Beschreibung: In the context of global warming, the present study aimed to identify at which stages the embryos of the holobenthic species Octopus maya are the most sensitive to temperature. We used temperature as a tool to induce minimum (TIMR-min: 11°C) and maximum metabolic rates (TIMR-max: 30°C) on embryos that came from three wild females caught off Sisal harbor (21°10'N, 90°02'W; Yucatán, Mexico) in March 2016. Higher metabolic rate values were recorded at stages XV and XVI, when the three hearts start beating, compared to stage X, when organogenesis begins. The factorial metabolic scope (FMS = TIMR-max ? TIMR-min) was higher at stages XV and XVI than the more mature stages, establishing stage XVII as the most vulnerable. High temperature exposure applied only during the earliest developmental stages (until stage XV) could have adaptive advantages if spawning occurs during hot waves in tropical coastal zones where the embryos are incubated or used for aquaculture purposes by shortening the time before hatching without physiological costs.

Beschreibung: The damselfish Neopomacentrus cyanomos were collected twice under an oil-loading platform 1.5 km from the Cayo Arcas reef (20.21°N, −91.98°W), in August 2016 (n = 16) and August 2017 (n = 30). All fish sampled in August 2016 were submitted to an acute-thermal-decline protocol (−4 °C over a period of 1 h, and maintaining the temperature for 23 h), while the ones collected in August were acclimated 45 days at 18, 20, 22, and 26 °C. Finally, half of the acclimated fish were submitted to a high temperature challenge to assess the effect of cold thermal acclimation on heat tolerance scope. Data of routine metabolic rates, blood metabolites and biochemical stress indicators from each fish are provided in this data set.

Beschreibung: ABSTRACT The lack of breast cancer screening in low and middle-income countries results in later stage diagnosis and worsened outcomes for women. A cluster randomized trial was performed in Bogotá, Colombia between 2008-2012 to evaluate effects of opportunistic breast cancer screening. Thirteen clinics were randomized to an intervention arm and 13 to a control arm. Physicians in intervention clinics were instructed to perform clinical breast examination on all women aged 50-69 years attending clinics for non-breast health issues, and then refer them for mammographic screening. Physicians in control clinics were not explicitly instructed to perform breast screening or mammography referrals, but could do so if they thought it indicated (‘usual care'). Women were followed for 2-years post-randomization. 7436 women were enrolled and 7419 (99.8%) screened in intervention clinics, vs. 8419 enrolled and 1,108 (13.1%) screened in control clinics. Incidence ratios (IR) of early, advanced and all breast cancers were 2.9 (95% CI 1.1-9.2), 1.0 (0.3-3.5) and 1.9 (0.9-4.1) in the first (screening) year of the trial, and the cumulative IR for all breast cancers converged to 1.4 (0.7-2.8) by the end of follow-up (year 2). Eighteen (69.2%) of 26 women with early stage disease had breast conservation surgery (BCS) vs. 6 (42.5%) of 14 women with late-stage disease (p=0.02). Fifteen (68.2%) of 22 women with breast cancer in the intervention group had BCS vs. 9 (50.0%) of 18 women in the control group (p=0.34). Well-designed opportunistic clinic-based breast cancer screening programs may be useful for early breast cancer detection in LMICs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Beschreibung: Although the mental health problems of college students have been the subject of increasing research, there are no studies about its prevalence in Ecuadorian college students. The aim of this study was to determine the mental health problems and their associated factors in Ecuadorian freshmen university students. A sample of 1092 students (53.7% women; mean age = 18.3 years) were recruited from the Technical Particular University of Loja (Ecuador). Socio-demographic, academic, and clinical characteristics were gathered, as well as information on the participants’ mental health through a number of mental health screens. Prevalence of positive screens was 6.2% for prevalence of major depressive episodes, 0.02% for generalized anxiety disorders, 2.2% for panic disorders, 32.0% for eating disorders, 13.1% for suicidal risk. Mental health problems were significantly associated with sex, area of study, self-esteem, social support, personality and histories of mental health problems. The findings offer a starting point for identifying useful factors to target prevention and intervention strategies aimed at university students.

