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  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (1)
  • ICES CM 2012/O:07  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (2)
  • 1
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    Impact of sample pretreatment on the measured element concentrations in the bivalveArctica islandica (2011)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12 (7).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: Correlating metal to calcium (Me/Ca) ratios of marine biogenic carbonates, such as bivalve shells, to environmental parameters has led to contradictory results. Biogenic carbonates represent complex composites of organic and inorganic phases. Some elements are incorporated preferentially into organic phases, and others are incorporated into inorganic phases. Chemical sample pretreatment to remove the organic matrix prior to trace element analysis may increase the applicability of the investigated proxy relationship, though its efficiency and side effects remain questionable. We treated inorganic calcium carbonate and bivalve shell powder (Arctica islandica) with eight different chemical treatments including H2O2, NaOH, NaOCl, and acetone and analyzed the effects on (1) Me/Ca ratios (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Mn/Ca), (2) organic matter (≈N) content, and (3) mineralogical composition of the calcium carbonate. The different treatments (1) cause element and treatment specific changes of Me/Ca ratios, (2) vary in their efficiency to remove organic matter, and (3) can even alter the phase composition of the calcium carbonate (e.g., formation of Ca(OH)2 during NaOH treatment). Among all examined treatments there were none without any side effects. In addition, certain Me/Ca changes we observed upon chemical treatment contradict our expectations that lattice-bound elements (Sr and Ba) should not be affected, whereas non-lattice-bound elements (Mg and Mn) should decrease upon removal of the organic matrix. For instance, we observe that NaOCl treatment did not alter Sr/Ca ratios but caused unexpected changes of the Mg/Ca ratios. The latter demonstrates that the buildup of complex biogenic composites like the shell of Arctica islandica are still poorly understood.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2011GC003630
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    A call for hypotheses‐based benthos research in offshore windfarm environmental impact studies (2012)
    ICES CM 2012/O:07
    In:  EPIC3ICES CM 2012/O:07, ICES Annual Science Conference, Bergen, Norway, 2012-09-17-2012-09-21ICES CM 2012/O:07
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-29
    Description: Offshore windfarms are expected to affect substantially the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. Collision risks for migrating birds and noise impact on marine mammals and fish are issues of major public concern. Less charismatic organisms, however, from marine algae through to benthic invertebrates and demersal fish receive far less attention. We contend that the benthos deserves much greater attention owing to the numerous ecosystem goods and services, such as marine biodiversity and long‐term carbon storage and natural resources (e.g. for fish, birds, mammals, and finally humans), that are intimately linked to the benthic system. The installation and operation of extensive offshore windfarms in shallow shelf seas will initiate processes which are expected to affect benthic communities over various spatial and temporal scales. Extensive baseline monitoring programmes allow observations of structural changes to benthic communities, but this is a post‐hoc approach. To gain a mechanistic understanding of these processes that enables us to explain the observed changes, specific target monitoring and well‐designed experimental studies are required. In this conceptual talk we will discuss specific cause–effect relationships in the marine benthos arising from the anthropogenic activities associated with offshore windfarms. The identification of cause–effect relationships is the prerequisite for an efficient, hypothesis‐driven approach towards the disentanglement of the various effects of offshore windfarms on the marine benthos as well as on the whole ecosystem.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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    PAPER (OA)
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