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  • 2020-2024  (37)
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  • 1
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    The physiological response of an Antarctic key phytoplankton species to low iron and manganese concentrations (2023)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) availability and the divergent requirements of phytoplankton species were recently shown to be potential important drivers of Southern Ocean community composition. Knowledge about Antarctic phytoplankton species requirements for Fe and Mn remains, however, scarce. By performing laboratory experiments and additional calculations of the photosynthetic electron transport, we investigated the response of the ecologically important species 〈italic toggle="no"〉Phaeocystis antarctica〈/italic〉 under a combination of different Fe and Mn concentrations. Fe deprivation alone provoked typical physiological characteristics of Fe limitation in 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 (e.g., lowered growth and photosynthetic efficiency). In comparison, under Mn deprivation alone, the growth and carbon production of 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 were not impacted. Its tolerance to cope with low Mn concentrations resulted from an efficient photoacclimation strategy, including a higher number of active photosystems II through which fewer electrons were transported. This strategy allowed us to maintain similar high growth and carbon production rates as FeMn‐enriched cells. Due to its low Mn requirement, 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 performed physiologically as Fe‐deprived cells under the combined depletion of Fe and Mn. Hence, our study reveals that different from other Southern Ocean phytoplankton species, 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 possesses a high capacity to cope with natural low Mn concentrations, which can facilitate its dominance over others, potentially explaining its ecological success across the Southern Ocean.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944462
    Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; Southern Ocean ; Antarctic phytoplankton ; Trace metal ; photophysiology ; carbon fixation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Responses of a natural phytoplankton community from the Drake Passage to two predicted climate change scenarios (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Contrasting models predict two different climate change scenarios for the Southern Ocean (SO), forecasting either less or stronger vertical mixing of the water column. To investigate the responses of SO phytoplankton to these future conditions, we sampled a natural diatom dominated (63%) community from today's relatively moderately mixed Drake Passage waters with both low availabilities of iron (Fe) and light. The phytoplankton community was then incubated at these ambient open ocean conditions (low Fe and low light, moderate mixing treatment), representing a control treatment. In addition, the phytoplankton was grown under two future mixing scenarios based on current climate model predictions. Mixing was simulated by changes in light and Fe availabilities. The two future scenarios consisted of a low mixing scenario (low Fe and higher light, low mixing treatment) and a strong mixing scenario (high Fe and low light, strong mixing treatment). In addition, communities of each mixing scenario were exposed to ambient and low pH, the latter simulating ocean acidification (OA). The effects of the scenarios on particulate organic carbon (POC) production, trace metal to carbon ratios, photophysiology and the relative numerical contribution of diatoms and nanoflagellates were assessed. During the first growth phase, at ambient pH both future mixing scenarios promoted the numerical abundance of diatoms (~75%) relative to nanoflagellates. This positive effect, however, vanished in response to OA in the communities of both future mixing scenarios (~65%), with different effects for their productivity. At the end of the experiment, diatoms remained numerically the most abundant phytoplankton group across all treatments (~80%). In addition, POC production was increased in the two future mixing scenarios under OA. Overall, this study suggests a continued numerical dominance of diatoms as well as higher carbon fixation in response to both future mixing scenarios under OA, irrespective of different changes in light and Fe availability.
