Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Comparison of Different Climate Models Projections for Watershed Using Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study of Middle Tapi Sub-basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.1 Tapi River Basin -- 2.2 Data Used -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Hydrological Modelling Using SWAT -- 3.2 Simulation from SWAT -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Comparison of Climate Model with Base Model -- 4.2 Prediction of Hydrological Components for Future RCP Scenarios -- 5 Limitations of the Study -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Model Performance Evaluation using Streamflow and Potential Evapotranspiration over Middle Tapi Basin, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Sources -- 2.1 Middle Tapi Basin -- 2.2 Data Sources -- 3 SWAT Model -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Integrated Modeling of the Lower Tapi Basin Using SWAT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Description of Model -- 3 Study Area -- 4 Methodology and Data Collection -- 4.1 Methodology -- 4.2 Data Collection -- 5 Uncertainty Analysis and Calibration -- 6 Calibration of a SWAT Model -- 6.1 SWAT Model Predictions Evaluation and Performance -- 6.2 Analysis of Results -- 7 Results and Discussion -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Effect of Drainage Area Threshold on Stream Flow Modelling Using Arcswat -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.1 Burhanpur Sub-catchment -- 2.2 Data Used -- 3 Preparation of Input Data -- 3.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -- 3.2 Land-Use Land-Cover Map -- 3.3 Soil Map -- 3.4 Climate Input Data -- 3.5 ArcSWAT Model Development -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Comparison of ArcSWAT Streamflow Output Pre-calibration -- 4.2 Calibration of SWAT Models -- 4.3 Water Balance Analysis -- 4.4 Selection of Optimal Value of Drainage Area Threshold (km2). , 5 Conclusions -- References -- Hydrologic Impact Evaluation of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Subbasins of Tapi River Using SWAT Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.1 Sub Basins of Middle Tapi River Basin -- 3 Data Collection -- 3.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -- 3.2 Land Cover/Land Use (LULC) -- 3.3 Soil Data -- 3.4 Weather Data -- 3.5 Streamflow Data -- 4 Materials and Methods -- 4.1 SWAT Model -- 4.2 Selection of Input Parameters -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Calibration and Validation -- 5.2 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Change -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Temporal Variation of Percolation and Evapotranspiration Components in the Water Cycle for the Ropar District, Punjab, India, Using SWAT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Calibration and Validation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- The Role of Objective Functions in Assessment of Water Balance Components Using SUFI-2 Algorithm in Semi-arid Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 SWAT Input Data -- 2.3 Model Setup -- 2.4 Parameterization -- 2.5 Objective Functions -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Model Calibration and Validation -- 3.2 Calibration and Validation -- 3.3 Statistical Performance of Model -- 3.4 Water Balance Estimation -- 3.5 Best-Fitted Parameters -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Assessment of Future Land Use Land Cover Change Impacts on Hydrologic Regime of a River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.1 Periyar River Basin (PRB) -- 2.2 Data Collection -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 SWAT Model -- 3.2 Classification and Future LULC Projection -- 3.3 Calibration and Validation of the SWAT Model -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 LULC Change from 1988 and 2050. , 4.2 Calibration and Validation of the SWAT Model -- 4.3 Impacts of Historical and Projected LULC Change -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Hydrological Parameters: Evaluation of Water Balance Components of a River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Used and Methodology -- 2.1 Methodology -- 2.2 Selection of Input Parameters -- 2.3 SWAT Hydrological Model Overview -- 2.4 Thematic Maps -- 2.5 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) -- 2.6 Soil Map -- 2.7 Digital Elevation Model Map -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Watershed MNJR012 -- 3.2 Watershed MNJR013 -- 3.3 Validation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Anthropogenic Influence on Streamflow in the Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.1 Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin -- 2.2 Data Collection -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Quantifying Impacts on Streamflow -- 3.2 SWAT Model Setup -- 3.3 Mann-Kendall's Test -- 3.4 Sen's Slope Test -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 4.1 Precipitation and Temperature Trend Analysis at the Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin -- 4.2 Streamflow Trend Analysis at the Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin -- 4.3 Performance of SWAT Model -- 4.4 Streamflow Reconstruction for Impact Period -- 4.5 Quantification of Impacts on Streamflow at Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin -- 4.6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Estimation of River Discharge in Mandovi Basin, Goa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Description of SWAT Model -- 3.2 Data Collection -- 3.3 Evaluation of Model Performance -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Reservoir Sedimentation Analysis Using SWAT Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 2.1 Description of Study Area -- 2.2 SWAT Model -- 2.3 Data Used -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Model Performance -- 3.2 Model Calibration -- 3.3 Model Validation -- 3.4 Sediment Yield. , 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Assessing the Performance of SWOT Simulator in Estimating River Discharge