimum temperature and thus minimum water vapour mixing ratio during their ascent through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) into the stratosphere. The geographical distribution of these dehydration points and the local conditions there determine the overall water vapour entry into the stratosphere. Results of two CCMs are presented: the ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM (hereafter: E39/C) from the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model with interactive chemistry (hereafter: FUB-CMAM-CHEM). In the FUB-CMAM-CHEM model the minimum temperatures are overestimated by about 9 K in NH winter and about 3 K in NH summer, resulting in too high water vapour entry values compared to ERA-40. However, the geographical distribution of dehydration points is fairly similar to ERA-40 for NH winter 1995–1996 and 1998–1999. The distribution of dehydration points in the boreal summer 1996 suggests an influence of the Indian monsoon upon the water vapour transport. The E39/C model displays a temperature bias of about +5 K. Hence, the minimum water vapour mixing ratios are higher relative to ERA-40. The geographical distribution of dehydration points is fairly well in NH winter 1995–1996 and 1997–1998 with respect to ERA-40. The distribution is not reproduced for the NH winter 1998–1999 (La Niña event) compared to ERA-40. There is an excessive water vapour flux through warm regions e.g. Africa in the NH winter and summer. The possible influence of the Indian monsoon on the transport is not seen in the boreal summer 1996. Further, the residence times of air parcels in the TTL were derived from the trajectory calculations. The analysis of the residence times reveals that in both CCMs residence times in the TTL are lower compared to ERA-40 and the seasonal variation is hardly present.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-2679-2009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2009
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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