    Keywords: Carbon, organic, particulate, net production; Carbon, organic, particulate, net production, standard deviation; CO2; compiled data; diatoms; DrakePassage; Experiment/study setup; Experimental treatment; Growth phase; iron; Iron/Carbon ratio; Iron/Carbon ratio, standard deviation; Light; mixing; Multiple stressors; Ocean acidification; pH; Photochemical quantum yield; Photochemical quantum yield, standard deviation; Pigments, light harvesting/light protective ratio; Pigments, light harvesting/light protective ratio, standard deviation; Scenario; Southern Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 168 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Nitrate and silicate responses of a natural phytoplankton community from the Drake Passage to different climate change scenarios (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Contrasting models predict two different climate change scenarios for the Southern Ocean (SO), forecasting either less or stronger vertical mixing of the water column. To investigate the responses of SO phytoplankton to these future conditions, we sampled a natural diatom dominated (63%) community from today's relatively moderately mixed Drake Passage waters with both low availabilities of iron (Fe) and light. The phytoplankton community was then incubated at these ambient open ocean conditions (low Fe and low light, moderate mixing treatment), representing a control treatment. In addition, the phytoplankton was grown under two future mixing scenarios based on current climate model predictions. Mixing was simulated by changes in light and Fe availabilities. The two future scenarios consisted of a low mixing scenario (low Fe and higher light, low mixing treatment) and a strong mixing scenario (high Fe and low light, strong mixing treatment). In addition, communities of each mixing scenario were exposed to ambient and low pH, the latter simulating ocean acidification (OA). The effects of the scenarios on particulate organic carbon (POC) production, trace metal to carbon ratios, photophysiology and the relative numerical contribution of diatoms and nanoflagellates were assessed. During the first growth phase, at ambient pH both future mixing scenarios promoted the numerical abundance of diatoms (~75%) relative to nanoflagellates. This positive effect, however, vanished in response to OA in the communities of both future mixing scenarios (~65%), with different effects for their productivity. At the end of the experiment, diatoms remained numerically the most abundant phytoplankton group across all treatments (~80%). In addition, POC production was increased in the two future mixing scenarios under OA. Overall, this study suggests a continued numerical dominance of diatoms as well as higher carbon fixation in response to both future mixing scenarios under OA, irrespective of different changes in light and Fe availability.
    Keywords: CO2; compiled data; diatoms; DrakePassage; Experimental treatment; Incubation duration; iron; Light; mixing; Multiple stressors; Nitrate; Nitrate, standard deviation; Ocean acidification; pH; Silicate; Silicate, standard deviation; Southern Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 343 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Grazing of nano- and microzooplankton on, and growth of picoplankton and nanoplankton at Western Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: The dataset shows the orginal data based on which grazing rates of micro- and nanozooplankton and the growth rates of their prey, in austral autumn (April) close to the Antarctic Peninsula in the SO, were calculated in Böckmann et al. (2024). The data was measured by dilution experiments. Besides the, in such experiments classically investigated chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, abundances of picoplankton and nanoplankton as well as bacterial abundances were measured at three stations in the Bransfield Strait, Drake Passage and Scotia Sea. Samples were taken during PS112 from a depth of 25 meters, using a polyethylene line connected to an ALMATEC membrane pump, by careful (laminar flow, 3-6 liters per minute, bubble free bottle filling) and trace metal clean techniques, successfully used since 2014. The data was collected to investigate the importance that nano- and microzooplankton grazers have for the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean.
    Keywords: Ammonium; ANT-XXXIII/3; Bacteria, high DNA; Bacteria, low DNA; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate fractionated; Chlorophyll a; Continuous flow autoanalyzer, Alliance Instruments, Evolution III; Date/time end, experiment; Date/time start, experiment; Diatoms; dilution experiment; Dinoflagellates; Drake Passage; Elemental analyzer, HEKAtech, Euro Vector CHNS-O; Event label; Experimental treatment; Flow cytometer, BD Biosciences, BD Accuri C6; grazing rates; growth rates; In situ pump; Inverted light microscopy, Zeiss, Axio Observer D1; ISP; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory fluorometer, Turner, Trilogy; microzooplankton; Nanoeukaryotes; Nanoflagellates; nanozooplankton; Nitrate; Nitrite; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Nitrogen, organic, particulate fractionated; Phosphate; Picoeukaryotes, fractionated; Polarstern; Population Shift and Ecosystem Response – Krill vs. Salps; POSER; PS112; PS112_106-1; PS112_26-1; PS112_61-3; Replicate; Sample code/label; Scotia Sea; Silicate; Southern Ocean; Type of study; WAP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 953 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Uptake of iron into Southern Ocean phytoplankton cells from the pre-incubated water (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Keywords: ANT-XXXIII/3; Comment; fecal pellet; Filter, pore size; Incubation duration; In situ pump; Iron, dissolved; Iron, dissolved, standard deviation; iron release; iron uptake; Iron uptake; ISP; krill; Phytoplankton iron uptake; Phytoplankton iron uptake, standard deviation; Polarstern; PS112; PS112_61-3; Quotient; Replicate; Salp; Scotia Sea; Southern Ocean; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 402 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Dissolved iron release from salp and krill fecal pellets and uptake of iron into Southern Ocean phytoplankton (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: Dataset 1 shows the dissolved iron (dFe) values of an iron release experiment performed in the Southern Ocean at the tip of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Krill and salp fecal pellets (FP) were incubated in filtered seawater (FSW) and seawater with phytoplankton (SWP). After 48 hours of incubation the dFe concentrations were measured. Numbers marked in red have been recognized as outliers (due to contamination or analytic error) and have been excluded from statistical analysis. Dataset 2 shows the uptake of iron into Southern Ocean phytoplankton cells from the pre-incubated water. The uptake was measured using the radiotracer 55Fe into two size classes of plankton (0.2-2µm and 〉2µm). Total dFe uptake is the sum of the two size classes. Lines marked in orange have been excluded from statistical analysis because respective dissolved iron concentrations were not reliable. The data for both datasets was collected between 04/11/2018 and 04/14/2018 (campaign PS112) at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (60° 44.455 S 54° 30.477 W) from a depth of 25 m. The data was collected in order to compare the bioavailability of iron from salp and krill FP to a Southern Ocean plankton community. All sampling steps were performed in trace metal clean ways.
