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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6)
  • MDPI Publishing  (4)
  • 2015-2019  (10)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Two new coordination polymers (CPs) formed from 5-iodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (H 2 iip) in the presence of the flexible 1,4-bis(1 H -imidazol-1-yl)butane (bimb) auxiliary ligand, namely poly[[μ 2 -1,4-bis(1 H -imidazol-1-yl)butane-κ 2 N 3 : N 3′ ](μ 3 -5-iodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-κ 4 O 1 , O 1′ : O 3 : O 3′ )cobalt(II)], [Co(C 8 H 3 IO 4 )(C 10 H 14 N 4 )] n or [Co(iip)(bimb)] n , (1), and poly[[[μ 2 -1,4-bis(1 H -imidazol-1-yl)butane-κ 2 N 3 : N 3′ ](μ 2 -5-iodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-κ 2 O 1 : O 3 )zinc(II)] trihydrate], {[Zn(C 8 H 3 IO 4 )(C 10 H 14 N 4 )]·3H 2 O} n or {[Zn(iip)(bimb)]·3H 2 O} n , (2), were synthesized and characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state UV–Vis spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). The iip 2− ligand in (1) adopts the (κ 1 ,κ 1 -μ 2 )(κ 1 , κ 1 -μ 1 )-μ 3 coordination mode, linking adjacent secondary building units into a ladder-like chain. These chains are further connected by the flexible bimb ligand in a trans – trans – trans conformation. As a result, a twofold three-dimensional interpenetrating α-Po network is formed. Complex (2) exhibits a two-dimensional (4,4) topological network architecture in which the iip 2− ligand shows the (κ 1 )(κ 1 )-μ 2 coordination mode. The solid-state UV–Vis spectra of (1) and (2) were investigated, together with the fluorescence properties of (2) in the solid state.
    Print ISSN: 0108-2701
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5759
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: State-of-the-art pansharpening methods generally inject the spatial structures of a high spatial resolution (HR) panchromatic (PAN) image into the corresponding low spatial resolution (LR) multispectral (MS) image by an injection model. In this paper, a novel pansharpening method with an edge-preserving guided filter based on three-layer decomposition is proposed. In the proposed method, the PAN image is decomposed into three layers: A strong edge layer, a detail layer, and a low-frequency layer. The edge layer and detail layer are then injected into the MS image by a proportional injection model. In addition, two new quantitative evaluation indices, including the modified correlation coefficient (MCC) and the modified universal image quality index (MUIQI) are developed. The proposed method was tested and verified by IKONOS, QuickBird, and Gaofen (GF)-1 satellite images, and it was compared with several of state-of-the-art pansharpening methods from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed method.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-12-02
    Description: Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, Pages 1247: Estimating Land Surface Temperature from Feng Yun-3C/MERSI Data Using a New Land Surface Emissivity Scheme Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs9121247 Authors: Xiangchen Meng Jie Cheng Shunlin Liang Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter for a wide number of applications, including hydrology, meteorology and surface energy balance. In this study, we first proposed a new land surface emissivity (LSE) scheme, including a lookup table-based method to determine the vegetated surface emissivity and an empirical method to derive the bare soil emissivity from the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) broadband emissivity (BBE) product. Then, the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data and the Feng Yun-3C/Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (FY-3C/MERSI) precipitable water vapor product were used to correct the atmospheric effects. After resolving the land surface emissivity and atmospheric effects, the LST was derived in a straightforward manner from the FY-3C/MERSI data by the radiative transfer equation algorithm and the generalized single-channel algorithm. The mean difference between the derived LSE and field-measured LSE over seven stations is approximately 0.002. Validation of the LST retrieved with the LSE determined by the new scheme can achieve an acceptable accuracy. The absolute biases are less than 1 K and the STDs (RMSEs) are less than 1.95 K (2.2 K) for both the 1000 m and 250 m spatial resolutions. The LST accuracy is superior to that retrieved with the LSE determined by the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold method. Thus, the new emissivity scheme can be used to improve the accuracy of the LSE and further the LST for sensors with broad spectral ranges such as FY-3C/MERSI.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-06-04
