Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- sara.palomo@uma.es -- sara.palomo@uco.es< -- ?A3B2 tpb=3mm?> -- < -- Para ID= -- fatma.turan@SUEN.GOV.TR< -- /Para> -- < -- Para ID= -- Water on Earth: Occurrence, History, Management and Challenges -- 1 Introduction and Guide to the Handbook of Water Resources Management: Discourses, Concepts and Examples -- Abstract -- 1.1 Background and Rationale of the Handbook -- 1.2 Outline and Structure of the Handbook -- 1.2.1 Part I: Water on Earth: Occurrence, History, Management and Challenges -- 1.2.2 Part II: Water and Society -- 1.2.3 Part III: Examples of Assessment of Water Resources, Their Protection and Use -- 1.2.4 Part IV: Examples of Contexts and Scales: Facets of Water Resources Management and Use, Risks and Complex Systems -- References -- 2 Water: a Unique Phenomenon and Resource -- Abstract -- 2.1 Water on Earth -- 2.1.1 The Origin and Fate of Water on Earth -- 2.1.2 Water Exchanges with Outer Space and Mantle in the Present -- 2.1.2.1 Water exchange with outer space -- 2.1.2.2 Hydro-tectonic water cycle -- 2.1.3 The Hydrosphere -- 2.1.3.1 The Hydrological Cycle -- 2.1.4 Estimates of Water in the Different Compartments of the Hydrosphere -- 2.1.4.1 World Ocean -- 2.1.4.2 Groundwater -- 2.1.4.3 Glaciers -- 2.1.4.4 Lakes -- 2.1.4.5 Wetlands -- 2.1.4.6 Biological Water -- 2.1.4.7 Reservoirs and Impoundments -- 2.1.4.8 Desalination -- 2.1.4.9 Atmospheric Water -- 2.1.4.10 Water not Accounted for -- 2.1.4.11 Fluxes -- 2.1.4.12 Temporal variability -- 2.1.5 Humans in the Hydrosphere -- 2.2 Hydrological Versus Water Cycle -- 2.2.1 Quantification of the Water Cycle at Global Scale -- 2.2.2 Estimates of Water Resources and Their Use at Continental and Regional Scales -- 2.2.3 Estimates of Water Resources at Sub-Continental, National and Basin Scales. , 2.2.4 Trends of Water Availability and Water Use at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales -- References -- 3 Water and Its Management: Dependence, Linkages and Challenges -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Surface Water Resources -- 3.2.1 The Hydrological Cycle -- 3.2.2 Surface Water Systems: Some Essential Concepts -- 3.2.2.1 Surface Runoff-Overland Flow -- 3.2.2.2 Interflow -- 3.2.2.3 Baseflow -- 3.2.3 The Water Balance -- 3.2.3.1 Overview of Hydrological Modeling -- 3.2.3.2 General Categorization -- 3.2.3.3 Lumped and Distributed Models -- 3.2.3.4 Time-scale Based Classification -- 3.2.4 Water Availability and Uses -- 3.2.4.1 Water for Human Use and Consumption -- 3.2.4.2 Environmental Water Demands -- 3.2.4.3 Water Accounting -- 3.2.5 Global Changes and Future Risks -- 3.2.5.1 Water Quality and Reuse -- 3.2.5.2 Impact of Climate Change -- 3.3 Groundwater: Dependence, Linkages and Challenges -- 3.3.1 Human Dependence on Groundwater -- 3.3.1.1 A Brief Historical Evolution -- 3.3.1.2 Importance of Hydrogeological Understanding -- 3.3.2 Groundwater Systems: Some Essential Concepts -- 3.3.2.1 Nature of Groundwater Storage and Flow -- 3.3.2.2 Evaluation of Groundwater Recharge and Balance -- 3.3.2.3 Consequences of Excessive Aquifer Exploitation -- 3.3.2.4 Processes of Groundwater Quality Degradation -- 3.3.2.5 Approaches to Groundwater Pollution Protection -- 3.3.3 Linkages to Social and Environmental Sustainability -- 3.3.3.1 Food Security and Groundwater -- 3.3.3.2 Urbanization and Groundwater -- 3.3.3.3 Human Health and Groundwater -- 3.3.3.4 Ecosystem Conservation and Groundwater -- 3.3.3.5 Extractive Industries and Groundwater -- 3.3.3.6 Geotechnical Hazards and Groundwater -- 3.3.4 Global Change and Groundwater -- 3.3.4.1 The Need for Adaptive Management -- 3.3.4.2 Impact of Global Warming -- 3.3.4.3 Impact of Land-Use Change. , 3.4 The Main Challenges of Water Resources Management in the 21st Century -- 3.4.1 Drivers and Constraints -- 3.4.1.1 The "Immediate" Drivers: Population Dynamics, Poverty and Pollution -- 3.4.1.2 "Slow" Drivers: Climate Change and Land Use/Land Cover Change -- 3.4.2 The Water Discourse: An Overview and Trends -- 3.4.3 Concepts and Issues in Water Governance and Management -- 3.4.3.1 Ecology Centered Versus Utilitarian Considerations -- 3.4.3.2 Socioecological Interconnections: Virtual and Physical Water Transfer -- 3.4.3.3 Water Governance, Security and Conflicts -- 3.4.3.4 Integrated, Adaptive and Nexus Management of Water Resources -- References -- Water and Society -- 4 A Drop in the Ocean. On Writing Histories of Water Resources Management -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Grand Narratives -- 4.3 Towards Water Histories -- 4.4 Deserts and Irrigation -- 4.5 Modern Water Knowledge: Colonial Irrigation -- 4.6 Water and Climate -- 4.7 Drop in the