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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupled 142 Nd– 143 Nd evidence for a protracted magma ocean in Mars (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Resolving early silicate differentiation timescales is crucial for understanding the chemical evolution and thermal histories of terrestrial planets. Planetary-scale magma oceans are thought to have formed during early stages of differentiation, but the longevity of such magma oceans is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06317
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Micromagnetic coercivity distributions and interactions in chondrules with implications for paleointensities of the early solar system (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Chondrules in chondritic meteorites record the earliest stages of formation of the solar system, potentially providing information about the magnitude of early magnetic fields and early physical and chemical conditions. Using first-order reversal curves (FORCs), we map the coercivity distributions and interactions of 32 chondrules from the Allende, Karoonda, and Bjurbole meteorites. Distinctly different distributions and interactions exist for the three meteorites. The coercivity distributions are lognormal shaped, with Bjurbole distributions being bimodal or trimodal. The highest-coercivity mode in the Bjurbole chondrules is derived from tetrataenite, which interacts strongly with the lower-coercivity grains in a manner unlike that seen in terrestrial rocks. Such strong interactions have the potential to bias paleointensity estimates. Moreover, because a significant portion of the coercivity distributions for most of the chondrules is 〈10 mT, low-coercivity magnetic overprints are common. Therefore paleointensities based on the REM method, which rely on ratios of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) to the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) without magnetic cleaning, will probably be biased. The paleointensity bias is found to be about an order of magnitude for most chondrules with low-coercivity overprints. Paleointensity estimates based on a method we call REMc, which uses NRM/IRM ratios after magnetic cleaning, avoid this overprinting bias. Allende chondrules, which are the most pristine and possibly record the paleofield of the early solar system, have a mean REMc paleointensity of 10.4 μT. Karoonda and Bjurbole chondrules, which have experienced some thermal alteration, have REMc paleointensities of 4.6 and 3.2 μT, respectively.
    Description: NSF and INGV
    Description: Published
    Description: B03S90
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism coercivity ; paleointensity ; magnetic interactions ; meteorite ; Chondrules ; FORC diagrams ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.01. Interplanetary physics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Interlaboratory comparison of magnesium isotopic compositions of 12 felsic to ultramafic igneous rock standards analyzed by MC-ICPMS (2015)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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    GFZ OAI
  • 4
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    Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions in the Western Philippine Sea (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 189 . pp. 10-16.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Dissolved lead (Pb) concentrations and isotope ratios in seawater of the Western Philippine Sea (WPS) were determined to investigate sources of Pb in the region. Surface seawater concentrations at seven sampling stations ranged from 36.2 to 68.1 pmol kg− 1. Isotopic composition of surface water, with 206Pb/207Pb ranging from 1.162 to 1.170, 208Pb/207Pb ranging from 2.445 to 2.451, and 206Pb/204Pb ranging from 18.14 to 18.27, reflects Asian anthropogenic aerosols input to the WPS. Shallow water Pb concentrations within the Kuroshio Current domain are about 15 pmol kg− 1 lower than at other sites and, together with a distinct isotopic signature (206Pb/207Pb = 1.167–1.170, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.447–2.451 and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.22–18.27), reflect water originating from the Equatorial Pacific that is relatively less impacted by contamination from anthropogenic inputs. An isotopically distinct sub-surface Pb maximum at about 100 to 250 m, representing water originating from the Western North Pacific where anthropogenic Pb deposition is high, was seen at all seven sites. Lead concentrations in deep water in the stations further from shore are typically lower than in the surface layer and ranged from 11.2 to 51.6 pmol kg− 1. Lead isotopic signatures in deep water at these sites (206Pb/207Pb = 1.162–1.184; 208Pb/207Pb = 2.448–2.471; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.13–18.51) are offset from pre-anthropogenic values and suggest that anthropogenic sources have penetrated the deep water column. Elevated concentrations and isotopic signatures observed in the deep water at stations closer to shore, where sediment transport is prevalent, indicate that sedimentary input is a major source of dissolved Pb at these sites. Differences in Pb concentrations and isotopic signatures between samples collected from the Pacific Deep Water (PDW) water-mass during this study and those collected a decade ago suggest that Pb inputs even in deep water change on decadal scales.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2016.12.007
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Maternal Eed knockout causes loss of H3K27me3 imprinting and random X inactivation in the extraembryonic cells [Research Papers] (2018)
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-04
    Description: Genomic imprinting is essential for mammalian development. Recent studies have revealed that maternal histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) can mediate DNA methylation-independent genomic imprinting. However, the regulatory mechanisms and functions of this new imprinting mechanism are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that maternal Eed, an essential component of the Polycomb group complex 2 (PRC2), is required for establishing H3K27me3 imprinting. We found that all H3K27me3-imprinted genes, including Xist , lose their imprinted expression in Eed maternal knockout (matKO) embryos, resulting in male-biased lethality. Surprisingly, although maternal X-chromosome inactivation (XmCI) occurs in Eed matKO embryos at preimplantation due to loss of Xist imprinting, it is resolved at peri-implantation. Ultimately, both X chromosomes are reactivated in the embryonic cell lineage prior to random XCI, and only a single X chromosome undergoes random XCI in the extraembryonic cell lineage. Thus, our study not only demonstrates an essential role of Eed in H3K27me3 imprinting establishment but also reveals a unique XCI dynamic in the absence of Xist imprinting.