of a Tropical Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area, Material, and Method -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 In Situ Data Requirement -- 2.3 Surface Water Extend from Satellite -- 2.4 CNES SWOT Hydrology Simulator -- 2.5 SWOT RiverObs Simulator -- 2.6 Empirical Equation -- 3 Performance Evaluation -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Intercomparison of the Performance of CHIRPS Satellite Rainfall Data and Gauge Gridded IMD Data for Hydrological Modelling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 2.1 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.2 MIKE NAM Model -- 2.3 Selection of Input Parameters -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- PMF Estimation for Extreme Events from PMP Atlas, a GIS, and Hydrologic Model-Based Case Study in Tehri Catchment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A Review: Contribution of HEC-HMS Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Reviewed Papers -- 3 Application of HEC-HMS Model -- 3.1 Application for Streamflow Simulation -- 3.2 Application for Flood Modelling -- 4 Limitations -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Simulation of Reservoir Inflow Using HEC-HMS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 2.1 Data Used -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Calibration -- 3.2 Validation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Effect of Changes in Land Use/Land Cover on Runoff from Watershed Using CN Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Study Area and Data Source -- 3.1 Muktha River Sub-watershed -- 3.2 Data Collection -- 3.3 Antecedent Moisture Condition -- 3.4 Area Weighted CN -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusions. , References -- Examining Curve Number-Based Modified Models for Runoff Estimation -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 M1 Model -- 1.2 M2 Model -- 1.3 M3 Model -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Watersheds and Data -- 2.2 Performance Evaluation -- 2.3 Parameter Estimation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Development of Short-Term Reservoir Level Forecasting Models: A Case Study of Ajwa-Pratappura Reservoir System of Vishwamitri River Basin of Central Gujarat -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Estimation of Runoff Using SCS-CN Method -- 3 Study Area and Data Source -- 3.1 Ajwa Dam -- 3.2 Data Used -- 3.3 Rainfall and Reservoir Water Level Data -- 3.4 Model Development -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 4.1 2019 Storm -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Performance Assessment of Modest Event-Based Rainfall-Runoff Model -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 NRCS-CN Model -- 1.2 Proposed Model -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Selection -- 2.3 Parameter Estimation -- 2.4 Performance Evaluation -- 2.5 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Performance Evaluation of Lumped Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Genie Rural (GR) Hydrological Models for Streamflow Simulation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.1 Bharathapuzha River Sub-Basin -- 2.2 Data Used -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Rainfall-Runoff Models -- 3.2 GR4J Model -- 3.3 GR5J Model -- 3.4 GR6J Model -- 3.5 Calibration and Validation Procedure -- 3.6 Assessment of Model Performance -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Snow Cover in Sutlej Basin Using MODIS Snow Cover Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.1 Sutlej River Basin -- 3 Data Used -- 3.1 Satellite Snow Cover Product -- 3.2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -- 4 Methodology. , 4.1 Terra and Aqua Combination for Minimizing Cloud Pixels.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Trend Analyses of Seasonal Mean Temperature Series Pertaining to the Tapi River Basin Using Monthly Data -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Data -- 1.3 Study Area -- 1.4 Methodology -- 1.5 Results -- 1.5.1 Trend Analysis of Regional Winter Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.5.2 Trend Analysis of Regional Pre-monsoon Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.5.3 Trend Analysis of Regional Monsoon Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.5.4 Trend Analysis of Regional Post-monsoon Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Dry Spell and Wet Spell Characterisation of Nandani River Basin, Western Maharashtra, India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Objective -- 2.3 Study Area and Methodology -- 2.3.1 Data Used -- 2.3.2 Method -- 2.3.3 Identification of Wet and Dry Spell -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Assessment of Climate Change on Crop Water Requirement in Tandula Command of Chhattisgarh (India) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Study Area and Data Used -- 3.3 Methodology -- 3.3.1 Statistical Downscaling -- 3.3.2 Reference Crop Evapotranspiration (ETo) -- 3.3.3 Computation of Irrigation Water Requirement -- 3.4 Analysis of Results -- 3.4.1 Future Projection of Climate Parameters and Rainfall -- 3.4.2 Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirement -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Regime of Narmada River Basin -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Literature Review -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.3.1 Study Area -- 4.3.2 Data and Methodology -- 4.3.3 Model Working Flowchart -- 4.4 ANN Used in Runoff Modelling -- 4.5 Wavelet Transform: A Data Processing Technique -- 4.6 Efficiency Parameters -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References. , 5 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Ethiopia -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Water Resources of Ethiopia -- 5.3 Ethiopian Contribution to Global Greenhouse Emission -- 5.4 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Ethiopia -- 5.4.1 Observed (Historical) Impacts on Water Resource -- 5.4.2 Potential Impacts on Water Resource -- 5.5 State Reaction for Threats of Climate Change in