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  • 1
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Metabolism of the Retinoid Ro 10-9359. Isolation and Identification of the Major Metabolites in Human Plasma, Urine and Feces Synthesis of Three Urinary MetabolitesAfter oral administration of therapeutic doses of the 3H-labelled aromatic retinoic acid analog (retinoid) Ro 10-9359 (ethyl all-trans-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoate) to humans 75 and 15% of the 3H-dose were excreted within the first five days in the feces and the urine, respectively. Using chromatographic procedures including high pressure liquid chromatography 18 metabolites could be isolated from human urine. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and FT-1H-NMR. spectroscopy. In these urinary metabolites the tetraene side chain of the parent compound Ro 10-9359 is shortened. The radioactivity of the identified urinary metabolites accounted for about 11% of the dose. Three urinary metabolites were synthesized. The main part of the radioactivity excreted within the first five days in the feces consisted of unchanged drug (60% of the dose). A smaller (amount 15% of the dose) could not be identified. The unchanged drug and a major metabolite, the corresponding acid, were found in human plasma.In an experiment with bile-duct cannulated rats the radioactively labelled retinoid Ro 10-9359 was injected intravenously. About 70% of the 3H-dose was excreted in the bile, within the first 48 hours. The whole radioactivity of the rat bile consisted of polar metabolites. No unchanged drug could be found. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the bile conjugates three metabolites were isolated. The main metabolite (49% of the i.v. dose) was a conjugate of the corresponding acid of the parent drug, already found as free compound in human plasma. The other bile metabolites (9 and 7% of the i.v. dose) had an intact side chain, too.An enterohepatic recycling of the bile metabolites was observed in the rat.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several long chain primary alcohols (saturated, monoolefinic and methyl branched) have been converted via their mesylates into various long chain alkylated aromatic compounds with basic character, and their mass spectra compared. The spectra of 2-alkylaminopyridines and to some extent those of 3-alkylaminopyridines exhibit most clearly the structure of the aliphatic chain, allowing the localization of branchings and double bonds.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: One unsaturated and three branched long-chain primary alcohols have been converted into N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones for investigation by mass spectrometry. The EI. mass spectra of these derivatives have been found to exhibit unambiguously the branching points and, albeit less clearly, the position of a double bond in the chain.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 791-796 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enehydrazines, 20: Pyrazolinium Betaines from 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine and 3-Phenylglycidic EstersEthyl trans-3-phenylglycidate and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine give the trans-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pyrazolinium betaine 1a, whereas the cis-phenylglycidic ester forms the cyclic cis-betaine 1b. Some degradation reactions are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The base catalyzed rearrangement of 9,10,10-tricyano-5,9-methano-2,3,5,9-tetrahydro-cyclohepta[b]pyridines depends on the nature of the substituent at C(14). Seven products were isolated and identified. One structure resulting from a further ring closure was determined by x-ray analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3237-3240 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Enehydrazines, 26. Heterocyclization of 1-(1,2-Dimethylhydrazino)-1-cyclohexen-3-oneThe reaction of the title compound 1 with methyl propiolate leads to the products 3a, 4a, and 5a, with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to 3b, 4b, and 5b. Spectra and structures of the products are discussed.
    Notes: Umsetzung der Titelverbindung 1 mit Propiolsäure-methylester führt zu den Produkten 3a, 4a und 5a, mit Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester zu 3b, 4b und 5b. Spektren und Konstitution der Produkte werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1977), S. 351-369 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of the catenanes functionalized in one ring by β-phenylethylaza-, aza-, acetylaza-, trideuteroacetylaza- and trifluoroacetylaza groups respectively, are compared with the spectra of correspondingly substituted macrocyclic and long chain compounds. The mass spectra of most of the catenanes investigated are distinguished by a dominant fragmentation process, which isinitiated by the interannular transfer of ahydrogen atom to the functional group. Fragmentations caused by initial rupture of one of the macrocycles are much less favoured. Apart from H-transfer, no interannular reactions could be detected. In the presence of a β-phenylethylaza substituent, the loss of the benzyl radical is so fast, however, that no fragmentation initiated by H-transfer can be detected. The comparison of the spectra of the open chain compounds with the macrocyclic and catenane compounds suggests that significant solvation of these functional groups by long aliphatic chains does not exist.
    Notes: Die Massenspektren der Catenane, die in einem der beiden Ringe durch β-Phenyläthylaza-, Aza-, Acetylaza-, Trideuterioacetylaza- oder Trifluoracetylaza-Gruppen funktionalisiert sind, werden mit den Spektren entsprechend funktionalisierter makrocyclischer und langkettiger Moleküle verglichen. Die Massenspektren der meisten untersuchten Catenane zeichnen sich durch eine dominierende Fragmentierung aus, die durch eine interannulare H-Übertragung auf die funktionelle Gruppe eingeleitet wird. Fragmentierungen, die durch Ringbrüche eingeleitet werden, treten dagegen zurück. Abgesehen von H-Übertragungen sind keine interannularen Reaktionen nachweisbar. Bei Anwesenheif, einer β-Phenyläthylaza-Gruppe erfolgt der Verlust der Benzylgruppe so rasch, daβ keine bedeutende H-Übertragungsreaktion zustande kommt. Der Vergleich der Massenspektren der offenkettigen Verbindungen einerseits mit den makrocyclischen und catenan-artigen andererseits legt die Annahme nahe, daß eine bedeutende Solvatisierung der untersuchten funktionellen Gruppen durch lange Ketten nicht vorliegt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 426 (1976), S. 281-287 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental and X-ray Investigations of the System Cu2-xAgxBaSnS4A description of the preparation, properties and the x-ray investigations of Cu2BaSnS4 (A) and Ag2BaSnS4 (B) is given. (A) crystallizes trigonal. Space group: C32-P31, a = 6.367 and c= 15.833 Å. (A) is isotypic with Cu2SrSnS4 [1]. (B) has an orthorhombic unit cell: a = 7.127, b = 8.117, c = 6.854 Å. The x-ray investigation of the system Cu2-xAgxBaSnS4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) yields a homogenity range of (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) for (A) and for (B) (1.7 〈 x ≤ 2).
