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  • 2020-2024  (8)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
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  • 1
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    Isotope signals as climate proxies: the role of transfer functions in the study of terrestrial archives (1999)
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The use of stable isotopes as climate proxies is widely accepted for climate reconstruction. Re-establishing climate signals, e.g. temperature, from isotope values of biological materials requires some knowledge of the system’s response behaviour. The related problems are discussed in conjunction with stable isotopes of two different terrestrial archives: carbon isotope data of tree rings from southern Germany and oxygen isotope data of diatoms from Lake Holzmaar, Germany. Carbon isotope temperature coefficients (Δδ13C/ΔT) derived from tree rings were chosen as an example for non-linear transformation of environmental signals through biological systems explaining negative and positive temperature coefficients. Thin radial tree ring sections taken from tree rings of different species (poplar, beech and oak) show carbon isotope variations of up to 3‰ with a characteristic, annually recurring isotope pattern. This behaviour is discussed in view of time resolution, isotope signature conservation and the question of storage and remobilisation of photosynthates with time. For Lake Holzmaar it is shown that isotope proxy signals derived from diatoms may not be unambiguously translated into abiotic environmental forcing factors, such as for example temperature. Corresponding measurements reveal that the isotopic input signal varies considerably and nonlinearly with temperature.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Carbon and oxygen dual-isotopes in tree rings indicate alternative physiological responses opted by European beech trees to survive drought stress (2022)
    In:  Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-11
    Description: Poor drought tolerance of European beech trees raised concerns in Europe. We hypothesized that beech could show an opposite physiological response to the same level of climatic drought with change in edaphic drought. We performed a combined analysis of δ13C and δ18O in tree rings to reveal retrospective temporal physiological responses of trees to drought. The edaphic drought was assessed by quantifying the capacity of soil to store water in plots (classified as “dry” and “less-dry”) near the drought limit of the species in three near-natural oak-beech ecotones in Germany and Switzerland. Neighbourhood competition was quantified. A climatic drought index was calculated from meteorological records and related to the δ13C and δ18O values of the trees. Trees from dry plots showed a higher response to drought and climatic dependency than less-dry plots. Neighbourhood competetion increased δ18O values significantly. Dual isotope analysis shows a tendency of greater stomatal resistance in dry plots and higher stomatal conductance in less-dry plots. We conclude that beech trees belonging to the same population under changing soil water availability can show different physiological responses under climatic drought stress. Our finding indicates the high plasticity of the beech trees to survive drought stress with changing site conditions.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Environmental history of the German Lower Rhine Embayment during the Middle Miocene as reflected by carbon isotopes in brown coal (1999)
    In:  Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Stable carbon isotope investigations have been carried out on Miocene brown coal from the Garzweiler Seam of the German Lower Rhine Embayment. Material studied included fossil wood from seven different taxa, and brown coal matrix. Isotope results from macrofossil analysis show variations of more than 6‰ within individual samples and reveal a general isotopic difference between angiosperm and gymnosperm wood specimens. According to mean carbon isotope values found for gymnosperms, angiosperms and brown coal matrix (−23.3‰, −26.0‰ and −25.8‰), the peat-forming vegetation of the Garzweiler Seam was dominated by angiosperm taxa. Results from brown coal matrix establish a continuous high-resolution depth profile of carbon isotope variations during the late Middle Miocene. They show a significant and characteristic isotope pattern with distinct medium- and short-term cycles (high-frequency variations) in the two main units of Garzweiler Seam (locally split into three units). The medium-term δ13C variations are most likely caused by varying proportions of gymnosperms within the peat-forming vegetation while high-frequency oscillations seem to be a direct signal of environmental changes. A long-term decline of carbon isotope values observed within the complete Garzweiler Seam from base to top is presumably due to a cooling trend in the Miocene.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Die Eichenbohlen des neolithischen Brunnens von Erkelenz-Kückhoven als Klimaarchive (1998)
    In:  Brunnen der Jungsteinzeit. Internationales Symposium in Erkelenz 27.-29.10.1997 | Materialien zur Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland, Bd. 11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 5
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    Stable carbon isotope ratios of tree-ring cellulose from oak (Quercus robur) at Lake Tiefer See, Mecklenburg Lake District, Northeastern Germany (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: An annually resolved chronologies of carbon isotopes from five living oak (Quercus robur) trees have been measured from tree ring cellulose covering up to the last 180 years (1836CE – 2020CE). This tree-ring stable isotope data set was established within the ‘Terrestrial Environmental Observatories’ (TERENO) of the Helmholtz Association. The site “Lake Tiefer See” is subject to the TERENO monitoring activities at the Northeast German Lowland Observatory coordinated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. The data set comprises the δ13C records with respect to the international VPDB standard. Lake Tiefer See (53°350 N, 12°320 E) is located 90 km NNW of Berlin in the morainic terrain of the NE-German Polish Basin. It is part of in the N–S trending Klocksin Lake Chain. The sampled trees are growing at the southern shore of the lake. Fifteen co-dominant Quercus robur tree individuals were cored at about 1.3m above ground from two opposite positions using an increment corer of 5 mm diameter (Suunto, Finland or Mora, Sweden).