Ethiopia -- 5.6 Adaptation and Mitigation Techniques in Ethiopia -- 5.7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 6 Spatio-Temporal Trend Analysis of Long-Term IMD-Gridded Precipitation in Godavari River Basin, India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area and Datasets Used -- 6.3 Methodology -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Forecasting Reference Evapotranspiration Using Artificial Neural Network for Nagpur Region -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.4 Results and Discussions -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Time-Varying Downscaling Model (TVDM) and its Benefit to Capture Extreme Rainfall -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Materials and Methodology -- 8.3.1 Data Used -- 8.3.2 Methodology -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.4.1 Calibration Period -- 8.4.2 Validation Period -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 An Assessment of Impact of Land Use-Land Cover and Climate Change on Quality of River Using Water Quality Index -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Land Use-Land Cover -- 9.1.2 Climate Change -- 9.1.3 Water Quality Index -- 9.2 Study Area -- 9.3 Methodology -- 9.3.1 Estimation of Water Quality Index (WQI) -- 9.3.2 Analysis of WQI and Data -- 9.3.3 Relationship Between Land Use, Climate Change and Water Quality -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Assessment of Tail Behavior of Probability Distributions of Daily Precipitation Data Over India -- 10.1 Introduction. , 10.2 The Dataset -- 10.3 Methodology -- 10.3.1 Defining the Tail -- 10.3.2 Fitting Method -- 10.3.3 The Fitted Distribution Tails -- 10.4 Results and Discussion -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Benefit of Time-Varying Models Developed Using Graphical Modeling Approach for Probabilistic Prediction of Monthly Streamflow -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methodology -- 11.3 Application of the Time-Varying GM Approach -- 11.3.1 Study Area and Data Source -- 11.3.2 Model Performance and Discussion -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Determination of Effective Discharge Responsible for Sediment Transport in Cauvery River Basin -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test for Stream Flow Data -- 12.2.2 Determination of Effective Discharge Using MFA -- 12.2.3 Recurrence Interval Prediction -- 12.3 Study Area and Data Considered for MFA -- 12.4 Results and Discussions -- 12.4.1 KS Test for Fitting Probability Distributions to Daily Stream Flow Data -- 12.4.2 Stream Flow Distribution and Sediment Transport Analysis -- 12.4.3 Effective Discharge and Recurrence Interval Determination -- 12.4.4 Duration of Effective Discharge -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- 13 A Comparative Study of Potential Evapotranspiration in an Agroforestry Region of Western Ghats, India -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Materials and Methods -- 13.2.1 Penman-Monteith Method (PM) -- 13.2.2 Priestley-Taylor Method (PT) -- 13.2.3 Hargreaves Method (HG) -- 13.2.4 Turc's Method (TC) -- 13.3 Study Area -- 13.4 Results and Discussion -- 13.4.1 Comparisons of Daily ETo Methods -- 13.4.2 Comparisons of Monthly ET0 Methods -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Influence of Air Temperature on Local Precipitation Extremes Across India -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Study Area and Data -- 14.3 Methodology. , 14.3.1 Pairing the Maximum Daily Temperature and Daily Rainfall of Wet Days -- 14.3.2 Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) Scaling -- 14.4 Results and Discussions -- 14.4.1 Relationship Between Rainfall and Daily Maximum Temperature -- 14.4.2 Evolution of the Scaling Relationship Over Time -- 14.4.3 Relationship Between Rainfall and Maximum Temperature of Preceding Days -- 14.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 15 Effect of Spatial and Temporal Land Use-Land Cover Change on the Rainfall Trend: A Case Study in Kerala -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Study Area and Description -- 15.3 Data and Methodology -- 15.3.1 Rainfall Data -- 15.3.2 Land Use-Land Cover Maps -- 15.3.3 Rainfall Trend -- 15.4 Results and Discussion -- 15.4.1 Land Use-Land Cover Change -- 15.4.2 Rainfall Trend Estimation -- 15.4.3 Relating LULC Modification to Rainfall Change -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Innovations and Application of Operational Ocean Data Products for Security of Marine Environment -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.1.1 Argo Floats -- 16.1.2 Drifter Program -- 16.1.3 Soop/XBT -- 16.1.4 Moored Buoy -- 16.1.5 Satellite Oceanography -- 16.2 Ocean Data and Information System (ODIS) -- 16.3 Ocean Information and Advisory Services -- 16.4 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Statistical Downscaling of Sea Level by Support Vector Machine and Regression Tree Approaches -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Methods -- 17.2.1 Support Vector Regression -- 17.2.2 Regression Tree -- 17.3 Data Collection -- 17.4 Identification of Predictors -- 17.5 Development of Statistical Downscaling Model -- 17.6 Conclusions -- References -- 18 Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Crop Yield in Upper Godavari River Sub-basin Using H08 Hydrological Model -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Study Area and Database Development -- 18.3 Methodology and Hydrological Model: H08 -- 18.4 Results and Discussion. , 18.5 Conclusions -- References -- 19 Evaluation of Time Discretization of Daily Rainfall From the Literature for a Specific Site -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Site Description -- 19.3 Time Distribution Curves from the Literature -- 19.4 Data and Methodology -- 19.5 Results and Discussion -- 19.6 Conclusions -- References -- 20 Quality Checks on Continuous Rainfall Records: A Case Study -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Site Description -- 20.3 Screening of Hydrological Data -- 20.3.1 Check for Trend: Spearman's Rank Correlation Method -- 20.3.2 Check for Trend: Kendall's Tau Test -- 20.3.3 Test for Change Point: Cumulative Deviation from the Mean -- 20.3.4 Check for Stability of Variance: Fisher's Test -- 20.3.5 Check for Stability of Means: T-Test -- 20.3.6 Check for Persistence of Data: Lag 1 Serial Correlation Coefficient Test -- 20.3.7 Check for Randomness: Wald-Wolfowitz Test -- 20.4 Conclusions -- References -- 21 Assuring Water Intake Sustainability Under Changing Climate -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Motivation and Objective -- 21.3 Methodology -- 21.4 Basic Governing Equations -- 21.5 Results and Discussion -- 21.6 Conclusions -- References -- 22 Characteristics of Gldas Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Climate Variability Across Ganga Basin, India -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Study Area -- 22.3 Datasets -- 22.3.1 Evapotranspiration -- 22.3.2 Rainfall -- 22.3.3 Temperature -- 22.4 Methods -- 22.4.1 Mann-Kendall Test -- 22.4.2 Modified Mann-Kendall Test -- 22.5 Results and Discussion -- 22.6 Conclusions -- References -- 23 Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Its Correlation with Maximum Sustained Wind Speed in Bay of Bengal -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Data and Methodology -- 23.3 Results and Discussion -- 23.4 Conclusions -- References. , 24 Comparison of CMIP5 Wind Speed from Global Climate Models with In-Situ Observations for the Bay of Bengal.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Applications of Geospatial and Information Technologies Toward Achieving Sustainable Development Goals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Sustainable Development Goals -- 1.2.1 Targets -- 1.2.2 Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDGI) and Its Global Perspective -- 1.2.3 Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on SDGs Implementation -- 1.3 Importance and Scope of Geospatial Technology on SDGs Implementation -- 1.4 Application of Geospatial Techniques Toward Achieving SDGs -- 1.5 Application of Information and Communication Technology Toward Achieving SDGs -- 1.5.1 Application of Big Data -- 1.5.2 Application of Artificial Intelligence -- 1.5.3 Application of Internet of Things -- 1.6 Integration of Geospatial Technology with ICT and Its Significance -- 1.7 Gaps or Challenges -- 1.7.1 Data-Related Challenges -- 1.7.2 Lack of Technology Infrastructure -- 1.7.3 Skilled/Trained Manpower -- 1.7.4 Lack of Awareness -- 1.7.5 Others -- 1.8 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Comparison of Maximum Likelihood, Neural Networks, and Random Forests Algorithms in Classifying Urban Landscape -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Study Area -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.3.1 Preprocessing -- 2.3.2 Classification Algorithms -- 2.3.3 Image Classification -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.4.1 Comparison of Overall Accuracies -- 2.4.2 Comparison of Producer's and User's Accuracies -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Crowd-Assisted Flood Disaster Management -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Background of Crowdsourced Data (CSD) -- 3.3 Challenges and Opportunities in CSD -- 3.4 Applications of CSD -- 3.5 Quality and Performance of CSD -- 3.5.1 Credibility of Crowdsourced Data -- 3.5.2 Relevance of Crowdsourced Data -- 3.6 Case Study: Flood Disaster Management -- 3.6.1 CSD Location Availability. , 3.6.2 CSD Credibility Analysis: A Naïve Bayesian Network-Based Model for CSD Credibility Detection -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Geospatial Big Earth Data and Urban Data Analytics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Big Earth Data and their Characteristics -- 4.3 Big Earth Data Sources -- 4.4 Existing Platforms for Big Earth Data Processing and Management -- 4.5 Big Earth Data Analytics -- 4.6 Big Earth Data and Urban Studies -- 4.7 Big Data Urban Analytics Toward Society 5.0 -- 4.8 Challenges and Way Forward -- References -- 5 A Comparative Analysis of Spatiotemporal Drought Events from Remote Sensing and Standardized Precipitation Indexes in Central America Dry Corridor -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Case Study -- 5.3 Methodology -- 5.3.1 Data Acquisition -- 5.3.2 Drought Calculation -- 5.3.3 Drought Vegetation Monitoring Indexes -- 5.3.4 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI -- 5.3.5 Vegetation Condition Index VCI -- 5.3.6 Climatological Drought Indexes -- 5.3.7 Spatiotemporal Monitoring -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.4.1 Climatological Drought Index -- 5.4.2 Drought Vegetation Monitoring Indexes -- 5.4.3 Spatiotemporal Approach -- 5.4.4 Drought Tracking -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 5.6 Recommendations -- References -- 6 RETRACTED CHAPTER: Application of GIS and Remote Sensing Tools in Assessment of Drought Using Satellite and Ground-Based Data -- 7 Determining the Yield of Rice Using the Leaf Area Index (LAI) in Iran -- 7.1 Rice Cultivation in Iran -- 7.2 Types of Rice Cultivation in Iran -- 7.2.1 The Method of Transplanting -- 7.2.2 Direct Seeding Method -- 7.3 Rice Yield Remote Estimation Indices -- 7.4 Leaf Area Index -- 7.5 Detection of Rice Crop by Remote Sensing Method -- 7.5.1 Unsupervised Classification -- 7.5.2 Supervised Classification -- 7.6 Determining Rice Yield -- 7.7 Results Evaluation of Rice Yield -- 7.8 Discussion and Conclusion. , References -- 8 Soil Erosion Modeling Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Methodology -- 8.3.1 Erosion Modeling Using RUSLE -- 8.3.2 Erosion Modeling Using MMF Model -- 8.3.3 Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) -- 8.3.4 Model Validation -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.4.1 Soil Loss by RUSLE Model -- 8.4.2 Soil Loss by MMF Model -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 The Mapping of the Intensity of Degradation According to the Different Land Use in Arid Regions: The Case of the Bouhamed Watershed, Southern Tunisia -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study Area Exposed to Desertification Problems -- 9.2.1 Arid Climate and Fragile