    Print ISSN: 0890-9369
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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  • 6
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    Gene Identification of Pheromone Gland Genes Involved in Type II Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis and Transportation in Female Tea Pest Ectropis grisescens (2018)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Moths can biosynthesize sex pheromones in the female sex pheromone glands (PGs) and can distinguish species-specific sex pheromones using their antennae. However, the biosynthesis and transportation mechanism for Type II sex pheromone components has rarely been documented in moths. In this study, we constructed a massive PG transcriptome database (14.72 Gb) from a moth species, Ectropis grisescens , which uses type II sex pheromones and is a major tea pest in China. We further identified putative sex pheromone biosynthesis and transportation-related unigenes: 111 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), 25 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), and 20 chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Tissue expression and phylogenetic tree analyses showed that one CYP ( EgriCYP341-fragment3 ), one OBP ( EgriOBP4 ), and one CSP ( EgriCSP10 ) gene displayed an enriched expression in the PGs, and that EgriOBP2 , 3 , and 25 are clustered in the moth pheromone-binding protein clade. We considered these our candidate genes. Our results yielded large-scale PG sequence information for further functional studies.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 7
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    Direct brain recordings reveal prefrontal cortex dynamics of memory development (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-20
    Description: Prevailing theories link prefrontal cortex (PFC) maturation to the development of declarative memory. However, the precise spatiotemporal correlates of memory formation in the developing brain are not known. We provide rare intracranial evidence that the spatiotemporal propagation of frontal activity supports memory formation in children. Seventeen subjects (6.2 to 19.4 years) studied visual scenes in preparation for a recognition memory test while undergoing direct cortical monitoring. Earlier PFC activity predicted greater accuracy, and subsecond deviations in activity flow between subregions predicted memory formation. Activity flow between inferior and precentral sites was refined during adolescence, partially explaining gains in memory. In contrast, middle frontal activity predicted memory independent of age. These findings show with subsecond temporal precision that the developing PFC links scene perception and memory formation and underscore the role of the PFC in supporting memory development.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Latent Expression of the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Encoded Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I TAP Inhibitor, BNLF2a, in EBV-Positive Gastric Carcinomas [Transformation and Oncogenesis] (2015)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-02
    Description: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BNLF2a gene product provides immune evasion properties to infected cells through inhibition of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-mediated transport of antigen peptides. Although BNLF2a is considered to be a lytic gene, we demonstrate that it is expressed in nearly half of the EBV-associated gastric carcinomas analyzed. Further, we show that BNLF2a expression is dissociated from lytic gene expression. BNLF2a is therefore expressed in this latency setting, potentially helping protect the infected tumor cells from immunosurveillance.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 9
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    The HEPT Analogue WPR-6 Is Active against a Broad Spectrum of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Strains of Different Serotypes [Antiviral Agents] (2015)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-17
    Description: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are important components of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) used to treat human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1). However, because of the emergence of drug resistance and the adverse effects of current anti-HIV drugs, it is essential to develop novel NNRTIs with an excellent safety profile, improved activity against NNRTI-resistant viruses, and enhanced activity against clinical isolates of different subtypes. Here, we have identified 1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-iodopyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione (WPR-6), a novel NNRTI with a 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 2 to 4 nM against laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain SF33 and an EC 50 of 7 to 14 nM against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 strain 7391 with a therapeutic index of 〉1 x 10 4 . A panel of five representative clinical virus isolates of different subtypes circulating predominantly in China was highly sensitive to WPR-6, with EC 50 s ranging from 1 to 6 nM. In addition, WPR-6 showed excellent antiviral potency against the most prevalent NNRTI-resistant viruses containing the K103N and Y181C mutations. To determine whether WPR-6 selects for novel resistant mutants, in vitro resistance selection was conducted with laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain SF33 on MT-4 cells. The results demonstrated that V106I and Y188L were the two dominant NNRTI-associated resistance mutations detected in the breakthrough viruses. Taken together, these in vitro data indicate that WPR-6 has greater efficacy than the reference HEPT analogue TNK651 and the marketed drug nevirapine against HIV-1. However, to develop it as a new NNRTI, further improvement of its pharmacological properties is warranted.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4804
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-6596
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 10
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    Testing one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton models with spectral energy distributions of Mrk 421 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-15
    Description: We test one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models with high-quality multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) data of Mrk 421. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo technique to fit 12 day-scale SEDs of Mrk 421 with one-zone SSC models. Three types of electron energy distribution (EED), a log-parabola (LP) EED, a power-law log-parabola (PLLP) EED and a broken power-law (BPL) EED, are assumed in fits. We find that the one-zone SSC model with the PLLP EED provides successful fits to all the 12 SEDs. However, the one-zone SSC model with the LP and BPL EEDs fail to provide acceptable fits to the highest energy X-ray data or GeV data in several states. We therefore conclude that the one-zone SSC model works well in explaining the SEDs of Mrk 421, and the PLLP EED is preferred over the LP and BPL EEDs for Mrk 421 during the flare in 2010 March. We derive magnetic field B ' ~ 0.01 G, Doppler factor D ~30–50 and the curvature parameter of EED r ~ 1–10 in the model with the PLLP EED. The evolutions of model parameters are explored. The physical implications of our results are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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