Beschreibung: Reservoir trophic state is controlled by light and nutrient availability, as well as by hydraulic management and stratification pattern. In arid zone reservoirs, the inflow and outflow discharges have extreme seasonal variations which produce well-defined cycles of filling and draining. Moreover, since stratification often occurs, epilimnion and hypolimnion renewal rates may vary producing different environmental conditions throughout the water column. These variation patterns may affect phytoplankton growth at both temporal and spatial scales. For two hydrological years, we analyzed the influence of light climate, nutrients, residence time (Tw), and stratification on phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll- a [Chl- a ]) in an irrigation reservoir (276 hm 3 ) in the arid central Andes in Argentina (33°S). The reservoir was turbid ( Z Secchi : 1.4 m) with relatively high levels of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus (60 μgP L −1 and 560 μgN L −1 , respectively). Stratification occurred from mid-spring to late-summer, when hypolimnetic oxygen and pH decreased whereas dissolved nutrients increased. The reservoir was mesotrophic (Chl- a : 4.6–10.8 μg L −1 ) and showed two semi-annual peaks of Chl- a (summer and winter). Depending on the water column circulation, Chl- a was directly related to Tw for 60 〉 Tw 〉 200 and inversely to ammonia, during mixing and stratification periods, respectively. Phytoplankton development was strongly influenced by the seasonal variations of inflow/outflow and stratification. Chl- a peaked in summer, when inflow plunged into the hypolimnion of the stratified reservoir and in the warm and mixed epilimnion algae proliferated until nutrients depletion. Alternatively, the winter Chl- a maximum is likely to be produced by the higher concentration of nutrients combined with the turbulent mixing in the water column which acts as a mechanism that helps to overcome light-limitation. Since stratification modifies the vertical distribution of Tw, the use of a single annual value of this hydraulic parameter to assess its effect on the reservoir trophic state results inadequate. This paper constitutes the first description of hydrologic effects on Chl- a dynamics in a reservoir in arid central western Argentina.

Beschreibung: Exploring scenarios of chikungunya mitigation with a data-driven agent-based model of the 2014–2016 outbreak in Colombia Exploring scenarios of chikungunya mitigation with a data-driven agent-based model of the 2014–2016 outbreak in Colombia, Published online: 15 August 2018; doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30647-8 Exploring scenarios of chikungunya mitigation with a data-driven agent-based model of the 2014–2016 outbreak in Colombia

Beschreibung: Considering that swim-flume or chasing methods fail in the estimation of maximum metabolic rate and in the estimation of Aerobic Scope (AS) of sedentary or sluggish aquatic ectotherms, we propose a novel conceptual approach in which high metabolic rates can be obtained through stimulation of organism metabolic activity using high and low non-lethal temperatures that induce high (HMR) and low metabolic rates (LMR), This method was defined as TIMR: Temperature Induced Metabolic Rate, designed to obtain an aerobic power budget based on temperature-induced metabolic scope which may mirror thermal metabolic scope (TMS = HMR—LMR). Prior to use, the researcher should know the critical thermal maximum (CT max) and minimum (CT min) of animals, and calculate temperature TIMR max (at temperatures −5–10% below CT max) and TIMR min (at temperatures +5–10% above CT min), or choose a high and low non-lethal temperature that provoke a higher and lower metabolic rate than observed in routine conditions. Two sets of experiments were carried out. The first compared swim-flume open respirometry and the TIMR protocol using Centropomus undecimalis (snook), an endurance swimmer, acclimated at different temperatures. Results showed that independent of the method used and of the magnitude of the metabolic response, a similar relationship between maximum metabolic budget and acclimation temperature was observed, demonstrating that the TIMR method allows the identification of TMS. The second evaluated the effect of acclimation temperature in snook, semi-sedentary yellow tail (Ocyurus chrysurus), and sedentary clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris), using TIMR and the chasing method. Both methods produced similar maximum metabolic rates in snook and yellowtail fish, but strong differences became visible in clownfish. In clownfish, the TIMR method led to a significantly higher TMS than the chasing method indicating that chasing may not fully exploit the aerobic power budget in sedentary species. Thus, the TIMR method provides an alternative way to estimate the difference between high and low metabolic activity under different acclimation conditions that, although not equivalent to AS may allow the standardized estimation of TMS that is relevant for sedentary species where measurement of AS via maximal swimming is inappropriate.