    Notes: Es wird über die Darstellung, die Eigenschaften und die röntgenographische Untersuchung von Cu2BaSnS4 (A) und Ag2BaSnS4 (B) berichtet. (A) kristallisiert trigonal,  -  Raumgruppe C32-P31 mit a = 6,367 und c = 15,833 Å  -  und ist mit Cu2SrSnS4 [1] isotyp. (B) hat eine orthorhombische Elementarzelle: a = 7,127, b = 8,117 und c = 6,854 Å. Die röntgenographische Systemuntersuchung an Cu2-xAgxBaSnS4 ( o ≤ x ≤ 2) ergibt die Phasenbreite: ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,65) für (A) und für (B) (1,7 〈 〈 x ≤ 2).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-05-02
    Description: Background: KLF6-SV1 ( SV1 ), the major splice variant of KLF6 , antagonizes the KLF6 tumor suppressor by an unknown mechanism. Decreased KLF6 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) correlates with increased mortality, but the contribution of increased SV1 is unknown. We sought to define the impact of SV1 on human outcomes and experimental murine hepatocarcinogenesis, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Results: In HCV-related HCC, an increased ratio of SV1/KLF6 within the tumor was associated with more features of more advanced disease. Six months after a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), SV1 hepatocyte transgenic mice developed more histologically advanced tumors, whereas Klf6 -depleted mice developed bigger tumors compared to the Klf6 fl(+/+) control mice. Nine months after DEN, SV1 transgenic-mice with Klf6 -depletion had the greatest tumor burden. Primary mouse hepatocytes from both the SV1 transgenic animals and those with hepatocyte-specific Klf6 depletion displayed increased DNA synthesis, with an additive effect in hepatocytes harboring both SV1 over-expression and Klf6 depletion. Parallel results were obtained by viral SV1-transduction- and depletion of Klf6 through adenovirus-Cre infection of primary Klf6 fl(+/+) hepatocytes. Increased DNA synthesis was due to both enhanced cell proliferation and increased ploidy. Co-IP studies in 293T cells uncovered a direct interaction of transfected SV1 with KLF6 . Accelerated KLF6 degradation in the presence of SV1 was abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Conclusion: Increased SV1/KLF6 ratio correlates with more aggressive HCC. In mice, an increased SV1/KLF6 ratio, generated either by increasing SV1, decreasing KLF6, or both, accelerates hepatic carcinogenesis. Moreover, SV1 binds directly to KLF6 and accelerates its degradation. These findings represent a novel mechanism underlying the antagonism of tumor suppressor gene function by a splice variant of the same gene. (H EPATOLOGY 2012.)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: ABSTRACT Riffle-pool sequences are a common feature of gravel-bed rivers. However, mechanisms of their generation and maintenance are still not fully understood. In this study a monitoring approach similar to the one of Andrews (1979 and 1982) is employed. It focuses on analysing cross-sectional and longitudinal channel geometry of a large floodplain river (Vereinigte Mulde, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany) with a high temporal and spatial resolution, in order to conclude from stage-dependant morphometric changes to riffle and pool maintaining processes. In accordance with Richards (1976a), Andrews (1979 and 1982) among others, pool cross sections of the Mulde River are narrow and riffle cross sections are wide suggesting that they should rather be addressed as two general types of channel cross-sections than solely as bedforms. At high flows, riffles and pools in the study reaches changed in length and height but not in position. Pools were scoured and riffles aggraded, a development which was reversed during receding flows below the threshold of 0.4·Q bf (40% bankfull discharge). An index for the longitudinal amplitude of riffle-pool sequences, the bed undulation intensity or bedform amplitude, is introduced and proved to be highly significant as a form parameter, its first derivative as a process parameter. The process of pool scour and riffle fill is addressed as bedform maintenance or bedform accentuation. It is indicated by increasing longitudinal bed amplitudes. According to the observed dynamics of bed amplitudes, maintenance of riffle-pool sequences lags behind discharge peaks. Maximum bed amplitudes may be reached with a delay of several days after peak discharges. Increasing bed undulation intensity is interpreted to indicate bed mobility. Post-flood decrease of the bed undulation intensity indicates a retrograde phase when transport from pools to riffles has ceased and bed mobility is restricted to riffle tails and heads of pools. This type of transport behaviour is referred to as disconnected mobility. The comparison of two river reaches, one with undisturbed sediment supply, the other with sediment deficit, suggests that high bed undulation intensity values at low flows indicate sediment deficit and potentially channel degrading conditions. It is more generally hypothesised that channel bed undulations constitute a major component of form roughness and that increased bed amplitudes are an important feature of channel bed adjustment to sediment deficit be it temporally during late floods or permanently due to a supply limitation of bedload. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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