Biophysical Context -- 9.2.2 Ancient and Changing Human Occupation -- 9.3 Methodological Approach to Mapping Land Degradation Based on Remote Sensing and GIS -- 9.3.1 Data and Tools -- 9.3.2 Soil Degradation Mapping Method -- 9.4 Study and Assessment of Degradation Intensity in the Bouhamed Watershed -- 9.4.1 Mapping of the Surface State by the Spectral Indices Approach -- 9.4.2 Mapping Human Occupation Patterns -- 9.4.3 Determination of the Intensity of Degradation -- 9.4.4 Assessment of the State of Desertification by Specification of the Sensitivity Level: Summary Map -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.6 Conclusion -- 9.7 Recommendation -- References -- 10 Applicability of the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model Data for Basin-Scale Spatiotemporal Drought Assessment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Materials and Methods -- 10.2.1 Case Study -- 10.2.2 WEAP Model -- 10.2.3 GLEAM Data -- 10.2.4 The Wet-Environment Evapotranspiration and Precipitation Standardized Index (WEPSI) -- 10.2.5 Experimental Setup -- 10.3 Results and Discussion -- 10.3.1 WEPSI Calculation and Performance Evaluation -- 10.3.2 Eligibility of a Global ET Dataset for Local WEPSI Applications -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References. , 11 Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of Shallow Inland Lake Morphometry: A Case Study of Sambhar Salt Lake, Ramsar Site-464, India -- 11.1 Introduction and Background -- 11.1.1 Why Lake Morphometry? -- 11.2 Significant Literature Inferences About Importance of Lake Morphometry -- 11.3 Material and Methods -- 11.3.1 Study Area-General Description -- 11.3.2 Image Preprocessing -- 11.3.3 Extraction of Water Surface -- 11.3.4 Calculation of the Lake Morphometric Parameters -- 11.4 Results and Discussion -- 11.4.1 Lake Water Surface Area (A) or (a) -- 11.4.2 Maximum Length (Lmax) -- 11.4.3 Maximum Width (Bmax) and Mean Width (overlineB) -- 11.4.4 Lake Water Depth (Maximum Depth Dmax) and (Mean Depth overlineD) -- 11.4.5 Lake Volume (V) and Form Factor (Vd) -- 11.4.6 Dynamic Ratio (DR), Erosion-Transportation (ET) Areas, and Accumulation Areas (Ao) -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Remote Sensing and GIS in Spatial Monitoring of the Wetlands: A Case Study of Loktak Lake Catchment, India -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Wetlands Classifications and Distributions -- 12.2.1 Ramsar Classification -- 12.2.2 Wetlands Classifications in India -- 12.2.3 Distributions of Wetlands in India -- 12.3 Drivers for Change in Wetland Conditions -- 12.4 Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) Modeling Techniques -- 12.4.1 Vector-Based CA (VEC-GCA) -- 12.4.2 CA-Support Vector Machine (SVM) (CA-SVM) -- 12.4.3 CA-MCE -- 12.5 Case Study of Herbaceous Wetlands (Phumdis) and Wetlands in Loktak Lake Catchment, Manipur, India -- 12.6 Results -- 12.7 Discussions -- 12.8 Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- 13 Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in a Tropical River Basin Using Geospatial Techniques and Analytical Hierarchy Process -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Study Area -- 13.3 Data and Methodology -- 13.4 Results and Discussion -- 13.4.1 Lithology. , 13.4.2 Geomorphological Features -- 13.4.3 Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) -- 13.4.4 Soil Texture -- 13.4.5 Lineament Density -- 13.4.6 Slope Angle -- 13.4.7 Drainage Density -- 13.4.8 Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) -- 13.4.9 Rainfall -- 13.4.10 Relative Importance of the Factors -- 13.4.11 Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZs) -- 13.4.12 Discussions -- 13.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 14 Management of Environmentally Stressed Areas in Watershed Using Multi-criteria Decision Tool in GIS: A Noble Technique to Conserve Soil for Agriculture -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 Rain Splash Erosion -- 14.1.2 Sheet Erosion -- 14.1.3 Rill Erosion -- 14.1.4 Gully Erosion -- 14.1.5 Bank Erosion -- 14.2 Soil Erosion in India -- 14.3 Assessment of Soil Erosion -- 14.4 Watershed Prioritization and Design of SWC Measures -- 14.5 Application of GIS -- 14.6 Case Study -- 14.6.1 Module-I: Prioritization -- 14.6.2 Module-II: Development of CAT Plan for SWC Measures -- 14.7 Study Area and Data Used -- 14.8 Results and Discussion -- 14.8.1 Module-I: Prioritization of Sub-watersheds -- 14.8.2 Module-II CAT Plan for Soil Water Conservation Measures -- 14.9 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Geospatial Technology for Estimating the Physical Vulnerability of Building Structures to Natural Hazards -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The Study Area -- 15.3 Methodology -- 15.3.1 Identification and Grading of Relevant Hazards -- 15.3.2 Determination of Physical Vulnerability of Building Structures to Floods -- 15.3.3 Calculation of the Vulnerability Index (VI) -- 15.4 Risk Assessment for Physical Vulnerability of Building Structures to Floods -- 15.4.1 The Results of Hazard Assessment -- 15.4.2 Results of the Vulnerability Assessment -- 15.5 Conclusion -- 15.6 Future Directions -- References. , 16 Cooling Potential Simulation of Urban Green Space Using Remote Sensing and Web-Based GIS Integration in Panat Nikom Municipality, Thailand.