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  • 2015-2019  (738)
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  • 1
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    A large randomised controlled intervention trial to prevent gastric cancer by eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Linqu County, China: baseline results and factors affecting the eradication (2015)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    In: Gut
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Objective To clarify the full range of benefits and adverse consequences of Helicobacter pylori eradication as a strategy for gastric cancer prevention, the community-based intervention trial was launched in Linqu County, China. Design A total of 184 786 residents aged 25–54 years were enrolled in this trial and received 13 C-urea breath test. H. pylori positive participants were assigned into two groups, either receiving a 10-day quadruple anti- H. pylori treatment or lookalike placebos together with a single dosage of omeprazole and bismuth. Results The prevalence of H. pylori in trial participants was 57.6%. A total of 94 101 subjects completed the treatment. The overall H. pylori eradication rate was 72.9% in the active group. Gender, body mass index, history of stomach disease, baseline delta over baseline-value of 13 C-urea breath test, missed medication doses, smoking and drinking were independent predictors of eradication failure. The missed doses and high baseline delta over baseline-value were important contributors in men and women (all P trend 〈0.001). However, a dose-response relationship between failure rate and smoking or drinking index was found in men (all P trend 〈0.001), while high body mass index (P trend 〈0.001) and history of stomach disease were significant predictors in women. The treatment failure rate increased up to 48.8% (OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.24 to 3.68) in men and 39.4% (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.42) in women with multiple factors combined. Conclusions This large community-based intervention trial to eradicate H. pylori is feasible and acceptable. The findings of this trial lead to a distinct evaluation of factors influencing eradication that should be generally considered for future eradication therapies. Trial registration number ChiCTR-TRC-10000979 in accordance with WHO ICTRP requirements.
    Keywords: Editor's choice, Stomach and duodenum, Pancreatic cancer
    Print ISSN: 0017-5749
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-3288
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 2
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    Time Variations in Ocean Bottom Pressure from a Few Hours to Many Years: In Situ Data, Numerical Models, and GRACE Satellite Gravimetry (2018)
    AGU
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, AGU, 123(8), pp. 5612-5623, ISSN: 2169-9275
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-04
    Description: In situ ocean bottom pressure (OBP) obtained from 154 different locations irregularly scattered over the globe is carefully processed to isolate signals related to the ocean general circulation and large‐scale sea level changes. Comparison against a global numerical ocean model experiment indicates poor correspondence for periods below 24 hr, possibly related to residual tidal signals and small timing errors in the atmospheric forcing applied to the ocean model. Correspondence increases rapidly for periods between 3 and 10 days, where wind‐driven dynamics are already well understood and consequently well implemented into numerical models. Coherence decreases again for periods around 30 days and longer, where processes not implemented into ocean general circulation models as barystatic sea level changes become more important. Correspondence between in situ data and satellite‐based OBP as obtained from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) German Research Centre for Geosciences RL05a gravity fields critically depends on the postprocessing of Level‐2 Stokes coefficients that also includes the selection of appropriate averaging regions for the GRACE‐based mass anomalies. The assessment of other available GRACE Level‐2 products indicates even better fit of more recent solutions as ITSG‐Grace2016 and the Center for Space Research and Jet Propulsion Laboratory RL05 mascons. In view of the strong high‐frequency component of OBP, however, a higher temporal resolution of the oceanic GRACE products would be rather advantageous.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14 000 human and animal case reports (2015)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.35 (2015) p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: Pathology to vertebrate hosts has emerged repeatedly in the order Ophiostomatales. Occasional infections have been observed in Sporothrix mexicana at a low level of virulence, while the main pathogenic species cluster in a derived clade around S. schenckii s.str. In this paper, phylogeny and epidemiology of the members of this clade were investigated for 99 clinical and 36 environmental strains using four genetic loci, viz. rDNA ITS and partial CAL, TEF1, and TEF3; data are compared with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping. The four main species of the pathogenic clade were recognised. The species proved to show high degrees of endemicity, which enabled interpretation of literature data where live material or genetic information is lacking. The clade of four species comprised nine subclusters, which often had limited geographic distribution and were separate from each other in all partitions, suggesting low degrees of interbreeding between populations. In contrast, S. globosa exhibited consistent global distribution of identical AFLP types, suggesting another type of dispersal. Sporothrix brasiliensis is known to be involved in an expanding zoonosis and transmitted by cats, whereas S. globosa infections originated from putrid plant material, causing a sapronosis. Sporothrix schenckii s.str., the most variable species within the clade, also had a plant origin, with ecological similarities to that of S. globosa. A hypothesis was put forward that highly specific conditions in the plant material are required to promote the growth of Sporothrix. Fermented, self-heated plant debris may stimulate the thermodependent yeast-like invasive form of the fungus, which facilitates repeated infection of mammals.
