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  • Springer  (3)
  • ACS (American Chemical Society)  (1)
  • Kiel : GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel  (1)
  • 2020-2024  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MiningImpact 2 - Environmental impacts and risks of deep-sea mining : Abschlussbericht : Vorhabenbezeichnung: Mn-Monstr - Monitoringkonzepte für einen Manganknollenabbau in der Tiefsee : Laufzeit des Vorhabens: 1.8.2018-28.2.2022 (2022)
    Kiel : GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Meeresbergbau ; Umweltbelastung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten, 1,58 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb23/1867481707.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1867481707
    DOI: 10.2314/KXP:1867481707
    Language: German , English
    Note: Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03F0812A , Verbundnummer 01183428 , Sprache der Kurzfassungen: Deutsch, Englisch
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  • 2
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    Risk Assessment for Deep-Seabed Mining (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-06
    Description: Uncertainties concerning deep-seabed mining relate to the expected impacts on the abyssal benthic and pelagic environment and its ecosystems but also include geopolitical, economic, societal and cultural uncertainty. The uncertain impacts from mining lead to anxiety and a low societal acceptance for the activity and are not the same for everybody at the same time. Hence, uncertainty is an important element of the risk involved in deep-seabed mining. This chapter describes the different risks involved, develops a methodology for risk assessment for the exploitation of marine mineral resources that takes into consideration the state of knowledge and evolving research on deep-sea ecosystems, and informs on possible environmental threshold values in relation to deep-seabed mining operations.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 3
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    Digging deep: lessons learned from meiofaunal responses to a disturbance experiment in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The deep-sea mining industry is currently at a point where large-sale, commercial polymetallic nodule exploitation is becoming a more realistic scenario. At the same time, certain aspects such as the spatiotemporal scale of impacts, sediment plume dispersion and the disturbance-related biological responses remain highly uncertain. In this paper, findings from a small-scale seabed disturbance experiment in the German contract area (Clarion-Clipperton Zone, CCZ) are described, with a focus on the soft-sediment ecosystem component. Despite the limited spatial scale of the induced disturbance on the seafloor, this experiment allowed us to evaluate how short-term (〈 1 month) soft-sediment changes can be assessed based on sediment characteristics (grain size, nutrients and pigments) and metazoan meiofaunal communities (morphological and metabarcoding analyses). Furthermore, we show how benthic measurements can be combined with numerical modelling of sediment transport to enhance our understanding of meiofaunal responses to increased sedimentation levels. The lessons learned within this study highlight the major issues of current deep-sea mining-related ecological research such as deficient baseline knowledge, unrepresentative impact intensity of mining simulations and challenges associated with sampling trade-offs (e.g., replication).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Production Method under Surveillance: Laboratory Pilot-Scale Simulation of CH 4 –CO 2 Exchange in a Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoir (2021)
    ACS (American Chemical Society)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The "guest exchange"of methane (CH4) by carbon dioxide (CO2) in naturally occurring gas hydrates is seen as a possibility to concurrently produce CH4 and sequester CO2. Presently, process evaluation is based on CH4-CO2 exchange yields of small-or medium-scale laboratory experiments, mostly neglecting mass and heat transfer processes. This work investigates process efficiencies in two large-scale experiments (210 L sample volume) using fully water-saturated, natural reservoir conditions and a gas hydrate saturation of 50%. After injecting 50 kg of heated CO2 discontinuously (E1) and continuously (E2) and a subsequent soaking period, the reservoir was depressurized discontinuously. It was monitored using electrical resistivity, temperature and pressure sensors, and fluid flow and gas composition measurements. Phase and component inventories were analyzed based on mass and volume balances. The total CH4 production during CO2 injection was only 5% of the initial CH4 inventory. Prior to CO2 breakthrough, the produced CH4 roughly equaled dissolved CH4 in the produced pore water, which balanced the volume of the injected CO2. After CO2 breakthrough, CH4 ratios in the released CO2 quickly dropped to 2.0-0.5 vol %. The total CO2 retention was the highest just before the CO2 breakthrough and higher in E1 where discontinuous injection improved the distribution of injected CO2 and subsequent mixed hydrate formation. The processes were improved by the succession of CO2 injection by controlled degassing at stability limits below that of the pure CH4 hydrate, particularly in experiment E2. Here, a more heterogeneous distribution of liquid CO2 and larger availability of free water led to smaller initial degassing of liquid CO2. This allowed for quick re-formation of mixed gas hydrates and CH4 ratios of 50% in the produced gases. The experiments demonstrate the importance of fluid migration patterns, heat transport, sample inhomogeneity, and secondary gas hydrate formation in water-saturated sediments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Rapid shipboard measurement of net-collected marine microplastic polymer types using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Isolation and detection of microplastics (MP) in marine samples is extremely cost- and labor-intensive, limiting the speed and amount of data that can be collected. In the current work, we describe rapid measurement of net-collected MPs (net mesh size 300 µm) using a benchtop near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system during a research expedition to the subtropical North Atlantic gyre. Suspected plastic particles were identified microscopically and mounted on a black adhesive background. Particles were imaged with a Specim FX17 near-infrared linescan camera and a motorized stage. A particle mapping procedure was built on existing edge-finding algorithms and a polymer identification method developed using spectra from virgin polymer reference materials. This preliminary work focused on polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene as they are less dense than seawater and therefore likely to be found floating in the open ocean. A total of 27 net tows sampled 2534 suspected MP particles that were imaged and analyzed at sea. Approximately 77.1% of particles were identified as polyethylene, followed by polypropylene (9.2%). A small fraction of polystyrene was detected only at one station. Approximately 13.6% of particles were either other plastic polymers or were natural materials visually misidentified as plastics. Particle size distributions for PE and PP particles with a length greater than 1 mm followed an approximate power law relationship with abundance. This method allowed at-sea, near real-time identification of MP polymer types and particle dimensions, and shows great promise for rapid field measurements of microplastics in net-collected samples.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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