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  • Articles  (5)
  • Hypertension  (3)
  • Renal transport system  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Heart Association (AHA)
  • Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • Oxford University Press
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  • Articles  (5)
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  • Springer  (5)
  • American Heart Association (AHA)
  • Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • Oxford University Press
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Mean arterial blood pressure ; Heart rate ; Renal transport system ; Mittlerer arterieller Blutdruck ; Herzfrequenz ; Renales Transportsystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der narkotisierten vagotomierten Ratte wurde über 2 Std die Wirkung von intraperitoneal injiziertem Guancydin auf den mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck und die Herzfrequenz beobachtet. Hier konnte ein dosisabhängiger blutdruck- und frequenzsenkender Effekt nachgewiesen werden. Nephrektomierte Tiere oder Tiere mit doppelseitiger Ureterligatur und ureteroabdomineller Fistel sowie Tiere, die mit Probenecid vorbehandelt waren, zeigten im Vergleich zu den Normaltieren eine deutlich stärkere Ansprechbarkeit auf die gleiche Guancydindosis. 2 Std nach der Guancydingabe konnte zwischen den Blutdruckwerten der vorbehandelten Kollektive und dem mittleren Druckwert des Normalkollektivs eine hochsignifikante Differenz ermittelt werden (p〈0,001). Aus diesen Befunden wird gefolgert, daß Guancydin rasch durch die Nieren ausgeschieden wird und daß auf Grund der deutlichen Potenzierung der Guancydinwirkung durch Probenecid eine aktive Ausscheidung des Antihypertensivums in der Niere wahrscheinlich ist.
    Notes: Summary In anesthetized and vagotomized rats the effect of intraperitoneally injected guancydine on the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate was observed over a time of 2 hrs. A dose-dependent hypotensive and heart rate lowering effect could be recorded. Nephrectomized animals or animals with bilateral ureteral ligature and ureteroabdominal fistula and animals, which were pretreated with probenecid, showed a significantly increased sensitivity to guancydine compared to the normal rats. 2 hrs after application of guancydine a highly significant difference could be observed between the mean blood pressure of the pretreated and the normal animals (p〈0.001). These results suggest, that guancydine is rapidly excreted through the kidneys, and that the secretion of this antihypertensive agent is an active process.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Mean arterial blood pressure ; Heart rate ; Renal transport system ; Mittlerer arterieller Blutdruck ; Herzfrequenz ; Renales ; Transportsystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Ratten, die mit Furosemid oder Mefrusid vorbehandelt worden waren, wurde über einen Zeitraum von 2 Std die Wirkung von intraperitoneal injiziertem Guancydin (25 mg/kg) auf den mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck und die Herzfrequenz beobachtet. Im Vergleich zu nichtvorbehandelten Tieren konnte eine deutliche Potenzierung der blutdruck- und herzfrequenzreduzierenden Guancydinwirkung nachgewiesen werden. Der Effekt war dosisabhängig, da 2 Std nach der Guancydingabe die mit 25 mg/kg Furosemid oder 50 mg/kg Mefrusid vorbehandelten Tiere einen signifikant niedrigeren Blutdruck aufwiesen als diejenigen, die vorher 12,5 mg/kg Furosemid oder 25 mg/kg Mefrusid erhalten hatten (p〈0,01). Es konnte wahrscheinlich gemacht werden, daß die Ursache für diesen Effekt weniger in einer diuretikumbedingten Veränderung des Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalts als darin liegt, daß Furosemid, Mefrusid und Guancydin über dasselbe renale Transportsystem ausgeschieden werden. Als Ausdruck einer Konkurrenz der Substanzen um dieses Transportsystem kam es möglicherweise zu einer Verzögerung der Guancydinausscheidung und somit zu einer verstärkten Wirkung des Antihypertensivums auf den Blutdruck und die Herzfrequenz. Diese Auslegung der Ergebnisse wird außerdem dadurch bestätigt, daß in weiteren Versuchen der diuretische und natriuretische Furosemideffekt durch Vorbehandlung mit Guancydin signifikant herabgesetzt werden konnte (p〈0,01). Dieser Effekt war gleichfalls dosisabhängig.
