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  • 2020-2024  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (10)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (379 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783527845705
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Overview of Flexible Electronic Encapsulating Technology -- 1.1 Flexible Electronics Overview -- 1.2 Development of Flexible Electronic Encapsulating Technology -- 1.2.1 Flip Chip Process -- 1.2.2 Progress of CIF‐Based Flexible Electronic Encapsulating Technology -- 1.3 Encapsulating Technology of Several Important Flexible Electronic Devices -- 1.3.1 Organic Light‐Emitting Diode -- 1.3.2 Flexible Solar Cell Encapsulating -- 1.3.3 Flexible Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells -- 1.3.4 Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells -- 1.4 Flexible Electronic Encapsulating Materials -- 1.4.1 Selection Principle of Flexible Electronic Encapsulating Materials -- 1.4.2 Desirable Properties of Flexible Electronic Encapsulating Materials -- 1.5 Overview of the Development of Flexible Electronic Packaging at Home and Abroad -- References -- Chapter 2 Basic Concepts Related to Flexible Electronic Packaging -- 2.1 Composition of Flexible Electronic Packaging -- 2.1.1 Flexible Substrate -- 2.1.2 Electronic Components -- 2.1.3 Crosslinked Conductive Materials -- 2.1.4 Adhesive Layer -- 2.1.5 Coating Layer -- 2.2 Flexible Electronic Packaging Structure -- 2.2.1 Curved Structures of Hard Thin Films -- 2.2.2 Island‐Bridge Structure -- 2.2.3 Pre‐strained Super‐Soft Interconnect Structure -- 2.2.4 Open Grid Structure -- 2.3 Encapsulation Principle -- 2.3.1 Basic Principle of Penetration -- 2.3.2 Permeation Mechanism of Water Vapor and Gas -- 2.3.3 Barrier Performance Measurement -- 2.3.4 Thin‐Film Barrier Technology for Organic Devices -- 2.3.4.1 Single‐Layer Film Package -- 2.3.4.2 Multilayer Film Packaging -- 2.3.5 Film Encapsulation Mechanics -- 2.4 Packaging Technology -- 2.4.1 Local Multilayer Packaging -- 2.4.2 Multilayer Barrier Film Packaging -- 2.4.3 Online Thin‐Film Encapsulation. , 2.4.4 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Encapsulation -- 2.4.5 Inkjet Packaging -- 2.4.6 Flexible Glass Packaging -- 2.5 Packaging Stability -- 2.6 Encapsulated Products -- 2.7 Chapter Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Flexible Substrates -- 3.1 Concept and Connotation of Flexible Substrates -- 3.2 Development History of Flexible Substrates -- 3.3 Flexible Substrate Materials -- 3.3.1 Polydimethylsiloxane -- 3.3.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol -- 3.3.3 Polycarbonate -- 3.3.4 Polyester -- 3.3.5 Polyimide -- 3.3.6 Polyurethane -- 3.3.7 Parylene -- 3.3.8 Liquid Crystal Polymer -- 3.3.9 Hydrogel -- 3.4 Molding Technology of Flexible Substrate -- 3.4.1 Coating Technology -- 3.4.1.1 Dip Coating Method -- 3.4.1.2 Air Knife Coating Method -- 3.4.1.3 Scraper Coating Method -- 3.4.1.4 Rotary Coating Method -- 3.4.2 Melt Extrusion Molding -- 3.4.3 Melt Extrusion Blow Molding -- 3.4.4 Solution Tape Casting -- 3.4.5 Bidirectional Drawing Molding -- 3.4.6 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 3.5 Performance Evaluation of Flexible Substrates -- 3.5.1 Mechanical Flexibility -- 3.5.2 Ductility -- 3.5.3 Adhesive Property -- 3.5.4 Barrier Property -- 3.5.5 Electrical Property -- 3.5.6 Chemical Stability -- 3.5.7 Dimensional Stability -- 3.5.8 Surface Smoothness and Thickness Uniformity -- 3.5.9 Optical Clarity (Transmittance) -- 3.5.10 Biocompatibility -- 3.5.11 Bioabsorbability -- 3.6 Application of Flexible Substrates -- 3.6.1 Flexible Display Substrates -- 3.6.2 Flexible Electrode Substrates -- 3.6.3 Flexible Sensing Substrates -- 3.7 Development Trend of Flexible Substrates -- 3.7.1 Intelligent and Functional Flexible Substrates -- 3.7.2 Green Degradable Flexible Substrates -- 3.7.3 Optimization of Interface Compatibility of Flexible Substrates -- References -- Chapter 4 Test Methods -- 4.1 Sealing Test -- 4.1.1 Direct Diffusion Method -- 4.1.1.1 Weight Cup Test. , 4.1.1.2 Differential Pressure Method -- 4.1.1.3 Balancing Method -- 4.1.1.4 Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometry -- 4.1.1.5 Isotope Labeling Mass Spectrometry -- 4.1.2 Indirect Optical Method -- 4.1.3 Indirect Electrical Method -- 4.1.3.1 Calcium Electrical Test -- 4.1.3.2 Dielectric Measurement Method -- 4.1.4 Indirect Electrochemical Method -- 