    Keywords: epidemiology ; historical biogeography ; phylogeny ; sapronosis ; Sporothrix ; sporotrichosis ; transmission routes ; yeast conversion ; zoonosis
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14 000 human and animal case reports (2015)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 35, pp. 1-20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Pathology to vertebrate hosts has emerged repeatedly in the order Ophiostomatales. Occasional infections have been observed in Sporothrix mexicana at a low level of virulence, while the main pathogenic species cluster in a derived clade around S. schenckii s.str. In this paper, phylogeny and epidemiology of the members of this clade were investigated for 99 clinical and 36 environmental strains using four genetic loci, viz. rDNA ITS and partial CAL, TEF1, and TEF3; data are compared with ampli\xef\xac\x81ed fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping. The four main species of the pathogenic clade were recognised. The species proved to show high degrees of endemicity, which enabled interpretation of literature data where live material or genetic information is lacking. The clade of four species comprised nine subclusters, which often had limited geographic distribution and were separate from each other in all partitions, suggesting low degrees of interbreeding between populations. In contrast, S. globosa exhibited consistent global distribution of identical AFLP types, suggesting another type of dispersal. Sporothrix brasiliensis is known to be involved in an expanding zoonosis and transmitted by cats, whereas S. globosa infections originated from putrid plant material, causing a sapronosis. Sporothrix schenckii s.str., the most variable species within the clade, also had a plant origin, with ecological similarities to that of S. globosa. A hypothesis was put forward that highly speci\xef\xac\x81c conditions in the plant material are required to promote the growth of Sporothrix. Fermented, self-heated plant debris may stimulate the thermodependent yeast-like invasive form of the fungus, which facilitates repeated infection of mammals.
    Keywords: epidemiology ; historical biogeography ; phylogeny ; sapronosis ; Sporothrix ; sporotrichosis ; transmission routes ; yeast conversion ; zoonosis
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Final overall survival results from a randomised, phase III study of erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment of EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802) (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-28
    Description: Background The OPTIMAL study was the first study to compare efficacy and tolerability of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib, versus standard chemotherapy in first-line treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Findings from final overall survival (OS) analysis and assessment of post-study treatment impact are presented. Patients and methods Of 165 randomised patients, 82 received erlotinib and 72 gemcitabine plus carboplatin. Final OS analyses were conducted when 70% of deaths had occurred in the intent-to-treat population. Subgroup OS was analysed by Cox proportional hazards model and included randomisation stratification factors and post-study treatments. Results Median OS was similar between the erlotinib (22.8 months) and chemotherapy (27.2 months) arms with no significant between-group differences in the overall population [hazard ratio (HR), 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–1.71; P = 0.2663], the exon 19 deletion subpopulation (HR, 1.52; 95% CI 0.91–2.52; P = 0.1037) or the exon 21 L858 mutation subpopulation (HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.55–1.54; P = 0.7392). More patients in the erlotinib arm versus the chemotherapy arm did not receive any post-study treatment (36.6% versus 22.2%). Patients who received sequential combination of EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy had significantly improved OS compared with those who received EGFR-TKI or chemotherapy only (29.7 versus 20.7 or 11.2 months, respectively; P 〈 0.0001). OS was significantly shorter in patients who did not receive post-study treatments compared with those who received subsequent treatments in both arms. Conclusion The significant OS benefit observed in patients treated with EGFR-TKI emphasises its contribution to improving survival of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients, suggesting that erlotinib should be considered standard first-line treatment of EGFR mutant patients and EGFR-TKI treatment following first-line therapy also brings significant benefits to those patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00874419.
    Print ISSN: 0923-7534
    Electronic ISSN: 1569-8041
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Effects of Environmental and Management-Associated Factors on Prevalence and Diversity of Streptococcus suis in Clinically Healthy Pig Herds in China and the United Kingdom [Public and Environmental Health Microbiology] (2018)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
    Description: Streptococcus suis , a global zoonosis of pigs, shows regional differences in the prevalence of human-associated disease for Asian and non-Asian countries. The isolation rates and diversities of S. suis on tonsils of healthy slaughter pigs in China and the United Kingdom were studied for effects of geography, temperature, pig age, and farm type. Isolates underwent analysis of molecular serotype and multilocus sequence type and virulence-associated genotyping. Although we found no significant difference in positive isolation rates between Chinese and UK farms, the prevalences of serotypes previously associated with human disease were significantly greater in the Chinese collection ( P = 0.003). A significant effect of temperature was found on the positive isolation rate of the Chinese samples and the prevalence of human disease-associated serotypes in the UK S. suis population (China, P = 0.004; United Kingdom, P = 0.024) and on the prevalence of isolates carrying key virulence genes in China ( P = 0.044). Finally, we found marked diversity among S. suis isolates, with statistically significant temperature effects on detection of multiple strain types within individual pigs. This study highlighted the high carriage prevalence and diversity of S. suis among clinically healthy pig herds of China and the United Kingdom. The significant effect of temperature on prevalence of isolation, human disease-associated serotypes, and diversity carried by individual pigs may shed new light on geographic variations in human S. suis -associated disease. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis is a global zoonotic pathogen and also a normal colonizer mainly carried on the tonsil of pigs. Thus, it is important to study the effect of environmental and management-associated factors on the S. suis populations in clinically healthy pigs. In this research, we investigated the similarities and differences between the S. suis populations obtained from different pig ages, seasons, and farm management systems and discovered the relationship between high climatic temperature and the prevalence of S. suis .