    Notes: Summary In rats, which were treated, with furosemide and mefruside, the effect of intraperitoneally injected guancydine (25 mg/kg) on the mean arterial blood pressure and the heart rate was studied over a period of 2 hrs. In comparison with, normal animals, a significant potentiation of the depressant effect of guancydine on heart rate and blood pressure was observed. This effect was dose dependent, since the animals, which were pretreated with 25 mg/kg furosemide or 50 mg/kg mefruside, showed a significantly lower blood pressure than rats, which received 12,5 mg/kg furosemide or 25 mg/kg mefruside (p〈0.01). It is suggested, that the causes of these effects were not the saluretic-induced alterations of the water and electrolyte balance but the fact, that furosemide, mefruside and guancydine are excreted by the same renal transport system. These findings were strongly supported by the fact, that in other experiments pretreatment with guancydine significantly lowered the diuretic and natriuretic action of furosemide (p〈0.01). This effect was also dose dependent.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Na+/H+ antiport ; Hypertension ; Diabetic nephropathy ; Hereditary factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may depend on factors other than the quality of diabetes control. Hypertension is an additional factor associated with a high degree of renal involvement in IDDM. One abnormality consistantly observed in various tissues of patients with essential hypertension is enhanced activity of the Na+/H+ antiport. In the present study we have therefore studied platelet antiport activity in 41 healthy subjects (control), in 22 patients with untreated essential hypertension (EH), and in 35 normotensive IDDM patients (type 1). Of these patients 17 exhibited signs of diabetic nephropathy (group 1) while 18 had no evidence for renal involvement of IDDM in spite of a duration of IDDM of at least 10 years (group 2). The two IDDM patient groups were undistinguishable with respect to age, body mass index, and arterial blood pressure (group 1, 117.9±2.4/78.4±1.5 mmHg; group 2, 113.9±3.6/76.1±1.8 mmHg). Antiporter activity was determined from the rate of cell volume changes induced by propionic acid. Platelet Na+/H+ exchange activity averaged 23.43±0.43 10−3·s−1 in control subjects and was markedly elevated in EH (28.38±0.62 10−3·s−1 P〈0.01). Antiport activity in group 2 patients without nephropathy averaged 24.54±0.57 10−3·s−1 and was undistinguishable from the control group. However, platelet Na+/H+ antiport activity was significantly stimulated in group 1 patients with nephropathy as compared to group 2(26.95±0.73 10−3. s−1 ; P〈0.025). Our results show that renal involvement in IDDM is associated with enhanced activity of the platelet Na+/H+ antiport.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 944-950 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Low density lipoprotein ; Apo B ; Cholesterol ; Very low density lipoprotein ; Triglycerides ; Lipoprotein (a)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In recent years there have been many studies demonstrating a correlation between increased arterial blood pressure and altered lipid profiles, and there has been an especially positive correlation between high cholesterol levels and blood pressure. There are differences between the various reports that are important. In our study the lipid distribution in 105 hypertensive patients with mild or moderate arterial hypertension according to WHO criteria without clinically or ultrasonographically apparent atherosclerosis was compared to the lipid distribution in 65 age-matched healthy persons. On the epidemiological level a significant, positive association was found between LDL serum levels (P ≤ 0.001), Apo B serum levels (P ≤ 0.001), serum triglyceride levels (P ≤ 0.05) and VLDL serum levels (P ≤ 0.01) and arterial hypertension. However, in contrast to recent reports, no significant difference was found between total serum cholesterol levels in normotensives and hypertensives, and there was no difference in HDL serum levels. No evidence could be found for a significant increase in lipoprotein (a) serum levels in hypertensives.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nitrendipine ; Bisoprolol ; Hypertension ; self-measured blood pressure ; diurnal variation ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a single morning dose of either 10 mg bisoprolol (n=26) or 20 mg nitrendipine (n=27) were investigated. Blood pressure was measured by three techniques: (1) Casual blood pressure 24 h after the dose; (2) ambulatory 24-h whole-day monitoring; and (3) self-recorded blood pressure in the morning 24 h after the dose (6–8 a.m.) and in the evening (6–8 p.m.). After 4 weeks of therapy bisoprolol had produced a highly significant reduction in blood pressure as assessed by casual, ambulatory day- and night-time monitoring, and self-measured morning and evening readings. Bisoprolol was significantly more effective than nitrendipine, which did not induce a significant reduction in the ambulatory night-time recordings. Whole-day ambulatory blood pressure profiles showed an antihypertensive effect of bisoprolol throughout the entire 24-h period. 24-h blood pressure curves after nitrendipine demonstrated a markedly shorter duration of action, with no reduction in early morning blood pressure. Adverse effects and tolerability of the two drugs were comparable. The average changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after bisoprolol and nitrendipine in 2-h periods of ambulatory monitoring (6–8 a.m. and 6–8 p.m.) and self-measured blood pressure (6–8 a.m. and 6–8 p.m.) showed a good agreement between ambulatory and self-measured blood pressure determinations with no significant difference between the methods. The results show that 24 h antihypertensive efficacy was more pronounced for bisoprolol than for nitrendipine at the doses studied. Further, self-measured blood pressures at home were suitable for accurate estimation of the 12-h and 24-h antihypertensive efficacy of the two drugs. The methodological findings of this study have important implications for further pharmacological trials investigating the duration of action of antihypertensive drugs.
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