4.1.4.1 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) -- 4.1.4.2 Leakage Current Monitoring Method (LCM) -- 4.1.4.3 Linear Scanning Voltammetry (LSV) -- 4.1.5 Indirect Electromechanical Method -- 4.2 Bending Test -- 4.2.1 Static Bending and Dynamic Bending -- 4.2.2 Three‐Point Bending and Four‐Point Bending -- 4.2.3 Push Bending and Roll Bending -- 4.2.3.1 Push Bending -- 4.2.3.2 Rolling Bend -- 4.3 Mechanical Performance Testing -- 4.4 Stability Testing -- References -- Chapter 5 Flexible Electronic Encapsulation -- 5.1 Inorganic Encapsulating Material -- 5.1.1 Metal Encapsulating Material -- 5.1.1.1 Copper, Aluminum -- 5.1.1.2 Favorable Alloys -- 5.1.1.3 Copper-Tungsten Alloy (Cu-W) -- 5.1.2 Ceramic Encapsulating Material -- 5.1.2.1 Al2O3 Ceramic Encapsulation Material -- 5.1.2.2 AlN Ceramic Encapsulation Materials -- 5.1.2.3 BeO Ceramic Encapsulation Material -- 5.1.2.4 BN Ceramic Encapsulation Materials -- 5.1.3 New Trend in Inorganic Encapsulating Materials Combined with Flexible Electronic Technology -- 5.2 Organic Encapsulating Material -- 5.2.1 Polymer Encapsulating Material -- 5.2.1.1 Epoxy Resins -- 5.2.1.2 Polyimide Resins -- 5.2.1.3 Organic Silicon -- 5.2.1.4 Bismaleimide -- 5.2.1.5 Bismaleimide Triazine Resin -- 5.2.2 Development Trend of Organic Encapsulating Materials in Flexible Electronic Devices -- 5.3 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Encapsulating Material -- 5.3.1 Application of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials in Flexible Electronics -- 5.3.1.1 Strain and Pressure Sensors. , 5.3.1.2 Temperature Sensor -- 5.3.1.3 Humidity Sensor -- 5.3.1.4 Optical Sensors -- 5.3.1.5 Other Types of Sensing Devices -- 5.3.2 Development Trends of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials -- References -- Chapter 6 Development of Flexible Electronics Packaging Technology -- 6.1 Flexible Electronics Packaging -- 6.1.1 Single‐Layer Thin‐Film Packaging -- 6.1.2 Multi‐Layer Thin‐Film Packaging -- 6.1.2.1 Barix Multilayer Thin‐Film Packaging -- 6.1.2.2 Other Multilayer Thin‐Film Packaging -- 6.2 Thin‐Film Packaging Technology -- 6.2.1 PECVD Atomic Layer Deposition Packaging Technology -- 6.2.1.1 Introduction to PECVD Technology -- 6.2.1.2 Development of PECVD Technology -- 6.2.2 ALD Atomic Layer Deposition Packaging Technology -- 6.2.2.1 Introduction to ALD Technology -- 6.2.2.2 Development of ALD Technology -- 6.2.3 Inkjet Packaging Technology -- 6.2.3.1 Introduction to Inkjet Encapsulation Technology -- 6.2.3.2 Continuous Inkjet Printing -- 6.2.3.3 Drop‐on‐Demand Inkjet Printing -- 6.2.3.4 Development of Inkjet Printing Technology -- References -- Chapter 7 Application of Flexible Electronics Packaging -- 7.1 Industry Chain Analysis of Flexible Electronics Packaging -- 7.1.1 Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream of the Flexible Electronics Industry Chain -- 7.1.2 Overview of the Development of Flexible Packaging Materials -- 7.2 Packaging Applications of Flexible OLED Devices -- 7.2.1 Stability Issues of Flexible OLED Devices -- 7.2.2 Flexible OLED Packaging Technology -- 7.2.2.1 Lack of Breakthrough in Encapsulating Technology -- 7.2.2.2 Low Yield Rate -- 7.3 Packaging Applications for Flexible Solar Cells -- 7.3.1 Inorganic Flexible Solar Cells -- 7.3.2 Organic Flexible Solar Cells -- 7.3.3 Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells -- 7.3.3.1 Structure of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells -- 7.3.3.2 Light Anode -- 7.3.3.3 Counter Electrode. , 7.4 Packaging Applications for Flexible Electronic Devices -- 7.4.1 Basic Structure of Flexible Electronic Devices -- 7.4.2 Application of Flexible Electronic Devices -- 7.4.2.1 Optoelectronics -- 7.4.2.2 Robot -- 7.4.2.3 Biomedical -- 7.4.2.4 Energy Equipment -- 7.5 Packaging Applications for Flexible Electronics Sensors -- 7.5.1 Common Materials of Flexible Sensors -- 7.5.1.1 Flexible Substrate -- 7.5.1.2 Metal Materials -- 7.5.1.3 Inorganic Semiconductor Materials -- 7.5.1.4 Organic Materials -- 7.5.1.5 Carbon Materials -- 7.5.2 Flexible Gas Sensors -- 7.5.3 Flexible Pressure Sensors -- 7.5.4 Flexible Humidity Sensor -- 7.5.5 Normal Sensors Compare with Flexible Sensors -- References -- Chapter 8 Testing Standards -- 8.1 Terminology and Alphabetic Symbols -- 8.1.1 Scope -- 8.1.2 Terms and Definitions -- 8.1.2.1 Terminology Classification -- 8.1.2.2 General Terms -- 8.1.2.3 Physical Characteristics Related Terms -- 8.1.2.4 Terms