Notes: The origin, length, cross-sectional area, the fascicular number, their area and arrangement, total myelinated fibre count, and diameter-spectra of the optic nerve were investigated in the Indian buffalo. The majority of the optic nerve fibres are myelinated fibres arranged in fascicles. The peripheral portion of the nerve has a significantly greater number of myelinated nerve fibres. The right and left optic nerves do not differ significantly in their length, cross-sectional area and the number of myelinated fibres. The number, area and arrangement of the nerve fascicles varies (the peripheral portion contains a greater percentage of small-sized ones). The total interfascicular area is significantly greater than the fascicular area. The external diameter of the myelinated fibres ranges from 1 to 12 microns. Histograms reveal an unimodal distribution of these fibres with a peak at 2 microns. Thinner fibres predominate in the peripheral portion.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Anatomische Untersuchung des N. opticus des indischen Biiffels (Bubalis bubalis)Ursprung, Länge, Querschnittszone, Bündelanzahl nach Lage und Anordnung, Gesamtzahl der myelinhaltigen Fasern und Durchmesserspektrum des N. opticus wurden beim indischen Büffel untersucht. Die Mehrzahl der Nervenfasern sind myelinhaltige, faczikulär angeordnete Fasern. Der periphere Abschnitt des Nerven besitzt eine bedeutend grofiere Anzahl myelinhaltiger Nervenfasern. Rechter und linker Nerv unterscheiden sich in ihrer Länge, Querschnittszone und Anzahl der myelinhaltigen Fasern nicht bemerkenswert. Zahl, Lage und Anordnung der Nervenbündel variieren (der periphere Abschnitt enthält einen größeren Prozentsatz dünner Bündel). Das gesamte interfaszikuläre Gebiet ist bedeutend größer als das faszikulare. Der außendurch-messer der myelinhaltigen Fasern reicht von 1 bis 12 Mikra. Histogramme enthüllen eine gleichmäßige Verteilung dieser Fasern mit einem Gipfel bei 2 Mikra. Im peripheren Abschnitt herrschen dünnere Fasern vor.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméRecherches anatomiques sur le nerf optique (N. opticus) chez le Buffle indien (Bubalis bubalis)Les recherches ont porté sur ľ origine, la longueur, la surface de section, le nombre de fascicules, leur étendue et leur disposition, la numération totale des fibres myélinisées et leur spectre de diamètres dans le nerf optique de Buffle indien. La majorite des fibres de ce nerf sont myélinisées et groupees en faisceaux. La partie peripherique du nerf possede de façon significative un nombre plus élevé de fibres myélinisées. Le nerf droit et le nerf gauche ne different pas de façon significative en ce qui concerne leur longueur, leur surface de section et le nombre de fibres myélinisées. Le nombre, le calibre et la disposition des faisceaux nerveux sont variables (la partie peripherique contient un pourcentage plus élevé de fibres minces). La surface totale des parties interfasciculaires est de façon significative plus grande que la surface fasciculaire. Le diametre exterieur de fibres myélinisées s étend de 1 à 12 microns. Les histogrammes révèlent une disposition unimodale de ces fibres avec un pic a 2 microns. Les fibres les plus minces predominent a la partie périphérique.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResumenInvestigaciones anatomicas en el nervio optico del búfalo índico (Bubalis bubalis)Se investigaron en el nervio óptico del bufalo indico el origen, la longitud, las zonas de cortes transversales, el número de fasciculos segun su situación y distribución, el número y los diferentes diametros de las fibras mielinicas. La mayoria de las fibras nerviosas son mileínicas, distribuidas en fasciculos, que se encuentran especialmente en la regién periférica del nervio. No hay diferencias notables entre el lado derecho e izquierdo con respecto a su longitud, las zonas de cortes transversales y el número de fibras mileínicas. Número, situación y distribución de los fasciculos nerviosos son variables (conteniendo la porción periférica un porcentaje mayor de fasciculos delga-dos). El territorio interfascicular en su totalidad es mucho mas grande que el fascicular. El diametre externo de las fibras mielinicas varia entre 1 y 12 micra. Histogramas revelan una distribucion equitativa de estas fibras con prevalencia de las de 2 micra. En la periferia predominan fibras mas delgadas.

Notes: This is a study of the origin, formation, course, distribution, the fascicular number, their area and arrangement, total fibre count, density and diameterspectra of the accessory nerve in the Indian buffalo.The radices spinales are located from the level of C1 to midlevel of C6cord segments. The radices craniales arise in series from the medulla oblongata caudal to those of the vagus nerve. The accessory nerve contains 7931 myelinated fibres arranged in 31 fascicles. Of these 41 % have an external diameter of 10–12 μm. The greatest density of fibres viz. 1781/mm2 is obtained in the anastomosing ramus from the second cervical spinal nerve. The least value (377/mm2) is found in its ventral ramus. However, the dorsal ramus appears to have a larger cross-sectional area.

Notes: Summary After administration of benzene, gasoline, IOMEX or petroleum ether, liver alkaline phosphatase showed over 200% increase in activity whereas kidney alkaline phosphatase activity was depressed by 50%. The pattern of separation of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in liver, kidney and serum indicated involvement of one of the isoenzymes. A simple method of detecting the incipent toxicity is described.

Notes: Abstract Hematological changes and concurrent enzymatic activities in various tissues were determined in rats injected parentally with Iomex, a petroleum derivate and proposed weedicide. Among the hematological parameters studied only the differential leucocytic count showed significant alterations. This was indicated by a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes and an increase in those of neutrophils. Significant differences were not observed in the levels of acid phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic, and glutamic pyruvate transaminase activities in brain and liver of the experimental group of animals.

Notes: Summary The biogenesis of C19- and C21-steroids has been studied in tissue slices of a paraganglioma, of a pheochromocytoma and of human adrenal cortex using radioactive steroids. Slices of paraganglioma as well as of pheochromocytoma metabolise 17-hydroxyprogesterone to cortisone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and testosterone. The rate of formation of these steroids, however, by the two tumours is 8–15 times less than that in normal adrenal cortex tissue. After incubation of dehydroepiandrosterone with tissue slices of paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma, 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 11β-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione and 4-androstene-3,17-dione were found as metabolites; testosterone was converted by both tissues to 4-androstene-3,17-dione. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone was converted to a small extent (1.7%) to dehydroepiandrosterone by slices of paranganglioma. These results show that enzymes of steroid biosynthesis (hydroxylases, oxidoreductases, δ4−5-isomerases, C17−20-desmolases) are present in both paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma.