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  • 2015-2019  (24)
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  • 1
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    Southern Hemisphere anticyclonic circulation drives oceanic and climatic conditions in late Holocene southernmost Africa (2017)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 13(6), pp. 649-665, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Description: Due to the high sensitivity of southern Africa to climate change, a reliable understanding of its hydrological system is crucial. Recent studies of the regional climatic system have revealed a highly complex interplay of forcing factors on precipitation regimes. This includes the influence of the tropical easterlies, the strength of the southern hemispheric westerlies as well as sea surface temperatures along the coast of the subcontinent. However, very few marine records have been available in order to study the coupling of marine and atmospheric circulation systems. Here we present results from a marine sediment core, recovered in shallow waters off the Gouritz River mouth on the south coast of South Africa. Core GeoB18308-1 allows a closer view of the last ∼4 kyr. Climate sensitive organic proxies, like the distribution and isotopic composition of plant-wax lipids as well as indicators for sea surface temperatures and soil input, give information on oceanographic and hydrologic changes during the recorded time period. Moreover, the micropaleontology, mineralogical and elemental composition of the sediments reflect the variability of the terrigenous input to the core site. The combination of down-core sediment signatures and a catchment-wide provenance study indicate that the Little Ice Age (∼300–650 cal yr BP) was characterized by climatic conditions favorable to torrential flood events. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (∼950–650 cal yr BP) is expressed by lower sea surface temperatures in the Mossel Bay area and humid conditions in the Gouritz River catchment. These new results suggest that the coincidence of humid conditions and cooler sea surface temperatures along the south coast of South Africa resulted from a strengthened and more southerly anticyclonic circulation. Most probably, the transport of moisture from the Indian Ocean by strong subtropical easterlies was coupled with Agulhas Bank upwelling pulses, which were initiated by an increase in Agulhas Current strength.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Palynology of marine sediment core SBQW4, Saldanha Bay (South Africa), early Miocene (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Neumann, Frank Harald; Roberts, David; Cawthra, Hayley C; Carr, Andrew S; Scott, Louis; Durugbo, Ernest; Humphries, Marc; Cowling, Richard; Bamford, Marion; Musekiwa, Chiedza; Machutchon, Michael (2017): Palaeoenvironments during a terminal Oligocene or early Miocene transgression in a fluvial system at the southwestern tip of Africa. Global and Planetary Change, 150, 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.01.007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Description: A multi-proxy study of an offshore core in Saldanha Bay (South Africa) provides new insights into fluvial deposition, ecosystems, phytogeography and sea-level history during the late Paleogene-early Neogene. Offshore seismic data reveal bedrock topography, and provide evidence of relative sea levels as low as -100 m during the Oligocene. 3D landscape reconstruction reveals hills, plains and an anastomosing river system. A Chattian or early Miocene age for the sediments is inferred from dinoflagellate taxa Distatodinium craterum, Chiropteridium lobospinosum, Homotryblium plectilum and Impagidinium paradoxum. The subtropical forest revealed by palynology includes lianas and vines, evergreen trees, palms and ferns, implying higher water availability than today, probably reduced seasonal drought and stronger summer rainfall. From topography, sedimentology and palynology we reconstruct Podocarpaceaedominated forests, Proto-Fynbos, and swamp/riparian forests with palms and other angiosperms. Rhizophoraceae present the first South African evidence of Palaeogene/Neogene mangroves. Subtropical woodland-thicket with Combretaceae and Brachystegia (Peregrinipollis nigericus) probably developed on coastal plains. Some of the last remaining Gondwana elements on the sub-continent, e.g., Araucariaceae, are recorded. Charred particles signal fires prior to the onset of summer dry climate at the Cape. Marine and terrestrial palynomorphs, together with organic and inorganic geochemical proxy data, suggest a gradual glacio-eustatic transgression. The data shed light on Southern Hemisphere biogeography and regional climatic conditions at the Palaeogene-Neogene transition. The proliferation of the vegetation is partly ascribed to changes in South Atlantic oceanographic circulation, linked to the closure of the Central American Seaway and the onset of the Benguela Current ~14 Ma.