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Random Variables in Environmental and Water Engineering -- 1.1.1 Rainfall -- 1.1.2 Temperature -- 1.1.3 Frost, Fog, and Sunshine Hours -- 1.1.4 Wind -- 1.1.5 Snowfall -- 1.1.6 Runoff -- 1.1.7 Flood -- 1.1.8 Drought -- 1.1.9 Hydrogeology -- 1.1.10 Water Quality -- 1.2 Systems of Frequency Distributions -- 1.2.1 Stoppa System -- 1.2.2 Dagum System -- 1.2.3 Johnson System -- 1.2.4 General Classification -- 1.3 Need for Systems of Frequency Distributions -- 1.4 Organization of the Book -- References -- 2 Pearson System of Frequency Distributions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Differential Equation of Pearson System -- 2.3 Generalization of Pearson System -- 2.4 Pearson Distributions -- 2.4.1 Nonnegative Discriminant -- 2.4.2 Negative Discriminant -- 2.4.3 Pearson Type 0 Distribution -- 2.4.4 Pearson Type I Distribution -- 2.4.5 Pearson Type II Distribution -- 2.4.6 Pearson Type III Distribution -- 2.4.7 Pearson Type IV Distribution -- 2.4.8 Pearson Type V Distribution -- 2.4.9 Pearson Type VI Distribution -- 2.4.10 Pearson Type VII Distribution -- 2.4.11 Pearson Type VIII Distribution -- 2.4.12 Pearson Type IX Distribution -- 2.4.13 Pearson Type X Distribution -- 2.4.14 Pearson Type XI Distribution -- 2.4.15 Pearson Type XII Distribution -- 2.5 Graphical Representation of Shapes Based on the Relation of α23 versus d and α23 versus α4 -- 2.5.1 Graphical Representation of Pearson Distributions -- 2.5.2 Type I(U): -- 2.5.3 Type III(B): -- 2.5.4 Type IV(B): -- 2.5.5 Type VI: -- 2.6 Application -- Normal Distribution -- Gamma Distribution -- Pearson III Distribution -- Log-Pearson III Distribution -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Burr System of Frequency Distributions -- 3.1 Introduction. , 3.2 Characteristics of Probability Distribution Functions -- 3.3 Burr Hypothesis -- 3.4 Burr System of Frequency Distributions -- 3.4.1 Burr I Distribution -- 3.4.2 Burr II Distribution -- 3.4.3 Burr III Distribution -- 3.4.4 Burr IV Distribution -- 3.4.5 Burr V Distribution -- 3.4.6 Burr VI Distribution -- 3.4.7 Burr VII Distribution -- 3.4.8 Burr VIII Distribution -- 3.4.9 Burr IX Distribution -- 3.4.10 Burr X Distribution -- 3.4.11 Burr XI Distribution -- 3.4.12 Burr XII Distribution -- 3.5 Parameter Estimation by Cumulative Moment Theory -- 3.6 Application -- 3.6.1 Peak Flow -- 3.6.2 Annual Rainfall Amount -- 3.6.3 Monthly Sediment Yield -- 3.6.4 Maximum Daily Precipitation -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 D'Addario System of Frequency Distributions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 D'Addario System -- 4.2.1 Pareto Type I Distribution -- 4.2.2 Pareto Type II Distribution -- 4.2.3 Lognormal (2-Parameter) Distribution -- 4.2.4 Lognormal (3-Parameter) Distribution -- 4.2.5 Davis Distribution -- 4.2.6 Amoroso Distribution -- 4.3 Application -- 4.3.1 Peak Flow -- 4.3.2 Monthly Discharge -- 4.3.3 Deseasonalized TPN -- 4.3.4 Daily Maximum Precipitation -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Dagum System of Frequency Distributions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Dagum System of Distributions -- 5.3 Derivation of Frequency Distributions -- 5.3.1 Pareto Type I Distribution -- 5.3.2 Pareto Type II Distribution -- 5.3.3 Pareto Type III Distribution -- 5.3.4 Benini Distribution -- 5.3.5 Weibull Distribution -- 5.3.6 Log-Gompertz Distribution -- 5.3.7 Fisk Distribution -- 5.3.8 Singh-Maddala Distribution -- 5.3.9 Dagum I Distribution -- 5.3.10 Dagum II Distribution -- 5.3.11 Dagum III Distribution -- 5.4 Application -- 5.4.1 Monthly Sediment Yield -- 5.4.2 Peak Flow -- 5.4.3 Maximum Daily Precipitation -- 5.4.4 Drought (Total Flow Deficit) -- 5.5 Conclusion. , References -- 6 Stoppa System of Frequency Distributions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Stoppa System of Distributions -- 6.3 Derivation of Frequency Distributions -- 6.3.1 Generalized Power Distribution (Stoppa Type I Distribution) -- 6.3.2 Generalized Pareto Type II Distribution -- 6.3.3 Generalized Exponential Distribution (Type III Distribution) -- 6.3.4 Stoppa Type IV Distribution -- 6.3.5 Stoppa Type V Distribution -- 6.3.6 Four-Parameter Generalized Pareto Distribution -- 6.4 Relation between Dagum and Stoppa Systems -- 6.5 Relations among Burr distributions and Dagum and Stoppa Systems -- 6.6 Application -- 6.6.1 Monthly Suspended Sediment -- 6.6.2 Annual Rainfall Amount -- 6.6.3 Peak Flow -- 6.6.4 Maximum Daily Precipitation -- 6.6.5 Drought (Total Flow Deficit) -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Esteban System of Frequency Distributions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Esteban System of Distributions -- 7.2.1 Three-Parameter Gamma Distribution -- 7.2.2 Special Cases of Generalized Gamma Distribution -- 7.2.3 Generalized Beta Distribution of First Kind -- 7.2.4 Special Cases of GB1 Distribution -- 7.2.5 Generalized Beta Distribution of Second Kind -- 7.2.6 Special Cases of GB2 Distribution -- 7.3 Application -- 7.3.1 TPN -- 7.3.2 Peak Flow -- 7.3.3 Drought (Total Flow Deficit) -- 7.3.4 Annual Rainfall -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Singh System of Frequency Distributions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Singh System of Distributions -- 8.3 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Systems of Frequency Distributions Using Bessel Functions and Cumulants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Bessel Function Distributions -- 9.2.1 Moments of Bessel Function Distributions -- 9.2.2 Bessel Function Line -- 9.2.3 Inverse Gaussian Distribution -- 9.2.4 Other Distributions -- Product of Two Bessel Functions of the First Kind (Im, In). , Product of the Two Bessel Functions of the Second Kind (Km, Kn) -- Product of the Bessel Functions of the First Kind (Im) and the Second Kind (Kn) -- 9.3 Frequency Distributions by Series Approximation -- 9.3.1 Chebyshev (Probabilists')-Hermite Polynomials -- 9.3.2 Cumulants -- 9.3.3 Basic Concept of Approximating Frequency Distribution with Series Approximation -- 9.3.4 Gram-Charlier Type A Series -- 9.3.5 Edgeworth Series with Baseline Gaussian Distribution -- 9.3.6 Gram-Charlier/Edgeworth Series with Non-Gaussian Distribution -- Gamma Distribution as Baseline PDF -- Beta Distribution as Baseline PDF -- 9.4 Applications -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Frequency Distributions by Entropy Maximization -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Entropy Maximization -- 10.3 Application -- 10.3.1 Peak Flow -- 10.3.2 Monthly Sediment Yield -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Transformations for Frequency Distributions -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Transformation to Normal Distribution -- 11.3 Transformation of Normal Distribution: The Johnson family -- 11.4 Transformation Based on the First Law of Laplace -- 11.5 Transformation of Logistic Distribution -- 11.6 Transformation of Beta Distribution -- 11.7 Transformation of Gamma Distribution -- 11.8 Transformation of Student-t Distribution -- 11.9 Application -- 11.9.1 Peak Flow and Maximum Daily Precipitation -- 11.9.2 Monthly Sediment and Annual Rainfall -- 11.10 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Genetic Theory of Frequency -- 12.1 Basic Concept of Elementary Errors -- 12.2 General Discussion of Charlier Type A and B Curves -- 12.3 Charlier Type A Curve -- 12.4 Charlier Type B Curve -- 12.5 Extensions by Wicksell -- References -- Appendix Datasets for Applications -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Editors' Biography -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Characterization and Mapping of Soils for Sustainable Management Using Geospatial Techniques -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.2.1 Study Area -- 1.2.2 Geology -- 1.2.3 Preparation of Base Maps -- 1.2.4 Ground-Truth Verification -- 1.2.5 Soil Sampling and Analysis -- 1.2.6 Soil Classification -- 1.2.7 Development of Soil Mapping Legend -- 1.2.8 Land Evaluation -- 1.3 Results and Discussion -- 1.3.1 Landform Delineation -- 1.3.2 Land-Use/Land Cover -- 1.3.3 Landform and Landscape Ecological Units (LEUs) -- 1.3.4 Soil-Landform Relationship -- 1.3.5 Soil Mapping -- 1.3.6 Soil Survey Interpretation -- 1.3.7 Surface Texture -- 1.3.8 Drainage -- 1.3.9 Soil Reaction (pH) -- 1.3.10 Organic Carbon -- 1.3.11 Available Nitrogen -- 1.3.12 Available Phosphorous -- 1.4 Available Potassium -- 1.5 Land Capability Classification -- 1.6 Soil Suitability for Crops -- 1.7 Recommendation -- 1.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation in Tribal Area -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Tribes Role in Indigenous Botanical Knowledge (IBK) -- 2.3 Tribes Ethno Botany and Traditional Practices -- 2.4 Tribes Relationship with Flora Protection -- 2.5 Ethnic and Aboriginal Peoples' Role in Conservation -- 2.6 Tribal Relationship with Fauna -- 2.7 Tribes Role in Conservation of Insects -- 2.8 Tribes of Southern Indian -- 2.9 North Eastern Tribes -- 2.10 Tribes Association in Protecting Nature -- 2.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Soil Bioengineering Practices for Sustainable Ecosystem Restoration in Landslide-Affected Areas -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Ecosystem Deterioration and Need to Replenish -- 3.2.1 Evaluating the Area. , 3.2.2 Identifying Project Goals -- 3.2.3 Identifying and Removing Sources of Disturbance -- 3.2.4 Restoring Technologies -- 3.2.5 Substrates Rehabilitation -- 3.2.6 Vegetation Restoration -- 3.2.7 Monitoring and Maintenance -- 3.3 Landslides and Ecology Deterioration -- 3.4 Landslide Restoration -- 3.5 Landslide Restoration: Losses Incurred Directly vs. Indirectly -- 3.6 Landslide-Associated Problems and Their Mitigation & -- Management Measures -- 3.7 Bioengineering Strategy in Landslide Risk Mitigation -- 3.8 Application -- 3.9 Participation of the Social Environment in the Application and Succession of Soil Bioengineering -- 3.9.1 Seedlings -- 3.9.2 Bare Root Planting -- 3.9.3 Live Stakes -- 3.9.4 Contour Wattling -- 3.9.5 Brush Layer -- 3.9.6 Trench Packing -- 3.9.7 Brush Matting -- 3.9.8 Live Cuttings -- 3.9.9 Coir Fascines -- 3.9.10 Pre-Vegetated Mats -- 3.10 Slope Stability and Ecosystem Restoration -- 3.11 Native Species in Ecosystem Regeneration -- 3.12 Barrier to Ecological Restoration of Landslides -- 3.13 Indigenous People and their Support -- 3.14 Indigenous Knowledge in Ecosystem Restoration -- 3.15 Selection of Potential Indigenous Plants Based on Their Soil Reinforcement and Anchoring Capabilities -- 3.16 Recommendations -- 3.17 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Sustainable Ecosystem Development and Landscaping for Urban and Peri-Urban Areas -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Landscapes -- 4.2.1 Urban Landscape -- 4.2.2 Peri-Urban Landscape -- 4.3 Challenges -- 4.3.1 Role of Horticulture -- 4.3.2 Impact of Urbanization on Plant Life in Riparian Areas -- 4.3.3 Issues in Urban Ecology -- 4.3.4 Urban Ecology from a Landscape Perspective -- 4.3.5 Parks and Public Green Space -- 4.3.6 Multiple Benefits of Vegetated Land Cover to Health and Well-being -- 4.3.7 Plant Resources for Building the Urban Environments. , 4.3.8 Some of the Main Problems Confronting Urban Plants Include -- 4.3.9 Exotic Species in Urban/Peri-Urban Lanscaping -- 4.3.10 Role of Evergreen Plant in Urban/Peri-urban Landscaping -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Climate Change Impact of Fluoride Contamination on Human Health in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area -- 5.3 Climate Change and Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater -- 5.4 Groundwater Resources and Climate Change in Sri Lanka -- 5.5 Fluoride Contamination & -- Health Issues in Dry Zone Sri Lanka -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Application of Geospatial Technology in Catchment Modeling Using SCS-CN Method for Estimating the Direct Runoff on Barakar River Basin, Jharkhand -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.3 Materials and Methods -- 6.3.1 Data Sources -- 6.4 SCS-CN Method -- 6.4.1 Estimation of S -- 6.4.2 Determination of CN -- 6.4.3 Selection of CN -- 6.5 Methodology -- 6.6 Results and Discussion -- 6.6.1 Watershed Delineation -- 6.6.2 Landuse-Landcover Map -- 6.6.3 Soil Map -- 6.6.4 Soil Landuse Vegetation Complex (SLV) Map -- 6.6.5 Curve Number (CN) and Weighted Curve Number (WCN) Values -- 6.7 Antecedent Moisture Conditions, CN I and CN III Values -- 6.8 Potential Maximum Retention (S) and Runoff Depth (Q) -- 6.