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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photopolymerization of N-substituted phenyl maleimide initiated with N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: photopolymerization of N-substituted phenyl maleimides ; N,N-dimethyl-4-Toluidine ; exciplex ; radical intermediate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several N-phenyl maleimides with different p-substituents have been synthesized from the maleic anhydride and relevant aromatic amine. In the presence of N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (DMT), the N-substituted phenyl maleimide (4-XPhMIs) could be polymerized under UV irradiation. It was observed that a new absorption appeared on the UV-Vis spectrum of the mixture solution of 4-XPhMI and DMT, which reveals the formation of charge-transfer complex in the ground state. It was found that the fluorescence of DMT was quenched by 4-XPhMI and the quenching constant of 4-XPhMI, obtained from the Stern-Volmer plot, increases with the electron-deficiency of ethylene double bond of 4-XPhMI. The dynamic quenching of the fluorescence of DMT by 4-XPhMI suggests the formation of exciplex in excited state between DMT and 4-XPhMI. The radicals formed in the systems have been detected by spin-trapping techniques and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. Based on all of these results, it has been proposed that the initiation process of the polymerization involves the formation of exciplex and the initial radicals were produced by proton-transfer in the exciplex from DMT to 4-XPhMI. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electropolymerization of poly(styrene-co-4-carboxyphenyl maleimide) coatings onto steel (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1303-1312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electropolymerization can be used to produce uniform and pin-hole free coatings on surfaces of complex shapes, due to the intrinsic characteristic of the process. In this article, the electrocopolymerization behavior of 4-carboxyphenyl maleimide (4CPMI) with styrene onto a steel surface is reported. The polymerization mechanism is by free radical, as might be expected for an aqueous reaction environment. Experimental results suggest that initially a charge transfer complex forms between styrene and 4CPMI, which is much more reactive than either of the two monomers. Alternating copolymers are always obtained at low conversion, even with significant changes in the monomer feed compositions. Because of the incorporation of rigid imide rings into the copolymer backbone, the coating formed has very good thermal properties and is thus a potential candidate for high-temperature applications. Furthermore, the copolymer dielectric constant is comparable to that of commercial polyimides, making it attractive for use in electrical and electronic insulation applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Synthetic Studies Related to Perylenequinones (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Fungus pigments ; Perylenequinones, synthesis of ; Selenium dioxide oxidation ; Ullmann coupling ; Double coupling of 1,2-naphthalenediols ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two closely related routes to dimethyl 3,10-dihydro-2,11-dihydroxy-4,6,7,9-tetramethoxy-3,10-dioxo-1,12-perylenediacetate (10), one involving Ullmann phenol coupling and the other by double oxidative coupling are described. Regioselective demethylation of 10 followed by methylation or vice versa yields dimethyl 3,10-dihydro-4,9-dihydroxy-2,6,7,11-tetramethoxy-3,10-dioxo-1,12-perylenediacetate (22) which, except for its side chains, structurally resembles some of the natural perylenequinones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199319930107
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  • 4
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    Tubulin cofactor a functions as a novel positive regulator of ccRCC progression, invasion and metastasis (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Microtubules (Mts), which consist of α/β-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cancer development and metastasis. Tubulin cofactor A (TBCA) plays crucial roles in modulating tubulin folding and α/β-tubulin heterodimer polymerization. Here, we identified the aberrant expression of TBCA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) specimens as well as cell lines, and revealed the function of TBCA as a novel positive regulator in ccRCC progression, invasion, and metastasis. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays confirmed TBCA was significantly highly expressed in ccRCC specimens and cell lines compared to their corresponding normal kidney tissues and HKC. Accordingly, the influence of TBCA on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion/migration was detected through overexpression and knockdown of endogenous TBCA protein level in ccRCC cells via plasmids. Silencing of TBCA expression inhibited the proliferation of 786-O cells and Caki-1 cells and promoted the apoptosis of 786-O cells. Down-regulation of TBCA expression also reduced the invasion and migration ability of 786-O cells. Interestingly, overexpression of TBCA did not induce bio-characteristics that directly contrasted to those of TBCA knockdown. Importantly, exploration of the mechanism showed that TBCA could function via modulating cytoskeleton integration and influencing cell cycle progress. Furthermore, down-regulation of TBCA expression in 786-O and Caki-1 cells affected cytoskeleton integration and cell size, induced S/G2 cell cycle arrest, and led to cyclineA/E and CDK2 aberrant expression. By investigating novel roles of TBCA in regulation of ccRCC cell progression, invasion, and metastasis, our study identified that TBCA may be a potential molecular target for ccRCC therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Long-term oil contamination increases deterministic assembly processes in soil microbes (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-19
    Description: The mechanisms that drive microbial turnover in time and space have received considerable attention but remain unclear, especially for situations with anthropogenic perturbation. To understand the impact of long-term oil contamination on microbial spatial turnover, 100 soil samples were taken from five oil exploration fields located in different geographic regions across China. The microbial functional diversity was analyzed with a high-throughput functional gene array, GeoChip. Our results indicated that soil microbial α-diversity (richness and Shannon diversity index) decreased significantly with contamination. All contaminated and uncontaminated samples exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation between microbial community similarity and spatial distance, as described by a distance decay relationship (DDR). However, long-term oil exposure flattened the slopes of the DDRs of all of the functional genes and each functional group involved in C/N/P/S cycling, particularly of those involved in contaminant degradation. The relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in microbial assembly was determined. The decrease in microbial spatial turnover with long-term oil contamination was coupled with an increase in the proportion of deterministic processes that structured microbial assembly based on null model analysis. The results indicated long-term oil contamination significantly affects soil microbial community spatial structure by acting as an environmental filter to decrease the regional differences distinguishing soil microbial communities. # doi:10.1890/14-1672.1
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 6
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    Crystallographic studies of SarV, a global regulator from Staphylococcus aureus (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: SarV, a member of the SarA protein family, is a global transcriptional regulator which has been reported to be involved in the regulation of autolysis in Staphylococcus aureus . In this study, SarV from S. aureus was successfully cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.10 Å resolution. The crystals of SarV belonged to the monoclinic space group P 2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 36.40, b = 119.64, c = 66.80 Å, α = γ = 90, β = 98.75°. The Matthews coefficient and the solvent content were estimated to be 2.57 Å 3  Da −1 and 52%, respectively, suggesting the presence of four molecules in the asymmetric unit. The results of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicated that S. aureus SarV exists as a homodimer in solution. Unfortunately, the structure cannot be solved by molecular replacement because of the low sequence identity of S. aureus SarV to known structures. Further phase determination by selenomethionine single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) and the heavy-atom method is in progress.