    Keywords: Achomosphaera ramulifera; Achomosphaera sp.; Aizoaceae; Anacardiaceae; Araliaceoipollenites reticuloides; Araucariacites; Araucariacites australis; Arecipites cf. otagoensis; Arecipites plectilimuratus; Arecipites spp.; Artemisiaepollenites; Baculatisporites; Baumannipollis variaperturatus; Bequaertiodendron; Blaeria-type; Botryococcus; Brachylaena-type; Brachysporisporites; Bruguieria-type; Caesalpiniaceae; Camarazonosporites; Camarazonosporites bankiensis; Canthiumidites spp.; Caprifoliipites viburnoides; Celastraceae; Celtipollenites sp.; cf. Aceripollenites; cf. Byttneripollis; cf. Dacrydiumites; cf. Dichrostachys-type; cf. Dicolpopollis spp.; cf. Fraxinipollis; cf. Quercoidites henrici; cf. Slovakipollis; cf. Styraxipollis stuchliki; cf. Triporotetradites sp.; cf. Verrucatiporites rotundiporus; Charcoal; Chenopodiaceae; Chiropteridium lobospinosum; Chiropteridium sp.; Christensenia-type; Clavatipollenites spp.; Combretaceae; Commiphora-type; Cooksonidium capricornium; Cordosphaeridium minimum; Core; CORE; Corrugatisporites sp.; Crotonipollis spp.; Cryptogrammasporis spp.; Cupaniedites indeterminable; Cupaniedites major; Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae; Cupuliferoipollenites oviformis; Cyathidites australis; Cymatiosphaera; Cyperaceae; Cyperaceaepollis piriformis; Debarya; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dinoflagellate indeterminata; Dinoflagellates, total; Diospyropollenites sp.; Distatodinium craterum; Equisetum sp.; Ericipites callidus; Ericipites spp.; Euphorbiaceae; Fabaceae; Foraminifera, linings; Fungal fruit-bodies; Fungal germling; Fungal spores; Fungi; Galium-type; Geraniaceae; Glaphyrocysta sp.; Gleicheniidites; Gleicheniidites spp.; Glencopollis ornatus; Graminidites cf. crassiglobosus; Graminidites cf. neogenicus; Graminidites spp.; Grewia-type; Grootipollis sp.; Hafniasphaera septata; Homotryblium plectilum; Hygrophila-type; Hypha; Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae; Ilexpollenites margaritatus; Ilexpollenites spp.; Illexpollenites illiacus; Impagidinium paradoxum; Involutisporis; Laevigatosporites haardtii; Leiotriletes maximus; Leiotriletes maxoides; Leiotriletes wolffii; Liliacidites; Liliacidites minutes; Liliacidites spp.; Ludwigia-type; Lycopodiella inundata; Malvaceae; Manilkara-type; Meliaceoidites sp.; Microcachrydites antarcticus; Microfoveolatisporis fromensis; Microsclerotium; Mohria-type; Momipites sp.; Monocolpopollenites; Monocolpopollenites spp.; Mutisiae; Mutisiapollis viteauensis; Myricipites harrisii; Myricipites spp.; Myrtaceidites parvus; Neuradaceae; Oleoidearumpollenites spp.; Operculodinum centrocarpus; Ovoidites sp.; Palmae-trichotomosulcate; Parthenopollenites formosus; Parthenopollenites marcodurensis; Parthenopollenites neshobensis; Peregrinipollis nigericus; Phoenix-type; Podocarpidites; Podocarpidites kamiesberg; Podocarpidites spp.; Podocarpidites torquatus; Pollen, land, total; Polygala-type; Polypodiaceoisporites sp.; Potamogeton-type; Prasinophytes; Propylipollis meyeri; Propylipollis sp.; Proteacidites; Proteacidites bakkeri granulatus; Proteacidites spp.; Pseudoschizaea sp.; Pseudowinterapollis couperi; Psilatricolporites cf. atalangensis; Psilatricolporites crassiexinus; Psilatricolporites operculatus; Psilatricolporites quenua; Pterocelastrus-type; Pterospermella spp.; Quercoidites spp.; Quercopollenites cf. asper; Quercopollenites cf. granulatus; Restionaceae; Reticulatosphaera cf. actinocoronata; Retitriletes spp.; Rhamnaceaepollenites sp.; Rhizophoraceae; Rhoipites alveolatus; Rhoipites arnotiensis; Rhoipites couperi; Rhoipites spp.; Rhuspollenites sp.; Rhynchosia-type; Rosaceae; Rubiaceae; Rugulasporites