Related to Construction Elements -- 8.1.2.5 Symbols Related to Performances and Specifications -- 8.1.2.6 Terms Related to the Production Process -- 8.1.3 Alphabetic Symbols (Quantity Symbols/Unit Symbols) -- 8.1.3.1 Classification -- 8.1.3.2 Symbols -- 8.2 Mechanical Test Method (Deformation Test) -- 8.2.1 Cyclic Bending Test -- 8.2.1.1 Purpose -- 8.2.1.2 Testing Device -- 8.2.1.3 Test Procedure -- 8.2.1.4 Test Conditions and Reports -- 8.2.2 Static Bending Test -- 8.2.2.1 Purpose -- 8.2.2.2 Testing Device -- 8.2.2.3 Test Steps -- 8.2.2.4 Test Conditions and Reports -- 8.2.3 Combined Bending Test -- 8.2.3.1 Purpose -- 8.2.3.2 Testing Device -- 8.2.3.3 Test Procedure -- 8.2.3.4 Test Conditions and Reports -- 8.2.4 Rolling Test -- 8.2.4.1 Purpose -- 8.2.4.2 Testing Device -- 8.2.4.3 Test Procedure -- 8.2.4.4 Test Conditions and Reports -- 8.2.5 Static Rolling Test -- 8.2.5.1 Purpose -- 8.2.5.2 Testing Device. , 8.2.5.3 Test Procedure.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) has been increasing dramatically since the beginning of the industrial revolution and about 30% of the CO2 produced by anthropogenic activities was absorbed by the ocean. This led to a perturbation of the seawater carbonate chemistry resulting in a decrease of the average surface ocean pH by 0.1 and termed ocean acidification (OA). Projections suggest that pCO2 may reach 900 μatm by the end of the twenty-first century lowering the average pH of the surface ocean by 0.4 units. The negative impacts of OA on many species of marine invertebrates such as mollusks, echinoderms, and crustaceans are well documented. However, less attention has been paid to the impacts of low pH on fitness and immune system in crustaceans. Here, we exposed Pacific white shrimps to 3 different pHs (nominal pH 8.0, 7.9, and 7.6) over a 100-days experiment. We found that, even though there were no significant effects on fitness parameters (survival, growth and allometries between length and weight), some immune markers were modified under low pH. A significant decrease in total hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity was observed in shrimps exposed to pH 7.6 as compared to pH 8.0; and phagocytosis rate significantly decreased with decreasing pH. A significant increase in superoxide production was also observed at pH 7.6 as compared to pH 8.0. All these results suggest that a 100-days exposure to pH 7.6 did not have a direct effect on fitness but lead to a modulation of the immune response.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Arthropoda; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Hemocytes; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Length; Litopenaeus vannamei; Mass; Mortality/Survival; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Phagocytic activity; Phagocytosis; Potentiometric; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Superoxide production; Survival; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment: pH; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 297 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Previous studies have found that calcification in coral reefs is generally stronger during the day, whereas dissolution is prevalent at night. On the basis of these contrasting patterns, the diel variations of net community calcification (NCC) were monitored to examine the relative sensitivity of CaCO3 production (calcification) and dissolution in coral reefs to ocean acidification (OA), using two mesocosms that replicated a typical subtropical coral reef ecosystem in southern Taiwan. The results revealed that the daytime NCC remained unchanged, whereas the nighttime NCC decreased between the control (ambient) and treatment (OA) conditions, suggesting that carbonate dissolution could be more sensitive to OA than coral calcification. The average sensitivity of the integrated daily NCC to changes in the seawater saturation state (Omega a) was estimated to be a reduction of 54% in NCC per unit change in Omega a, which is consistent with the global average. In summary, our results support the prevailing anticipation that OA would lead to a reduction in the overall accretion of coral reef ecosystems. However, increased CaCO3 dissolution rather than decreased coral calcification could be the dominant driving force responsible for this OA-induced reduction in NCC.