    Description: Purpose To assess the efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and to compare DKI-derived parameters with that of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for grading the inflammatory activity of Crohn's disease (CD). Materials and Methods In all, 38 patients with CD underwent 3T magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) with DKI (b values of 0–2000 s/mm 2 ). The inflammatory activity of the bowel segments was graded by magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) as inactive (〈7), mild (≥7 and 〈11), or moderate-severe (≥11). Apparent diffusion for non-Gaussian distribution (D app ) and apparent kurtosis coefficient (K app ) on DKI as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on DWI were compared. Results In all, 86 bowel segments including inactive (20), mild (19), and moderate-severe (47) CD were analyzed. The differences in K app , D app , and ADC among inactive, mild, and moderate-severe CD were significant (all P 〈 0.05). K app ( r = 0.862), D app ( r = −0.755), and ADC ( r = −0.713) correlated well with MaRIA in all segments. Stronger correlation with MaRIA in moderate-severe CD was found for K app ( r = 0.647) than that of D app ( r = −0.414) and ADC ( r = −0.580). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed high accuracy of K app , D app , and ADC for differentiating active from inactive CD (AUC: 0.953 for K app , 0.944 for D app , 0.907 for ADC) as well as differentiating inactive-mild from moderate-severe CD (AUC: 0.946 for K app , 0.887 for D app , 0.846 for ADC). The threshold K app of 0.731 allowed differentiation of active from inactive CD with 89.4% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Conclusion DKI of CD is clinically feasible and might be superior to conventional DWI for grading the inflammatory activity of CD. Level of Evidence : 2 Technical Efficacy : Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 474: Evaluating Eight Global Reanalysis Products for Atmospheric Correction of Thermal Infrared Sensor—Application to Landsat 8 TIRS10 Data Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs10030474 Authors: Xiangchen Meng Jie Cheng Global reanalysis products have been widely used for correcting the atmospheric effects of thermal infrared data, but their performances have not been comprehensively evaluated. In this paper, we evaluate eight global reanalysis products (NCEP/FNL; NCEP/DOE Reanalysis2; MERRA-3; MERRA-6; MERRA2-3; MERRA2-6; JRA-55; and ERA-Interim) commonly used in the atmospheric correction of Landsat 8 TIRS10 data by referencing global radiosonde observations collected from 163 stations. The atmospheric parameters (atmospheric transmittance, upward radiance, and downward radiance) simulated with MERRA-6 and ERA-Interim were accurate than those simulated with other reanalysis products for different water vapor contents and surface elevations. When global reanalysis products were applied to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) from simulated Landsat 8 TIRS10 data, ERA-Interim and MERRA-6 were accurate than other reanalysis products. The overall LST biases and RMSEs between the retrieved LSTs and LSTs that were used to generate the top-of-atmosphere radiances were less than 0.2 K and 1.09 K, respectively. When eight reanalysis products were used to estimate LSTs from thirty-two Landsat 8 TIRS10 images covering the Heihe River basin in China, the various reanalysis products showed similar validation accuracies for LSTs with low water vapor contents. The biases ranged from 0.07 K to 0.24 K, and the STDs (RMSEs) ranged from 1.93 K (1.93 K) to 2.02 K (2.04 K). Considering the above evaluation results, MERRA-6 and ERA-Interim are recommended for thermal infrared data atmospheric corrections.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-05-31
    Description: Vegetative filter strips (VFS) can effectively trap sediment in overland flow, but little information is available on its performance in controlling high-concentration sediment and the runoff hydraulics in VFS. Flume experiments were conducted to investigate the sediment deposition, hydraulics of overland flow and their relationships in simulating VFS under a great range of sediment concentrations with four levels of vegetation cover (bare slope and 4, 11 and 17%) and two flow rates (15 and 30 L min −1 ). Sediment concentrations varied from 30 to 400 kg m −3 and slope gradient was 9°. Both the deposited sediment load and deposition efficiency in VFS increased as the vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a positive effect on the deposited load but no effect on deposition efficiency. A lower flow rate corresponded to greater deposition efficiency but had little effect on deposited load. Flow velocities decreased as vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a negative effect on the mean velocity but no effect on surface velocity. Hydraulic resistance increased as the vegetation cover and sediment concentration increased. Sediment deposition efficiency had a much more pronounced relationship with overland flow hydraulics compared with deposited load, especially with the mean flow velocity, and there was a power relationship between them. Flow regime also affected the sediment deposition efficiency, and the efficiency was much higher under subcritical than supercritical flow. The results will be useful for the design of VFS and the control of sediment flowing into rivers in areas with serious soil erosion.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-06-16