spp.; Saldanha Bay, South Africa; Santalaceae; Sapotaceoidaepollenites spp.; SBQW4; Scrophulariaceae; Sigmopollis sp.; Simpsonipollis grandis; Solanum-type; Sparganiaceaepollenites barungensis; Spiniferites mirabilis; Spiniferites pseudofurcatus; Spiniferites ramosus; Spiniferites spp.; Spinitricolpites jennerclarkei; Spinitricolpites spp.; Spirostachys-type; Spores, monolete; Spores, trilete; Stereoisporites sp.; Sum; Sum algae; sum aquatics and water plants; Sum charcoal; sum Cryptogams; sum Fungi; sum herbs and shrublets; sum trees and shrubs; Tetracolporopollenites sapotoides; Tetraploea; Thymelipollis sp.; Todisporites spp.; Tricolpites; Tricolpites gillii; Tricolporopollenites; Tricolporopollenites brinkiae; Tricolporopollenites coetzeeae; Tricolporopollenites eofagoides; Tricolporopollenites marginatus; Triorites operculatus; Triporopollenites namaquensis; Tubulifloridites anthemidearum; Tubulifloridites antipodica; Tubulifloridites gigans; Tubulifloridites macroechinatus; Tubulifloridites spp.; Umbeliferoipollenites spp.; Unknown pollen and spores; Urticales; Varia; Verrucatisporites alienus; Verrucatisporites favus; Verrucatisporites spp.; Vitaceae; Zonalapollenites spp.; Zonalopollenites cf. gracilis; Zonalopollenites perisaccate; Zonocostites ramonae; Zygnemataceae
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5302 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Inorganic geochemistry of surface sediment samples from southeast Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Keywords: 1; 21; 22; 23; 3; AFRIDEEP; Aluminium; BC; Box corer; Bromine; Calcium; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chromium; Copper; DEPTH, sediment/rock; ECT-10-1; ECT-10-2; ECT-1-1; ECT-11-2; ECT-1-2; ECT-12-2; ECT-12-3; ECT-12-4; ECT-1-3; ECT-14-1; ECT-14-2; ECT-15-3; ECT-15-4; ECT-16-1; ECT-16-3; ECT-17-2; ECT-17-3; ECT-18-1; ECT-19-2; ECT-20-1; ECT-2-1; ECT-21-1; ECT-2-2; ECT-22-2; ECT-23-2; ECT-23-3; ECT-24-1; ECT-25-1; ECT-26-1; ECT-27-2; ECT-27-3; ECT-3-1; ECT-5-1; ECT-5-2; ECT-6-1; ECT-6-2; ECT-7-2; ECT-8-1; ECT-9-1; ECT-9-2; Event label; GeoB20602-1; GeoB20604-1; GeoB20607-1; GeoB20608-2; GeoB20609-1; GeoB20610-1; GeoB20611-1; GeoB20613-1; GeoB20615-1; GeoB20619-1; GeoB20624-2; GeoB20625-1; GeoB20628-1; GeoB9301-1; GeoB9302-5; GeoB9312-2; GeoB9313-3; GeoB9314-1; Gourits River; Iron; Limpopo Fan; M123; M123_161-1; M123_163-1; M123_166-1; M123_167-2; M123_168-1; M123_169-1; M123_170-1; M123_172-1; M123_174-1; M123_178-1; M123_183-2; M123_184-1; M123_187-1; M63/1; Magnesium; Manganese; MARUM; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; Nickel; North of Tugela Cone; Potassium; Rubidium; Sample ID; Silicon; South of Limpopo Fan; South of Tugela Cone; Strontium; Sulfur, total; Titanium; VC; Vibro corer; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1062 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Pollen records of surface sediment samples from southeast Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Keywords: Acanthaceae; Alchornea; Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae; Anacardiaceae; Artemisia; Asteroideae; BC; Borreria; Boscia-type; Box corer; Caryophyllaceae; Celtis; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Clematis; Cyperaceae; DEPTH, sediment/rock; ECT-10-2; ECT-11-2; ECT-12-2; ECT-14-1; ECT-15-4; ECT-17-2; ECT-18-1; ECT-20-1; ECT-21-1; ECT-23-2; ECT-24-1; ECT-9-1; ECT-9-2; Euphorbia-type; Event label; Fraxinus; GC; GeoB20602-1; GeoB20604-1; GeoB20609-1; GeoB20610-1; GeoB20611-1; GeoB20615-1; GeoB20624-1; GeoB20625-1; Gramineae; Gravity