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  • 2005-2009  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amphoteric behavior and precipitation of Ge dopants in InP (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4907-4915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have directly correlated the electrical behavior, the impurity lattice site location, ion damage, and the local bonding environments of Ge-dopant ions implanted into InP. We have found that after rapid thermal annealing the free electron concentration in the samples implanted at room temperature (RT) are always higher than those implanted at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT). Although the macroscopic structure seems to be insensitive to the implantation temperature, significantly more local disorder is created in the LNT implanted amorphous layers. Moreover, the amphoteric bonding structure of the Ge atoms is found to be well established already in the as-implanted amorphous InP. After high temperature annealing ((approximately-greater-than)800 °C), the Ge atoms rearrange locally with more of the Ge substituting the In site than the P site resulting in n-type conductivity. The solid solubility of Ge in the InP is measured to be ∼1.4–1.6×1020/cm3 while the free electron concentration is estimated to saturate at ∼3.4×1019/cm3. The relatively low electron concentration can be explained by Ge precipitation and the compensation of GeIn donors by GeP acceptors in the RT implanted case. The further reduction in electron concentration in the LNT implanted samples is believed to be related to the high residual damage found in these samples. The high solubility of Ge in InP can be attributed to the availability of two possible sublattice sites for the dopant and the compensation of the local strains due to the amphoteric substitution of the Ge. The concentration ratio of the GeIn to GeP determined in the heavily implanted material has been used to estimate the difference in the formation energy of Ge substituting those two different sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363533
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substitutionality of Ge atoms in ion implanted AlSb (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2406-2408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The substitution of Ge atoms into ion implanted AlSb is investigated by extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Our results reveal that in the as-implanted material, the implanted Ge atoms are equally distributed between two specific sites, one surrounded by Al atoms and the other surrounded by Sb atoms. After annealing at 750 °C for 5 s, the coordination number of the Ge atoms increases from ∼3 to ∼4 indicating solid phase regrowth of the implantation induced amorphous surface layer. Moreover, in the annealed AlSb, the substitution of Ge atoms into the Al sublattice dominates with an estimated GeAl]:[GeSb]∼0.8:0.2. These results suggest that Ge atoms act preferentially as donor species in AlSb. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113955
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High parental age is associated with sporadic hereditary retinoblastoma: the Dutch retinoblastoma register 1862–1994 (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 98 (1996), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We wished to determine the influence of parental age at the birth of a retinoblastoma patient on the risk of sporadic hereditary retinoblastoma. The parental age at birth of 941 patients of the Dutch retinoblastoma register (1862–1994) was identified and compared between sporadic hereditary and nonhereditary patients. In a subcohort (1936–1994), a comparison was made with parental age at birth in the general population, as obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Missing birth dates of the parents of retinoblastoma patients were traced with the help of the municipal registries and the Central Bureau of Genealogy. The mean paternal age was 10.7 months higher and the mean maternal age was 11.0 months higher in the sporadic hereditary retinoblastoma patients than in parents of nonhereditary patients. In the subcohort, the mean paternal and maternal ages of sporadic hereditary patients were also higher (12.4 and 11.5 months, respectively) than those of the general population. All differences were statistically significant. This study shows that a high parental age is associated with an enhanced risk of sporadic hereditary retinoblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050168
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arsenic speciation in marine organisms: from the analytical methodology to the constitution of reference materials (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 354 (1996), S. 550-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An analytical procedure for total arsenic and arsenic species quantification in marine organisms has been developed. Fresh materials are freeze-dried and reduced to powders before analysis. Arsenic is determined either by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) directly or by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) after microwave digestion. Arsenic speciation is performed on the extracted sample using liquid chromatography coupled to ICP/OES for arsenobetaine and arsenocholine determination and to the hydride generation-quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometric technique for arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids quantification. Special precautions are taken to avoid losses or contaminations as well as to prevent analytical errors during the quantification stage. Other methods are applied and the corresponding results compared for each step of the procedure. The method is finally validated by means of intercomparison studies within the Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Community (formely BCR).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663540550
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß des Alters auf die Analsphinkterfunktion bei der Frau (1996)
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 29 (1996), S. 757-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Analsphinkterfunktion der Frau nimmt mit zunehmendem Alter ab; sowohl der innere als auch der äußere Analsphinkter sind betroffen. Da die Ausgangsdruckwerte bei Frauen niedriger sind als bei Männern, Geburtsschäden am N. pudendus hinzukommen können und deren Folgen sich oft erst nach der Menopause manifestieren, betrifft die anale Inkontinenz besonders häufig alte Frauen. Als aussichtsreiche Therapie steht das Analbiofeedbacktraining zur Verfügung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001290050076
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Charakterisierung oligomeree und polymerer Ethinylsilane mit Si2—Si4-Einheiten (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 339 (1997), S. 603-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation and Characterization of Oligomeric as well as Polymeric Ethynylsilanes Containing Si2—Si4 UnitsThe treatment of methylchlorodisilanes with ethynyldigrignard (BrMgC≡CMgBr) resulted in oligomeric as well as polymeric ethynyldisilanes. The kind of this products is related to the chloro functionality of the starting disilane. The reaction of SiClMe(SiCl2Me)2 as well as SiMe(SiCl2Me)3 yielded polymers beside small amounts of the monomeric products (HC≡C)MeSi[SiMe(C≡CH)2]2 and MeSi[SiMe(C≡CH)2]3.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.199733901108
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    Changes in North Sea macrofauna communities between 1986 and 2000 (2007)
    ICES
    In:  [Paper] In: ICES Annual Science Conference 2007, 17.-21.09.2007, Helsinki, Finland .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-06
    Description: This paper is chapter 5.2 of the ICES CRR “Structure and dynamics of the North Sea benthos” (ICES 2007) compiled by the ICES Study Group on the North Sea Benthos Project 2000. The North Sea Benthos Project 2000 (NSBP) was initiated as a follow-up to the earlier 1986 ICES North Sea Benthos Survey (NSBS). One major aim of the NSBP 2000 was to compare the outcome with that of the 1986 NSBS, in order to identify any significant changes in the community structure and their likely causes. In general, the spatial distribution of the macrofaunal communities in 2000 was rather similar to that in 1986. But changes were found within communities which were addressed to changes in the hydroclimate caused by changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influencing changes in currents and sediment structure as well as food availability.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
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