Publication Date:
2019-10-12
Description:
An external standard of goniodomin A (GDA) was prepared from a strain of Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax originating
from New Zealand and its chemical structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy. Using the GDA standard, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric
(UPLC-MS/MS) method in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was developed for separation and quantification
of GDA. This method was successfully applied to planktonic field samples collected during an oceanographic
expedition conducted with R/V Uthörn along the Danish west coast, Limfjord and Kattegat in June
2016. In addition, this method was used to characterize goniodomin (GD) profiles of 17 A. pseudogonyaulax
strains from the coastal North Sea and from Limfjord. Highest GDA levels were found in Limfjord (up to 590 ng
NT−1 m−1), but GDA was also detected in the North Sea appearing at the latitude of Sylt Island northwards and
in Kattegat from the eastern mouth of Limfjord down to the Kiel Bight, but at lower abundances than within
Limfjord. This is the first reported detection of GDA in planktonic field samples. Chemical analysis of 17 strains
of A. pseudogonyaulax revealed that all strains were producers of GDA (5–35 pg cell−1) as well as in most cases
minor amounts (0.01–0.07 pg cell−1, expressed as GDA equivalents) of goniodomin B (GDB).
Repository Name:
EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
Type:
Article
,
isiRev
Format:
application/pdf
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