corer; M123; M123_161-1; M123_163-1; M123_168-1; M123_169-1; M123_170-1; M123_174-1; M123_183-1; M123_184-1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Mimosa-type; MUC; MultiCorer; Olea; Phyllanthus; Piliostigma; Plantago; Podocarpus; Pollen, total; Pterocarpus-type; Rhizophora; Rubiaceae; Vernonia-type; Ziziphus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 588 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Bulk mineralogy of surface sediment samples from southeast Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Keywords: Amphibole; Ankerite; Ankerite-Dolomite; Aragonite; BC; Biotite; Box corer; Calcite; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chlorite; Chloritoid; Clinopyroxene; Comment; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dolomite; ECT-12-2; ECT-14-1; ECT-23-2; ECT-24-1; ECT-27-2; ECT-9-1; Epidote; Event label; Garnet; GeoB20602-1; GeoB20607-1; GeoB20608-2; GeoB20609-1; GeoB20610-1; GeoB20611-1; GeoB20613-1; GeoB20615-1; GeoB20619-1; GeoB20624-2; GeoB20625-1; GeoB20628-1; Glauconite; Illite; Iron oxide; Kalifeldspar; Kaolinite; M123; M123_161-1; M123_166-1; M123_167-2; M123_168-1; M123_169-1; M123_170-1; M123_172-1; M123_174-1; M123_178-1; M123_183-2; M123_184-1; M123_187-1; Magnetite; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Mixed layer clay minerals; Montmorillonite; MUC; MultiCorer; Muscovite; Orthopyroxene; Phyllosilicate; Plagioclase; Pyrite, FeS2; Quartz; Rutile; Serpentinite; Siderite; Silicon dioxide; Sillimanite; Smectite; Sodium chloride; Spinel; VC; Vibro corer; Zeolite; Zircon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 684 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Petrography of surface sediment samples from southeast Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Keywords: BC; Box corer; Calcite; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chert; Dolomite; ECT-10-2; ECT-11-2; ECT-12-3; ECT-14-1; ECT-15-4; ECT-16-3; ECT-17-3; ECT-18-1; ECT-19-2; ECT-20-1; ECT-2-1; ECT-21-1; ECT-22-2; ECT-23-3; ECT-24-1; ECT-27-3; Elevation of event; Event label; Feldspar; Fragments; GC; GeoB18302-1; GeoB18306-1; GeoB18307-1; GeoB18308-2; GeoB20607-1; GeoB20608-1; GeoB20610-2; GeoB20612-1; GeoB20614-1; GeoB20616-1; Gourits River; Gravity corer; Heavy minerals; Kalifeldspar; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M102; M102_2182-1; M102_2253-1; M123; M123_166-1; M123_167-1; M123_169-2; M123_171-1; M123_173-1; M123_175-1; Mafic minerals; Marl; MARUM; Metabasite; Metamorphic index; Metapelite; Metasediments; Metavolcanic fragments; Meteor (1986); Mica; Microcline/Feldspar ratio; Minerals; MUC; MultiCorer; Plagioclase; Plagioclase/Feldspar ratio; Quartz; Quartz, polycrystalline/quartz, total ratio; Rock fragments; VC; Vibro corer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 632 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Organic geochemistry of surface sediment samples from southeast Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Keywords: 1; 21; 22; 23; 3; AFRIDEEP; BC; Box corer; Carbon Preference Index, n-Alkanes (C25-C33); Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; DEPTH, sediment/rock; ECT-10-1; ECT-10-2; ECT-11-2; ECT-12-2; ECT-12-4; ECT-13-1; ECT-14-1; ECT-15-1; ECT-15-4; ECT-16-1; ECT-16-3; ECT-17-2; ECT-17-3; ECT-18-1; ECT-20-1; ECT-21-1; ECT-23-1; ECT-23-3; ECT-24-1; ECT-26-1; ECT-27-3; ECT-9-1; ECT-9-2; Event label; GeoB20602-1; GeoB20604-1; GeoB20607-1; GeoB20608-2; GeoB20609-1; GeoB20610-1; GeoB20611-1; GeoB20613-1; GeoB20615-1; GeoB20619-1; GeoB20624-2; GeoB20625-1; GeoB20628-1; GeoB9301-1; GeoB9302-5; GeoB9312-2; GeoB9313-3; GeoB9314-1; Limpopo Fan; M123; M123_161-1; M123_163-1; M123_166-1; M123_167-2; M123_168-1; M123_169-1; M123_170-1; M123_172-1; M123_174-1; M123_178-1; M123_183-2; M123_184-1; M123_187-1; M63/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; n-Alkane, average