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2-analyzer, nondispersive infrared gas analyzer with water vapor freeze trap; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Laboratory experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Net calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Net community calcification, dark; Net community calcification, light; Net community production, oxygen; Net community production, standard deviation; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other; Oxygen, dissolved; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Respiration rate, oxygen, standard deviation; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Spectrophotometric; Temperature, water; Time point, descriptive; Treatment; Tropical; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12436 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: The Fukushima accident released short-lived Cs-134 and longer-lived Cs-137 to the ocean. The amount, although substantial, is much less than that produced during the atomic bomb tests 60 yrs ago. Cs-134 and Cs-137 are anthropogenic radionuclides and soluble in seawater, hence, the radioactivity can be used as a tracer for special event or currents. Here we collected Cs-134 and Cs-137 samples in seawaters surrounding Taiwan including the Kuroshio, the northern South China Sea, the Taiwan Strait, and the southern East China Sea from 2018 to 2021. Most surface seawater samples were collected from boats using 20-L tanks, and a few samples were gathered from the shore. Non-surface seawater samples were taken from R/Vs Ocean Researcher I, II, and III with Niskin bottles mounted on a CTD rosette. All samples were determined in the Radian Monitor Center, Atomic Energy Council of Taiwan. Ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) was used to pre-concentrated Radiocesium. Each 40-L (60-L) sample was counted for 200,000 s (120,000 s) using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with lead shielding. The detection limits of 137Cs was 0.5 Bq m−3. The averaged surface Cs-137 activities was 1.18±0.25 Bq m-3, however, the activities of Cs-134 samples were all under detection limit. Complete data are archived, including sampling date, location, water depth, temperature, salinity, and Cs-137 activity; total sample amount is 577.
    Keywords: Caesium-137; Cs-137; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; East China Sea; Fukushima accident; High-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector; Kuroshio; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MULT; Multiple investigations; Salinity; South China Sea; Taiwan_Seawater; Taiwan Strait; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1731 data points
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 57 (1992), S. 759-761 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 4894-4896 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature photoluminescence was used to study the Si+- and Si++P+-implanted InP. A broadband at ∼ 1.26 eV appears in photoluminescence spectra for Si+-implanted InP after annealing. The intensity of this broadband decreases with increasing the coimplanted P+ dose and increases with increasing the implanted Si+ dose. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence data shows that the change in the half-width of the broadband can fit the configuration coordinate model. This band is believed to be due to VP-SiP complex. The results indicate that silicon is an amphoteric species in InP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Formation of CoSi2 films by the reaction of ternary Co/Ti/Si system has been investigated. Ti and Co films were sequentially deposited on Si substrates by ion beam sputtering. It succeeded in the growth of epitaxial single-crystalline CoSi2 films on both Si(111) and Si(100) substrates through a multistep annealing process with temperatures from 550 to 900 °C in a nitrogen environment. A thin layer of TiN was formed on top of the epitaxial CoSi2. The values of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling minimum yield χmin for the epitaxial CoSi2 films were in the range of 10%–14%. The epitaxial CoSi2 grown on Si(111) was found to be composed of type B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 4041-4046 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 4600-4604 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 6062-6069 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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