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  • 2020-2024  (106)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SARS-CoV-2 infection increases risk of acute kidney injury in a bimodal age distribution
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Nephrology Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Nephrology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 develop acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently, yet gaps remain in understanding why adults seem to have higher rates compared to children. Our objectives were to evaluate the epidemiology of SARS-CoV2-related AKI across the age spectrum and determine if known risk factors such as illness severity contribute to its pattern. Methods Secondary analysis of ongoing prospective international cohort registry. AKI was defined by KDIGO-creatinine only criteria. Log-linear, logistic and generalized estimating equations assessed odds ratios (OR), risk differences (RD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AKI and mortality adjusting for sex, pre-existing comorbidities, race/ethnicity, illness severity, and clustering within centers. Sensitivity analyses assessed different baseline creatinine estimators. Results Overall, among 6874 hospitalized patients, 39.6% ( n  = 2719) developed AKI. There was a bimodal distribution of AKI by age with peaks in older age (≥60 years) and middle childhood (5–15 years), which persisted despite controlling for illness severity, pre-existing comorbidities, or different baseline creatinine estimators. For example, the adjusted OR of developing AKI among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 was 2.74 (95% CI 1.66–4.56) for 10–15-year-olds compared to 30–35-year-olds and similarly was 2.31 (95% CI 1.71–3.12) for 70–75-year-olds, while adjusted OR dropped to 1.39 (95% CI 0.97–2.00) for 40–45-year-olds compared to 30–35-year-olds. Conclusions SARS-CoV2-related AKI is common with a bimodal age distribution that is not fully explained by known risk factors or confounders. As the pandemic turns to disproportionately impacting younger individuals, this deserves further investigation as the presence of AKI and SARS-CoV2 infection increases hospital mortality risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2369
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02681-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041348-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of Early Steroid Administration With Outcomes of Children Hospitalized for COVID-19 Without Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
    American Medical Association (AMA) ; 2022
    In:  JAMA Pediatrics Vol. 176, No. 12 ( 2022-12-01), p. 1208-
    Details
    In: JAMA Pediatrics, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 176, No. 12 ( 2022-12-01), p. 1208-
    Abstract: There is limited evidence for therapeutic options for pediatric COVID-19 outside of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Objective To determine whether the use of steroids within 2 days of admission for non–MIS-C COVID-19 in children is associated with hospital length of stay (LOS). The secondary objective was to determine their association with intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, inflammation, and fever defervescence. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed data retrospectively for children ( & amp;lt;18 years) who required hospitalization for non–MIS-C COVID-19. Data from March 2020 through September 2021 were provided by 58 hospitals in 7 countries who participate in the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) COVID-19 registry. Exposure Administration of steroids within 2 days of admission. Main Outcomes and Measures Length of stay in the hospital and ICU. Adjustment for confounders was done by mixed linear regression and propensity score matching. Results A total of 1163 patients met inclusion criteria and had a median (IQR) age of 7 years (0.9-14.3). Almost half of all patients (601/1163, 51.7%) were male, 33.8% (392/1163) were non-Hispanic White, and 27.9% (324/1163) were Hispanic. Of the study population, 184 patients (15.8%) received steroids within 2 days of admission, and 979 (84.2%) did not receive steroids within the first 2 days. Among 1163 patients, 658 (56.5%) required respiratory support during hospitalization. Overall, patients in the steroids group were older and had greater severity of illness, and a larger proportion required respiratory and vasoactive support. On multivariable linear regression, after controlling for treatment with remdesivir within 2 days, country, race and ethnicity, obesity and comorbidity, number of abnormal inflammatory mediators, age, bacterial or viral coinfection, and disease severity according to ICU admission within first 2 days or World Health Organization ordinal scale of 4 or higher on admission, with a random intercept for the site, early steroid treatment was not significantly associated with hospital LOS (exponentiated coefficient, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.81-1.09; P  = .42). Separate analyses for patients with an LOS of 2 days or longer (n = 729), those receiving respiratory support at admission (n = 286), and propensity score–matched patients also showed no significant association between steroids and LOS. Early steroid treatment was not associated with ICU LOS, fever defervescence by day 3, or normalization of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions and Relevance Steroid treatment within 2 days of hospital admission in a heterogeneous cohort of pediatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19 without MIS-C did not have a statistically significant association with hospital LOS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2168-6203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3611
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    0408 Myths About Infant, Child, and Adolescent Sleep: Addressing False Beliefs That Hinder Sleep Health During These Crucial Developmental Stages
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Sleep Vol. 43, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-05-27), p. A156-A156
    Details