chain length; n-Alkane, C31/(C29+C31) ratio; n-Alkane C29, δ13C; n-Alkane C29, δD; n-Alkane C31, δ13C; n-Alkane C31, δD; n-Alkane C33, δ13C; n-Alkane C33, δD; North of Tugela Cone; South of Limpopo Fan; South of Tugela Cone; VC; Vibro corer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 356 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Heavy minerals of surface sediment samples from southeast Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Keywords: Amphibole; Andalusite; Apatite; BC; Biotite; Box corer; Carbonates; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chlorite; Chloritoid; Clinopyroxene; DEPTH, sediment/rock; ECT-10-2; ECT-11-2; ECT-12-3; ECT-14-1; ECT-15-4; ECT-17-3; ECT-18-1; ECT-20-1; ECT-21-1; ECT-22-2; ECT-23-3; ECT-24-1; ECT-27-3; Elevation of event; Epidote; Event label; Garnet; GC; GeoB18302-1; GeoB18308-2; GeoB20604-1; GeoB20607-1; GeoB20608-2; GeoB20609-1; GeoB20610-2; GeoB20611-1; GeoB20612-1; GeoB20613-1; GeoB20614-1; GeoB20615-2; GeoB20616-1; Glauconite; Gravity corer; Heavy minerals, turbid; Hornblende color index; Iron oxide; Kyanite; Latitude of event; Light minerals; Longitude of event; M102; M102_2182-1; M102_2253-1; M123; M123_163-1; M123_166-1; M123_167-2; M123_168-1; M123_169-2; M123_170-1; M123_171-1; M123_172-1; M123_173-1; M123_174-2; M123_175-1; MARUM; Metamorphic minerals, low-grade; Meteor (1986); Minerals; Minerals, other; Monazite; MUC; MultiCorer; Olivine; Opaque minerals; Orthopyroxene; Rock fragments; Sillimanite; Soil organic matter; Spinel; Staurolite; Titanite; Titanium dioxide; Transparent minerals; Zircon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 867 data points
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  • 9
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    Southeast African provenance study (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hahn, Annette; Miller, Charlotte; Andó, Sergio; Bouimetarhan, Ilham; Cawthra, Hayley C; Garzanti, Eduardo; Green, Andrew N; Radeff, Giuditta; Schefuß, Enno; Zabel, Matthias (2018): The provenance of terrigenous components in marine sediments along the east coast of southern Africa. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 19(7), 1946-1962, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GC007228
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Terrestrial signals in marine sediment archives are often used for paleoclimatic reconstructions. It is therefore important to know the origin of the different terrestrial sedimentary components. The proximity to a river mouth is often the key location to determine the source. Especially in regions with strong ocean currents, such an assumption might,however, lead to considerable misinterpretations. To investigate the source of various terrigenous sediment fractions in southeastern Africa, a region with strong sediment redistribution, we have performed an extensive comparison between terrestrial material (pollen, plant lipids, detrital modes and heavy minerals as well as bulk inorganic geochemical composition) from potential source regions and the same components in the adjacent coastal and continental shelf sediments. Onshore the proxy‐indicators reflect small‐scale diversity in sampling locations and associated environments (riverbank sediments, flood deposits, suspension loads and soils). Nevertheless, the overall trends reflect significant environmental gradients along a SW to NE transect. We note a general comparability of the studied parameters between the continental and marine sediments regardless of their specific differences in transport and depositional characteristics. We propose that the influence of the Agulhas Current affects sediment deposition and distribution only seaward of the mid‐shelf and that pockets of sediment remain preserved in the lee of coastal protrusions where they are protected from erosion. This study provides the essential prerequisite to allow the attribution of temporal variations of compositional changes in marine sediment cores to environmental changes in southeastern Africa.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 10