    Keywords: fecal pellet; iron release; iron uptake; krill; Salp; Southern Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Dissolved iron concentrations of the initial water prior to the experiment (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: This table shows the dissolved iron concentrations of the initial water prior to the experiment (Initial) and after the incubation with salp and krill fecal pellets in filtered seawater (FSW) and seawater containing phytoplankton (SWP) as well as respective controls. Numbers marked in red have been recognized as outliers (due to contamination or analytic error) and have been excluded from statistical analysis.
    Keywords: ANT-XXXIII/3; DEPTH, water; fecal pellet; In situ pump; Iron, dissolved; iron release; iron uptake; ISP; krill; Polarstern; PS112; PS112_61-3; Salp; Scotia Sea; Southern Ocean; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 44 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Acidification and iron limitation effects on the photophysiology, growth, carbon production, and cellular pigment and trace metal quotas of the Antarctic phytoplankton Geminigera cryophila and Pseudo‐nitzschia subcurvata (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Ecophysiological studies looking at the combined effects of ocean acidification (OA) and iron (Fe) availability on Southern Ocean (SO) phytoplankton are still limited. To gain a better mechanistic understanding of how the two ecologically important SO phytoplankton groups cope with OA and Fe limitation, we conducted laboratory incubation experiments on the Antarctic cryptophyte Geminigera cryophila and the diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia subcurvata. Geminigera cryophila (CCMP 2564) was isolated from the Southern Ocean and obtained from Matt Johnson's Laboratory of Protistan Ecology at the Woods Hole Oceanography Institute, United States. Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata was isolated from the Southern Ocean by P. Assmy during Polarstern expedition ANT- XXI/4. Both species were grown at 2°C under different pCO2 (400 vs. 900 μatm) and Fe (0.6 vs. 1.2 nM) conditions. For P. subcurvata, an additional high pCO2 level was applied (1400 μatm). For both species, growth, photophysiology, cellular quotas of particulate organic carbon, trace metals and pigments were assessed. Our study reveals that Fe limitation was detrimental for the growth of G. cryophila and suppressed the positive OA effect. The diatom was efficient in coping with low Fe, but was stressed by OA while both factors together strongly impacted its growth. The distinct physiological response of both species to OA and Fe limitation explains their occurrence in the field. Based on our results, Fe availability is an important modulator of OA effects on SO phytoplankton, with different implications on the occurrence of cryptophytes and diatoms in the future.