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 6
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    Stable oxygen isotope ratios of tree-ring cellulose from oak (Quercus robur) at Lake Tiefer See, Mecklenburg Lake District, Northeastern Germany (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: An annually resolved chronologies of oxygen isotopes from five living oak (Quercus robur) trees have been measured from tree ring cellulose covering up to the last 180 years (1836CE – 2020CE). This tree-ring stable isotope data set was established within the ‘Terrestrial Environmental Observatories’ (TERENO) of the Helmholtz Association. The site “Lake Tiefer See” is subject to the TERENO monitoring activities at the Northeast German Lowland Observatory coordinated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. The data set comprises the δ18O records with respect to the international VSMOW standard. Lake Tiefer See (53°350 N, 12°320 E) is located 90 km NNW of Berlin in the morainic terrain of the NE-German Polish Basin. It is part of in the N–S trending Klocksin Lake Chain. The sampled trees are growing at the southern shore of the lake. Fifteen co-dominant Quercus robur tree individuals were cored at about 1.3m above ground from two opposite positions using an increment corer of 5 mm diameter (Suunto, Finland or Mora, Sweden).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 7
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    European tree-ring isotopes indicate unusual recent hydroclimate (2023)
    In:  Communications Earth & Environment
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-09
    Description: In recent decades, Europe has experienced more frequent flood and drought events. However, little is known about the long-term, spatiotemporal hydroclimatic changes across Europe. Here we present a climate field reconstruction spanning the entire European continent based on tree-ring stable isotopes. A pronounced seasonal consistency in climate response across Europe leads to a unique, well-verified spatial field reconstruction of European summer hydroclimate back to AD 1600. We find three distinct phases of European hydroclimate variability as possible fingerprints of solar activity (coinciding with the Maunder Minimum and the end of the Little Ice Age) and pronounced decadal variability superimposed by a long-term drying trend from the mid-20th century. We show that the recent European summer drought (2015–2018) is highly unusual in a multi-century context and unprecedented for large parts of central and western Europe. The reconstruction provides further evidence of European summer droughts potentially being influenced by anthropogenic warming and draws attention to regional differences.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Stable oxygen isotope ratios of tree-ring cellulose from the site network of the EU-Project ‘ISONET’ (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-12
    Description: 24 European annually resolved stable isotope chronologies have been constructed from tree ring cellulose for the last 400 years (1600CE – 2003CE) for carbon and oxygen and for the last 100 years for hydrogen. Data was produced within the ISONET project (400 Years of Annual Reconstructions of European Climate Variability Using a Highly Resolved Isotopic Network,) to initiate an extensive spatiotemporal tree-ring stable isotope network across Europe funded as part of the fifth EC Framework Programme “Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development”. This data set comprises the ISONET δ18O records.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 9
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    Stable carbon isotope ratios of tree-ring cellulose from the site network of the EU-Project ‘ISONET’ (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-12
    Description: 24 European annually resolved stable isotope chronologies have been constructed from tree ring cellulose for the last 400 years (1600CE – 2003CE) for carbon and oxygen and for the last 100 years for hydrogen. Data was produced within the ISONET project (400 Years of Annual Reconstructions of European Climate Variability Using a Highly Resolved Isotopic Network,) to initiate an extensive spatiotemporal tree-ring stable isotope network across Europe funded as part of the fifth EC Framework Programme “Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development”. This data set comprises the ISONET δ13C records.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 10
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    Recent human-induced atmospheric drying across Europe unprecedented in the last 400 years (2024)
    In:  Nature Geoscience
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: The vapor pressure deficit reflects the difference between how much moisture the atmosphere could and actually does hold, a factor that fundamentally affects evapotranspiration, ecosystem functioning, and vegetation carbon uptake. Its spatial variability and long-term trends under natural versus human-influenced climate are poorly known despite being essential for predicting future effects on natural ecosystems and human societies such as crop yield, wildfires, and health. Here we combine regionally distinct reconstructions of pre-industrial summer vapor pressure deficit variability from Europe’s largest oxygen-isotope network of tree-ring cellulose with observational records and Earth system model simulations with and without human forcing included. We demonstrate that an intensification of atmospheric drying during the recent decades across different European target regions is unprecedented in a pre-industrial context and that it is attributed to human influence with more than 98% probability. The magnitude of this trend is largest in Western and Central Europe, the Alps and Pyrenees region, and the smallest in southern Fennoscandia. In view of the extreme drought and compound events of the recent years, further atmospheric drying poses an enhanced risk to vegetation, specifically in the densely populated areas of the European temperate lowlands.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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