    In: Sleep, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 43, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-05-27), p. A156-A156
    Abstract: Sleep is vital for healthy development from infancy through adolescence. Despite its importance, false beliefs that conflict with scientific evidence (myths) may be common among caregivers and impair sleep health during these crucial stages. Methods Researchers compiled a list of potential myth statements using internet searches of popular press and scientific literature. We utilized a Delphi process with experts (n=12) from the fields of pediatric, sleep, and circadian research and clinical practice. Selection and refinement of myths by sleep experts proceeded in three phases, including: focus groups (Phase 1); email-based feedback to edit, add, or remove myths (Phase 2); and closed-ended questionnaires (Phase 3) where experts rated myths on two dimensions: (1) falseness and (2) public health significance using 5-point Likert scale: 1 (“not at all”) to 5 (“extremely false/important”). Results Thirty-two sleep myths were identified across three developmental categories: infant (14 myths), child (6 myths), and adolescent (12 myths). Mean expert ratings illuminated the most pressing myths in each developmental category: infant sleep (“Sleep training causes psychological harm, including reduced parent-child attachment:” falseness =4.7, s.d.=0.7; public health significance=4.0, s.d.=1.1); child sleep (“Heavy, loud snoring for my child means he’s sleeping deeply:” falseness=4.8, s.d.=0.6; public health significance=4.7, s.d.=0.7), and teenager sleep (“Falling asleep in class means your teenager is lazy and not motivated:” falseness=4.8, s.d.=0.5; public health significance=4.3, s.d.=0.8). Conclusion The current study identified commonly-held myths about infant, child, and adolescent sleep that are not supported by (or worse, counter to) scientific evidence. If unchecked, these myths may hinder sleep at a critical developmental stage. Future research may include public health education to correct myths and promote healthy sleep among infants, children, and teenagers. Support 5T32HL007901
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-8105 , 1550-9109
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.405
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056761-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tough, Transparent, Photocurable Hybrid Elastomers
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2020
    In:  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Vol. 12, No. 39 ( 2020-09-30), p. 44125-44136
    Details
    In: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 12, No. 39 ( 2020-09-30), p. 44125-44136
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1944-8244 , 1944-8252
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11643
    DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11643.s001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2467494-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Endogenous Cholinergic Signaling Modulates Sound-Evoked Responses of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2021-01-27), p. 674-688
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2021-01-27), p. 674-688
    Abstract: The medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) is a major source of inhibition in auditory brainstem circuitry. The MNTB projects well-timed inhibitory output to principal sound-localization nuclei in the superior olive (SOC) as well as other computationally important centers. Acoustic information is conveyed to MNTB neurons through a single calyx of Held excitatory synapse arising from the cochlear nucleus. The encoding efficacy of this large synapse depends on its activity rate, which is primarily determined by sound intensity and stimulus frequency. However, MNTB activity rate is additionally influenced by inhibition and possibly neuromodulatory inputs, albeit their functional role is unclear. Happe and Morley (2004) discovered prominent expression of α7 nAChRs in rat SOC, suggesting possible engagement of ACh-mediated modulation of neural activity in the MNTB. However, the existence and nature of this putative modulation have never been physiologically demonstrated. We probed nicotinic cholinergic influences on acoustic responses of MNTB neurons from adult gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) of either sex. We recorded tone-evoked MNTB single-neuron activity in vivo using extracellular single-unit recording. Piggyback multibarrel electrodes enabled pharmacological manipulation of nAChRs by reversibly applying antagonists to two receptor types, α7 and α4β2. We observed that tone-evoked responses are dependent on ACh modulation by both nAChR subtypes. Spontaneous activity was not affected by antagonist application. Functionally, we demonstrate that ACh contributes to sustaining high discharge rates and enhances signal encoding efficacy. Additionally, we report anatomic evidence revealing novel cholinergic projections to MNTB arising from pontine and superior olivary nuclei. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study is the first to physiologically probe how acetylcholine, a pervasive neuromodulator in the brain, influences the encoding of acoustic information by the medial nucleus of trapezoid body, the most prominent source of inhibition in brainstem sound-localization circuitry. We demonstrate that this cholinergic input enhances neural discrimination of tones from noise stimuli, which may contribute to processing important acoustic signals, such as speech. Additionally, we describe novel anatomic projections providing cholinergic input to the MNTB. Together, these findings shed new light on the contribution of neuromodulation to fundamental computational processes in auditory brainstem circuitry and to a more holistic understanding of modulatory influences in sensory processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-20.2020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiple Sources of Cholinergic Input to the Superior Olivary Complex
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neural Circuits Vol. 15 ( 2021-7-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-7-15)