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-3091
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of International Union of Crystallography (IUCr).
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  • 7
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    Super-resolution optical microscopy based on scannable cantilever-combined microsphere (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: ABSTRACT We report an ingenious method of super-resolution optical microscopy utilizing scannable cantilever-combined microsphere. By scanning the microsphere over the sample surface in a cantilever-combined microsphere-sample contact state, super-resolution images can be acquired at arbitrary sample regions through near-field information collection by the microsphere. In addition, such a state can effectively reduce the possibility of breaking the cantilever and damaging the microsphere or sample surface. This work has developed a new method and technique of sub-diffraction-limit optical microscopy, and can be practically applied in various fields of micro/nanoscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2015 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Increased precipitation and weathering across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum in central China (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-22
    Description: Global warming during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) ∼55.5 million years ago (Ma) was associated with a massive release of carbon to the ocean-atmosphere system, as evidenced by a prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) and widespread dissolution of marine carbonates. The paleohydrologic response to the PETM warming has been studied worldwide; however, relevant records of environmental perturbation in Asia are lacking so far. Here we extend the record of this event in central China, a subtropical paleosetting, through geochemical and mineralogical analyses of lacustrine sediments. Geochemical indicators of authigenic carbonates – including molar Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios – suggest an overall increased precipitation across the PETM, compatible with the disappearance of authigenic dolomite and the appearance of kaolinite in the strata. The relatively humid conditions persisted long after the carbon-cycle perturbation had stopped, implying that the transient hyper-greenhouse warming might have forced the regional climate system into a new climate state that was not easily reversed. Additionally, a gradual increase in chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the appearance of kaolinite are associated with the PETM, indicating an intensified silicate weathering and pedogenesis in the watershed in response to warmer and more humid climate. Our results corroborate the theory that an accelerated continental chemical weathering served as a negative feedback to sequester carbon and lower the atmospheric greenhouse-gas levels during the PETM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENE 5 FROM Spodoptera exigua AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS UNDER VARIOUS STRESS CONDITIONS (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Autophagy is not only involved in development, but also has been proved to attend immune response against invading pathogens. Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) is an important autophagic protein, which plays a crucial role in autophagosome elongation. Although ATG5 has been well studied in mammal, yeast, and Drosophila , little is known about ATG5 in lepidopteran insects. We cloned putative SeAtg5 gene from Spodoptera exigua larvae by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, and its characteristics and the influences of multiple exogenous factors on its expression levels were then investigated. The results showed that the putative S. exigua SeATG5 protein is highly homologous to other insect ATG5 proteins, which has a conserved Pfm domain and multiple phosphorylation sites. Next, fluorescence microscope observation showed that mCherry-SeATG5 was distributed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of Spodoptera litura Sl-HP cells and partially co-localized with BmATG6-GFP, but it almost has no significant co-localization with GFP-HaATG8. Then, the Western blot analysis demonstrated that GFP-SeATG5 conjugated with ATG12. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed that its expression levels significantly increased at the initiation of pupation and the stage of adult. In addition, the expression levels of SeAtg5 can be enhanced by the starvation, UV radiation, and infection of baculovirus and bacterium. However, the expression levels of SeAtg5 decreased at 24 h post treatments in all these treatments except in starvation. These results suggested that SeATG5 might be involved in response of S. exigua under various stress conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0739-4462
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6327
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    MicroRNA-26a suppresses angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting HGF-cmet pathway (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-22
    Description: We previously found that miR-26a could suppress tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and metastasis, in this study, we further investigated the possible roles of miR-26a in tumor angiogenesis. Down-regulation of miR-26a was found to correlate with an increased angiogenic potential of HCC. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, miR-26a was demonstrated to significantly inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in HCC cells and then suppress the promoting effects of HCC cells on in vitro proliferation, migration and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells, as well as in vivo tumor angiogenesis of HCC. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified as a target of miR-26a. HGF simulation antagonized the effects induced by miR-26a up-regulation. In contrast, silencing HGF induced the similar effects to miR-26a. We further disclosed that miR-26a exerted its antiangiogenesis function, at least in part, by inhibiting HGF- hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMet) and its downstream signaling pathway, in turn, suppressing VEGFA production in HCC cells and impairing VEGFR2-signaling in endothelial cells. HCC patients who had high miR-26a, low HGF, low VEGFA or low microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissues had a better prognosis with longer overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). In multivariate analysis, miR-26a, or in combination with HGF, was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic indicator for OS and TTR of HCC patients. Conclusion : miR-26a could suppress tumor angiogenesis of HCC through HGF-cMet signaling, and it is a new hopeful therapeutic target and prognostic marker for HCC. (H epatology 2013;)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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