Ocean… -- References -- 5 Water Ethics -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Recognizing Values -- 5.1.1.1 Money Isn't Everything: The Case of the Orme Dam -- 5.1.1.2 Ethics of Water Quality -- 5.1.2 The Emergence of Water Ethics -- 5.1.3 Six Branches of Water Ethics -- 5.1.4 The Main Stem of Water Ethics -- 5.1.4.1 A Water Ethics Framework -- 5.1.5 Working with Ethics -- 5.2 Approaches to Water Ethics -- 5.2.1 Comprehensive Prescriptive Frameworks -- 5.2.1.1 UNESCO's Approach -- 5.2.1.2 Indigenous Water Ethics -- 5.2.1.3 Global Water Ethics Charter -- 5.2.2 Value-Specific Ethical Prescriptions -- 5.2.2.1 Environmental Flow Standards -- 5.2.2.2 Governance ethics: Blue Communities -- 5.3 Applying Water Ethics -- 5.3.1 Agroecology: Towards an Ethical Agriculture -- 5.3.2 Re-municipalization as a Water Ethic -- 5.3.3 Corporate Water Ethics -- 5.3.3.1 Swedish Textile Water Initiative. , 5.3.3.2 Detoxing Fashion -- 5.4 Status and Prospects for a Field of Water Ethics -- 5.4.1 The Global Consensus on Water Values -- 5.4.1.1 Sustainability Through Shared Water Values -- 5.4.2 Enabling Conditions -- 5.4.3 Nurturing the Field of Water Ethics -- References -- 6 Water Law and Rights -- Abstract -- 6.1 Water Law and Rights -- 6.2 The Concept of Law -- 6.3 Key Issues in Water Law -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 How Water Law Systems Spread Across the Planet -- 6.3.3 The Organization of Water Law -- 6.3.4 Quantity Issues -- 6.3.4.1 Introduction -- 6.3.4.2 Property Rights -- 6.3.4.3 Priority of Use and the Human Right to Water -- 6.3.4.4 Irrigation Law -- 6.3.4.5 Drought and Floods -- 6.3.5 Water Quality, Human Health and Environmental Concerns -- 6.3.6 Integrated Water Resource Law -- 6.4 Key Issues in Transboundary Water Law -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Sovereignty -- 6.4.2.1 The Evolution of Sovereignty in Water Law -- 6.4.3 Regional and Supranational Water Laws -- 6.4.4 The Global Level Agreements -- 6.4.5 Other Relevant Agreements -- 6.4.6 Dispute Resolution -- 6.5 (New) Issues in Water Law -- References -- 7 Water Discourses -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction-Political Will = (Trust + X2) * Perseverance -- 7.2 The Sustainability Discourse -- 7.2.1 Introduction: Sustainable Water Resources Management, IWRM and Water Security -- 7.2.1.1 Sustainable Water Resources Management -- 7.2.1.2 Integrated Water Resource Management -- 7.2.1.3 Water Security -- 7.2.2 Sustainability-How Do We Implement It? -- 7.2.2.1 Hydro-Economic Modeling -- 7.2.3 Sustainability-How Do We Measure Achievement? -- 7.3 Water Resources Investments and Adaptation to Climate Change -- 7.3.1 Relationship Between Climate Change and Water Resources Management -- 7.3.2 Water Security is Crucial to Achieving Adaptation to Climate Change. , 7.3.3 Fears of Climate Change Impacts Prevents Anticipation and Adaptation -- 7.3.4 Managing Variability and Risk Reduces Poverty and Creates Wealth -- 7.3.5 Communication Around Risks Impacts Policies and Governance -- 7.3.6 Behavioral Regulations Are Insufficient as Adaptive Strategies -- 7.3.7 The Focus on Adaptation Can Improve Dialogs Between the Rich and Poor -- 7.3.8 We Know Climate Change Impacts and How to Approach Them -- 7.3.9 Conclusion -- 7.4 Flood Management Policy Evolution Against Intensified Hazards and Vulnerability of Society-A Case in Japan -- 7.4.1 Heavy Rainfall Events and Risk Reduction Measures in Japan -- 7.4.2 Increasingly Intensified Water-Related Disasters -- 7.4.2.1 Changing Natural Hazards -- 7.4.2.2 Increasingly Vulnerable Society -- 7.4.3 Towards River Planning and Management that Can Adapt to Social and Environmental Changes -- 7.4.3.1 Coping with Changing Natural Hazards -- 7.4.3.2 Coping with Increasingly Vulnerable Society -- 7.5 The Water Pricing and Market Discourse -- 7.5.1 Introduction -- 7.5.2 Need for Precision and Clarity to Unravel Complexity -- 7.5.2.1 What Water? -- 7.5.3 Individual Versus Collective Positions -- 7.5.4 The Role of Politics and the Political Dilemma -- 7.5.5 Some Suggestions for a Way Forward -- 7.5.5.1 Publicise and Prioritise the Importance of Water Issues -- 7.5.5.2 Identify and Segregate the Different Conditions, Roles and Usages of Water -- 7.5.5.3 Break These Down into Their Component Parts -- 7.5.5.4 Develop a Collective Valuing of Water Approach -- 7.5.5.5 Use the Above to Define Clear Policy Objectives -- 7.5.5.6 Match These Policy Objectives with Corresponding Policies Supported by Appropriate Policy Instruments -- 7.5.5.7 Measure and Monitor All Decisions and Outcomes with Appropriate Metrics -- 7.5.5.8 Use Prices Where Possible -- 7.5.5.9 Use Taxes When Needed. , 7.5.5.10 Consider Market Principles Carefully.