    Abstract: The superior olivary complex (SOC) is a major computation center in the brainstem auditory system. Despite previous reports of high expression levels of cholinergic receptors in the SOC, few studies have addressed the functional role of acetylcholine in the region. The source of the cholinergic innervation is unknown for all but one of the nuclei of the SOC, limiting our understanding of cholinergic modulation. The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, a key inhibitory link in monaural and binaural circuits, receives cholinergic input from other SOC nuclei and also from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum. Here, we investigate whether these same regions are sources of cholinergic input to other SOC nuclei. We also investigate whether individual cholinergic cells can send collateral projections bilaterally (i.e., into both SOCs), as has been shown at other levels of the subcortical auditory system. We injected retrograde tract tracers into the SOC in gerbils, then identified retrogradely-labeled cells that were also immunolabeled for choline acetyltransferase, a marker for cholinergic cells. We found that both the SOC and the pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT) send cholinergic projections into the SOC, and these projections appear to innervate all major SOC nuclei. We also observed a small cholinergic projection into the SOC from the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus of the reticular formation. These various sources likely serve different functions; e.g., the PMT has been associated with things such as arousal and sensory gating whereas the SOC may provide feedback more closely tuned to specific auditory stimuli. Further, individual cholinergic neurons in each of these regions can send branching projections into both SOCs. Such projections present an opportunity for cholinergic modulation to be coordinated across the auditory brainstem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-5110
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.715369
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2452968-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gold-gold luminosity increase in RHIC for a beam energy scan with colliding beam energies extending below the nominal injection energy
    American Physical Society (APS) ; 2022
    In:  Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2022-5-5)
    Details
    In: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, American Physical Society (APS), Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2022-5-5)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2469-9888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.25.051001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844143-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correlating Nanomechanical Mapping and Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy for Local Properties in Interpenetrating Network Elastomers
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2023
    In:  Macromolecules Vol. 56, No. 15 ( 2023-08-08), p. 5905-5916
    Details
    In: Macromolecules, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 56, No. 15 ( 2023-08-08), p. 5905-5916
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-9297 , 1520-5835
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00752
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00752.s001
    RVK:
    UA 5210
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491942-4
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Determining Compositional Variation in Silicon–Metal Alloys by Parsing SEM/EDS Hyperspectral Images
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Microscopy and Microanalysis Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 2021-06), p. 491-498
    Details
    In: Microscopy and Microanalysis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 2021-06), p. 491-498
    Abstract: High-temperature differential scanning calorimetry was used to understand the thermal properties of Si-rich metal–silicon alloys. Insoluble metals (A and B) were found to produce an alloy with discrete ASi 2 and BSi 2 dispersed phases. In contrast, metals that form a solid solution result in a dispersed phase that has a composition of A x B 1− x Si 2 , where x varies continuously across each inclusion. This complex composition distribution is putatively caused by differences in the solidification temperatures of ASi 2 versus BSi 2 . Though this behavior was observed for several different combinations of metals, we focus here specifically on the Cr/V/Si system. To better understand the range and most probable element concentrations in the dispersed silicide domains, a method was devised to generate histograms of their Cr and V concentrations from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy hyperspectral images. Varying the Cr/V/Si ratio was found to change the shape of the element histograms, indicating that the distribution of silicide compositions that form is controlled by the input composition. Adding aluminum was found to result in dispersed phases that had a single composition rather than a range of Cr and V concentrations. This demonstrates that aluminum can be an effective additive for altering solidification kinetics in silicon alloys.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1431-9276 , 1435-8115
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1431927621000416
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481716-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 10
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    Correlative Mapping with AFM, STEM HAADF, and PF-QNM/SROM of Interpenetrating Networks of Elastomeric and Glassy Polymers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Microscopy and Microanalysis Vol. 28, No. S1 ( 2022-08-01), p. 222-223
    Details
    In: Microscopy and Microanalysis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 28, No. S1 ( 2022-08-01), p. 222-223
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1435-8115 , 1431-9276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1431927622001738
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481716-0
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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