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    Holocene investigations of sediments from Eilandvlei (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wündsch, Michael; Haberzettl, Torsten; Cawthra, Hayley C; Kirsten, Kelly L; Quick, Lynne J; Zabel, Matthias; Frenzel, Peter; Hahn, Annette; Baade, Jussi; Daut, Gerhard; Kasper, Thomas; Meadows, Michael E; Mäusbacher, Roland (2018): Holocene environmental change along the southern Cape coast of South Africa - Insights from the Eilandvlei sediment record spanning the last 8.9 kyr. Global and Planetary Change, 163, 51-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.02.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: This study investigates Holocene sediments from Eilandvlei, a coastal lake located within the Wilderness embayment at the southern Cape coast of South Africa. The evolution of the present estuarine/coastal lake system is reconstructed based on seismic data as well as a multi-proxy approach on a 30.5 m sediment core spanning the last ~8.9 kyr. Geochemical (Ca, TOC/S, Br/TOC) and micropalaeontological data (diatoms, foraminifera) reflect changes in the degree of marine influence at the core site. The embayment likely developed via distinct phases of connectivity to the Indian Ocean caused by sea level changes and dune progradation. Marine conditions prevailed at the core site from ~8900 to 4700 cal BP. The rapid sea level rise during the early Holocene caused the inundation of a palaeovalley that most likely had formed at lower sea levels during the Pleistocene. Towards the mid-Holocene the sea level exceeded its present height around ~7500 cal BP creating a marine embayment. At ~4700 cal BP, the embayment became distinctly more disconnected from the ocean turning into a lagoon system that persisted until ~1200 cal BP. Subsequently, the marine influence further decreased and the present estuarine/coastal lake system was established. Grain size and geochemical data (Fe, Si/Al, chemical index of alteration (CIA)) further reflect changes in the deposition of terrigenous sediments at the core site. While the sedimentation of fine-grained (〈16 µm), iron-rich and highly weathered material is linked to periods of increased river discharge and rainfall, high amounts of deposited quartz (31-250 µm, high Si/Al) point to relatively dry and/or windy conditions during which increased aeolian transport of dune sands occurred. The proxies indicate reduced river discharge and hence possibly drier climatic conditions than today from ~8900 to 7900 cal BP and ~6400 to 3000 cal BP. In contrast, the periods between ~7900-6400 cal BP and ~3000 cal BP-present were likely characterized by high river discharge and thus, generally more rainfall. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic variations are discussed within the context of e.g., shifts in the position of the Antarctic sea ice extent and the mid-latitude westerly wind belt as well as changes in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
    Keywords: RAiN; Regional Archives for Integrated iNvestigations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 8 datasets
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