    Keywords: Alloxanthin; Alloxanthin, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Chlorophyll c2; Chlorophyll c2, standard deviation; Cobalt/Carbon ratio; Cobalt/Carbon ratio, standard deviation; Connectivity between photosystem II; Connectivity between photosystem II, standard deviation; Copper/Carbon ratio; Copper/Carbon ratio, standard deviation; cryptophytes; culture experiment; Diadinoxanthin; Diadinoxanthin, standard deviation; diatoms; Electron transport rate, absolute; Electron transport rate, absolute, standard deviation; Elemental analyzer, HEKAtechGmbH, Euro EA; Fluorometer, fast repetition rate; FRRF; Fucoxanthin; Fucoxanthin, standard deviation; Functional absorption cross sections of photosystem II reaction centers; Functional absorption cross sections of photosystem II reaction centers, standard deviation; Functional photosystem II reaction centers; Functional photosystem II reaction centers, standard deviation; Growth rate, standard deviation; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), Attom, Nu Instruments; Iron, cellular quota; Iron, cellular quota, standard deviation; Iron/Carbon ratio; Iron/Carbon ratio, standard deviation; Iron limitation; Irradiance; Laboratory experiment; Light microscopy (Utermöhl 1958); Light saturation point; Light saturation point, standard deviation; Light use efficiency; Manganese/Carbon ratio; Manganese/Carbon ratio, standard deviation; Maximal electron transport rate, standard deviation; Maximum light utilization efficiency, standard deviation; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, recovery; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, recovery, standard deviation; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, standard deviation; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Non photochemical quenching; Non photochemical quenching, standard deviation; Ocean acidification; Particulate organic carbon, production, standard deviation; Particulate organic nitrogen production, standard deviation; Phytoplankton growth rate; Production of particulate organic carbon; Registration number of species; Reverse phase HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography); Southern Ocean; Species; Treatment: dissolved iron; Treatment: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Type of study; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zinc/Carbon ratio; Zinc/Carbon ratio, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3068 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Chlorophyll a-content of all (total), the small (0.2-2 μm) and the large (〉 2 μm) cells determined from the community sampled at station West and East (PS97) before and after exposure to different Fe and Mn availabilities (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Two Fe-Mn bottle amendment experiments with two natural phytoplankton communities were performed during Polarstern expedition PS97 in 2016 in the Drake Passage. At two locations, sea water was pumped (using trace metals clean techniques) from 25m depth and used to fill polycarbonate bottles after having passed through a cleaned 200 μm mesh (removing large grazers). The Control treatment was the sampled seawater without any trace metals addition while the other three treatments were enriched with either FeCl3 alone (0.5 nM; +Fe treatment) or MnCl2 alone (1 nM; +Mn treatment) or both trace metals together (+FeMn treatment). All treatments were done in triplicate 2,5L PC bottles. All incubation bottles were maintained at 30 μmol photons m-2 s-1 under a 16:8 (light:dark) hour cycle at 1 ̊C. Chlorophyll a samples were taken at the beginning and the end of both experiments. In order to compare the contribution of large (〉2 μm) relative to small cells (0.2-2 μm), 250 mL (on average) of samples were filtered onto 0.2 μm (for the total fraction) and 2 µm (for the large fraction) polycarbonate filters, hence the small fraction was calculated as the difference of the total and the large fraction. All samples were directly flash frozen into liquid nitrogen (N~2~) and then stored at −80 ̊C in the dark until further analysis. After being homogenized, samples were extracted in 90% acetone for 24h at 4 ̊C in the dark and analyzed fluorometrically on a Trilogy Fluorometer.
    Keywords: ANT-XXXI/3; Calculated; Chlorophyll a, size fraction 〉 2 µm; Chlorophyll a, size fraction 0.2-2 µm; Chlorophyll a, total; co-limitation; Drake Passage; Event label; Experiment; Experimental treatment; Incubation duration; Laboratory fluorometer, Turner, Trilogy; Membrane pump; MP; Phytoplankton composition; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS97; PS97/043-1; PS97/087-4; Scotia Sea; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; trace elements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 164 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Cell growth and Particulate Organic Carbon / Nitrogen content of Phaeocystis antarctica after exposure to different Fe and Mn availabilities at the end of the experiment (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Cell counts and POC/PON content of P.antartica for the 4 different treatments were determined at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The cell density and size were determined using a Beckman MultisizerTM 3 Coulter Counter® with a 100 μm aperture. For the POC/PON, 250 mL of water were filtered onto pre-combusted glass-fiber filters (15h, 500 ̊C, GF/F, ~0.6 μm, 25 mm, Whatman, Wisconsin, USA) and stored at -20°C in pre-combusted glass petri dishes. Prior to analysis with an Euro Elemental Analyzer 3000 CHNS-O (HEKAtech GmbH), the filters were dried for 〉 12h at 60 °C and then acidified with 200 μL of 0.2N HCL to remove inorganic carbon and dried a second time. Contents of POC and PON were corrected for blank measurements and normalized to filtered volume and cell densities to yield cellular quotas.
    Keywords: ANT-XXXIII/3; Carbon, organic, particulate; carbon fixation; Coulter counter, Beckman Coulter, Multisizer 3; Drake Passage; Element analyser Euro EA 3000; Experiment day; Fe:C ratio; growth; In situ pump; iron; ISP; manganese; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Phaeocystis antarctica; photophysiology; Phytoplankton; Polarstern; PS112; PS112_26-1; Southern Ocean; Trace metal; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 120 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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