    Print ISSN: 0099-2240
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5336
    Topics: Biology
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 7
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    Discovery and Analysis of Invertebrate IgVJ-C2 Structure from Amphioxus Provides Insight into the Evolution of the Ig Superfamily [MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY] (2018)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-10
    Description: The emergence of adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates depended on the appearance of variable immune receptors, BCRs and TCRs, which exhibit variable-J–constant (V J -C)–type Ig superfamily folds. Hitherto, however, the structures of IgV-J-IgC–type molecules had never been characterized in invertebrates, leaving the origin of BCR/TCR-type molecules unknown. Using x-ray crystallography, the structure of a V J -C2 molecule, named AmpIgV J -C2, was determined in amphioxus ( Branchiostoma floridae ). The first domain shows typical V folding, including the hydrophobic core, CDR analogs, and eight conserved residues. The second domain is a C2-type Ig superfamily domain, as defined by its short length and the absence of β-strand D- and C1-typical motifs. AmpIgV J -C2 molecules form homodimers, using "three-layer packing dimerization," as described for TCRs and BCRs. The AmpIgV J -C2 V domain harbors a diglycine motif in β-strand G and forms a β-bulge structure participating in V–V intermolecular interaction. By immunohistochemistry, AmpIgV J -C2 molecules were primarily found in mucosal tissues, whereas PCR and sequence analysis indicated considerable genetic variation at the single-gene level; these findings would be consistent with an immune function and a basic ability to adapt to binding different immune targets. Our results show a BCR/TCR-ancestral like molecule in amphioxus and help us to understand the evolution of the adaptive immune system.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 8
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    The Superimposed Deubiquitination Effect of OTULIN and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Nsp11 Promotes Multiplication of PRRSV [Virus-Cell Interactions] (2018)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-14
    Description: Linear ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response by regulating nuclear factor B (NF-B). The linear ubiquitination-specific deubiquitinase ovarian tumor domain deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity (OTULIN) can control the immune signaling transduction pathway by restricting the Met1-linked ubiquitination process. In our study, the porcine OTLLIN gene was cloned and deubiquitin functions were detected in a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infected-cell model. PRRSV infection promotes the expression of the OTULIN gene; in turn, overexpression of OTULIN contributes to PRRSV proliferation. There is negative regulation of innate immunity with OTULIN during viral infection. The cooperative effects of swine OTULIN and PRRSV Nsp11 potentiate the ability to reduce levels of cellular protein ubiquitin associated with innate immunity. Importantly, PRRSV Nsp11 recruits OTULIN through a nonenzymatic combination to enhance its ability to remove linear ubiquitination targeting NEMO, resulting in a superimposed effect that inhibits the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Our report presents a new model of virus utilization of the ubiquitin-protease system in vivo from the perspective of the viral proteins that interact with cell deubiquitination enzymes, providing new ideas for prevention and control of PRRSV. IMPORTANCE Deubiquitination effects of swine OTULIN were identified. The interaction between porcine OTULIN and PRRSV Nsp11 is dependent on the OTU domain. PRRSV Nsp11 recruits OTULIN through a nonenzymatic combination to promote removal of linear ubiquitination targeting NEMO, resulting in a superimposed effect that inhibits the production of type I IFNs.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 9
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    Ezh2 regulates NK cell development and function [Immunology and Inflammation] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-30
    Description: Changes of histone modification status at critical lineage-specifying gene loci in multipotent precursors can influence cell fate commitment. The contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to natural killer (NK) cell lineage determination from common lymphoid precursors is not understood. Here we investigate the impact of histone methylation repressive marks (H3 Lys27...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    RNALocate: a resource for RNA subcellular localizations (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-05
    Description: Increasing evidence has revealed that RNA subcellular localization is a very important feature for deeply understanding RNA's biological functions after being transported into intra- or extra-cellular regions. RNALocate is a web-accessible database that aims to provide a high-quality RNA subcellular localization resource and facilitate future researches on RNA function or structure. The current version of RNALocate documents more than 37 700 manually curated RNA subcellular localization entries with experimental evidence, involving more than 21 800 RNAs with 42 subcellular localizations in 65 species, mainly including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae etc. Besides, RNA homology, sequence and interaction data have also been integrated into RNALocate. Users can access these data through online search, browse, blast and visualization tools. In conclusion, RNALocate will be of help in elucidating the entirety of RNA subcellular localization, and developing new prediction methods. The database is available at http://www.rna-society.org/rnalocate/ .
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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