    Description: Copper(II) coordination polymers have attracted considerable interest due to their catalytic, adsorption, luminescence and magnetic properties. The reactions of copper(II) with 2-amino-4-sulfobenzoic acid (H 2 asba) in the presence/absence of the auxiliary chelating ligand 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) under ambient conditions yielded two supramolecular coordination polymers, namely (3-amino-4-carboxybenzene-1-sulfonato-κ O 1 )bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ 2 N , N ′)copper(II) 3-amino-4-carboxybenzene-1-sulfonate monohydrate, [Cu(C 7 H 6 N 2 O 5 S)(C 12 H 8 N 2 ) 2 ](C 7 H 6 N 2 O 5 S)·H 2 O, (1), and catena -poly[[diaquacopper(II)]-μ-3-amino-4-carboxylatobenzene-1-sulfonato-κ 2 O 4 : O 4′ ], [Cu(C 7 H 6 N 2 O 5 S)(H 2 O) 2 ] n , (2). The products were characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state UV–Vis spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as by variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction analysis (VT-PXRD). Intermolecular π–π stacking interactions in (1) link the mononuclear copper(II) cation units into a supramolecular polymeric chain, which is further extended into a supramolecular double chain through interchain hydrogen bonds. Supramolecular double chains are then extended into a two-dimensional supramolecular double layer through hydrogen bonds between the lattice Hasba − anions, H 2 O molecules and double chains. Left- and right-handed 2 1 helices formed by the Hasba − anions are arranged alternately within the two-dimensional supramolecular double layers. Complex (2) exhibits a polymeric chain which is further extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular network through interchain hydrogen bonds. Complex (1) shows a reversible dehydration–rehydration behaviour, while complex (2) shows an irreversible dehydration–rehydration behaviour.
    Print ISSN: 0108-2701
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5759
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Different kinds of counterions (such as NO 3 – , ClO 4 – , and Cl – ) play a special role in controlling the framework of coordination compounds. Using this strategy, 5-aminotetrazole-1-propionic acid (Hatzp) was selected to react with praseodymium(III) nitrate or perchlorate in the same solvent system, producing two different coordination compounds, [Pr 2 (atzp) 4 (H 2 O) 8 ] · 2NO 3 · 2H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Pr 2 (atzp) 6 (H 2 O) 2 ] · H 2 O ( 2 ). These compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that compound 1 displays a dinuclear structure, whereas 2 shows a one dimensional zigzag chain framework. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-10-18
    Description: The Nd III coordination compounds [Nd(4-pytza) 3 (H 2 O) 2 ] · 2H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Nd(4-pytza) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]Cl · 2H 2 O ( 2 ) [H4-pytza = 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid] were synthesized by reactions of K4-pytza and NdCl 3 · 6H 2 O at different pH values. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 4-pytza ligands in 1 in a μ 1,3 -COO syn - syn or μ 1,1,3 -COO bridging mode coordinate to two central Nd III atoms to display a dinuclear unit, which is connected by one of these 4-pytza ligands acting in end-to-end bridging mode to form a 1D ladder-like chain. Different from 1 , each 4-pytza in 2 with a μ 1,3 -COO syn - anti bridging mode coordinates to two Nd III atoms to display a 1D zigzag chain. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-06-23
    Description: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1632: Interleaved High Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based on Voltage Multiplier Cell and Voltage-Stacking Techniques for Renewable Energy Applications † Energies doi: 10.3390/en11071632 Authors: Shin-Ju Chen Sung-Pei Yang Chao-Ming Huang Huann-Ming Chou Meng-Jie Shen A novel interleaved high step-up DC-DC converter based on voltage multiplier cell and voltage-stacking techniques is proposed for the power conversion in renewable energy power systems. The circuit configuration incorporates an input-parallel output-series boost converter with coupled inductors, clamp circuits and a voltage multiplier cell stacking on the output side to extend the voltage gain. The converter achieves high voltage conversion ratio without working at extreme large duty ratio. The voltage stresses on the power switches are significantly lower than the output voltage. As a result, the low-voltage-rated metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) can be employed to reduce the conduction losses and higher conversion efficiency can be expected. The interleaved operation reduces the input current ripple. The leakage inductances of the coupled inductors act on mitigating the diode reverse recovery problem. The operating principle, steady-state analysis and design guidelines of the proposed converter are presented in detail. Finally, a 1-kW prototype with 28-V input and 380-V output voltages was implemented and tested. The experimental results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed converter.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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