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Hydro-Geospatial Investigation to Propose Water Conservation Sites for Water Management in Limestone Terrain -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.2.1 Location -- 7.2.2 Climate -- 7.2.3 Geology -- 7.2.4 Lineament -- 7.2.5 Geomorphology -- 7.2.6 Drainage -- 7.2.7 Land use/Land Cover -- 7.2.8 Soils -- 7.2.9 Slope -- 7.3 Materials and Methods -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.5 Lithology -- 7.6 Lineament Density -- 7.7 Geomorphology -- 7.8 Drainage Density -- 7.9 Rainfall -- 7.10 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) -- 7.11 Slope. , 7.12 Soil -- 7.13 Terrain Wetness Index (TWI) -- 7.14 Validation -- 7.15 Conclusion -- 7.15.1 Proposed Artificial Recharge Structure -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Rainfall Spatiotemporal Variability and Trends in the Semi-Arid Ecological Zone of Nigeria -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Materials and Methods -- 8.3.1 Data Sources -- 8.3.2 Trend and Variability Detection -- 8.3.3 Spatial Interpolation -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.5 Rainfall Characteristics -- 8.5.1 Statistical Overview of Rainfall Climatology -- 8.5.2 Rainfall Variability and Anomaly Patterns -- 8.6 Annual, Interannual, and Monthly Trends -- 8.7 Trends Detection Based on the WMO Standardized Period -- 8.8 Implications for Agriculture and Water Ecosystem Services -- 8.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Climate Change Awareness, Perception, and Adaptation Strategies for Small and Marginal Farmers in Yobe State, Nigeria -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.3 Study Area -- 9.4 Data Compilation Techniques -- 9.5 Sampling Procedures -- 9.6 Analysis of Data -- 9.7 Results and Discussion -- 9.7.1 The Socio-economic and Institutional Characteristics of Respondents -- 9.7.2 Farmers' Awareness of Changes in Climate Parameters -- 9.7.3 Climate Change Information for Farmers -- 9.8 Climate Change and Farmers' Perceptions -- 9.9 Factors that Influence Farmers' Perceptions of Climate Change -- 9.10 Farmers' Climate Change Adaptation -- 9.11 Constraints Facing Farmers as a Result of Climate Change -- 9.12 Conclusion and Recommendation -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 10 Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones based on Earth Observation Data and AHP Modeling - A Study from Basaltic Rock Formation -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area Description -- 10.3 Materials and Methods -- 10.3.1 Used Datasets. , 10.3.2 Methodology -- 10.3.3 AHP Method and Weight Normalization -- 10.3.4 Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA) -- 10.3.5 Groundwater Fluctuation -- 10.3.6 Accuracy Assessment -- 10.4 Results and Discussion -- 10.4.1 LULC -- 10.4.2 Landforms and Geomorphological Features -- 10.4.3 Lineament Density -- 10.4.4 Drainage Map -- 10.4.5 Groundwater Fluctuation -- 10.4.6 Geology -- 10.4.7 Slope -- 10.4.8 Soil -- 10.4.9 Rainfall -- 10.5 Groundwater Prospective Zone Mapping -- 10.6 Validation -- 10.7 Conclusion -- Conflict of Interest -- References -- Chapter 11 Hydro-geochemical Evaluation of Phreatic Groundwater for Assessing Drinking and Irrigation Appropriateness - A Case Study of Chandrapur Watershed -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fluorite (CaF2 ) Mineralization in Geological Environment -- 11.2.1 Physical Characteristics of Fluorite (CAF2 ) -- 11.2.2 High Concentration of F in Groundwater -- 11.2.3 Genesis of Fluorite (CaF2 ) Mineralization in Study Area -- 11.3 Study Area Details -- 11.4 Materials and Methods -- 11.5 Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater -- 11.5.1 Physical Parameters -- 11.5.2 Cation-Anion Chemistry -- 11.5.3 Rock-Water Interaction -- 11.6 Discussion on Groundwater Appropriateness -- 11.6.1 Drinking and General Domestic Use -- 11.6.2 Irrigation Use -- 11.7 F-Contents from Study Area -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Variability of Ground Water Quality in Quaternary Aquifers of the Cauvery and Vennar Sub-basins within the Cauvery Delta, Southern India -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Methods -- 12.2.1 Study Area -- 12.2.2 Geology and Hydrogeology -- 12.2.3 Groundwater Sampling and Laboratory Analysis -- 12.2.4 Drinking Water Quality -- 12.3 Results and Discussion -- 12.4 Drinking Water Quality -- 12.4.1 pH -- 12.4.2 Electrical Conductivity -- 12.4.3 Total Dissolved Solids -- 12.4.4 Total Hardness. , 12.4.5 Calcium.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Understanding Drought: Definitions, Causes, Assessments, Forecasts, and Management -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Drought Definitions -- 1.2.1 Drought Types -- 1.2.1.1 Meteorological Drought -- 1.2.1.2 Agricultural Drought -- 1.2.1.3 Hydrological Drought -- 1.2.1.4 Groundwater Drought -- 1.2.1.5 Socioeconomic Drought -- 1.3 Drought Assessment -- 1.3.1 Drought Characteristics -- 1.3.2 Drought Indices -- 1.3.2.1 Univariate Drought Indices -- 1.3.2.2 Multivariate Drought Indices -- 1.3.3 Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing -- 1.3.3.1 Remote Sensing of Hydroclimate Variables and Its Application to Drought Assessments -- 1.3.3.2 Remote Sensing of Environmental Variables and Its Application to Drought Assessments -- 1.4 Drought Analysis -- 1.4.1 Frequency Analysis -- 1.4.1.1 Multivariate Drought Analysis -- 1.4.1.2 Copula Joint Probability Models -- 1.4.1.3 Entropy-Based Probability Models -- 1.4.2 Reliability, Resilience, and Vulnerability Analysis -- 1.4.2.1 Reliability -- 1.4.2.2 Resilience -- 1.4.2.3 Vulnerability -- 1.5 Causes of Drought -- 1.5.1 Ocean-Atmosphere Teleconnection -- 1.5.2 Land-Atmosphere Interaction -- 1.5.3 Internal Atmospheric Variability -- 1.6 Drought and Climate Change -- 1.6.1 Global Warming Impacts on Ocean-Atmosphere Teleconnection -- 1.6.2 Global Warming Impacts on Land-Atmosphere Teleconnection -- 1.6.3 Global Warming Impacts on Internal Atmospheric Teleconnection -- 1.7 Drought Forecasting -- 1.7.1 Statistical Forecasting Methods -- 1.7.1.1 Discrete Statistical Forecasting Methods -- 1.7.1.2 Continuous Statistical Forecasting Methods -- 1.7.2 Dynamical Forecasting Methods -- 1.7.3 Hybrid Statistical-Dynamical Methods -- 1.8 Drought Impacts: Major Historical Droughts and Losses Caused by Them. , 1.8.1 The US -- 1.8.1.1 The 1930s Dust Bowl Drought -- 1.8.1.2 The 1950s Southwest Drought -- 1.8.1.3 The 1988-1989 North American Drought -- 1.8.1.4 The 2011-2017 California Drought -- 1.8.2 South America: The 2014-2017 Brazilian Drought -- 1.8.3 Europe: The 1992-1995 Spanish Drought -- 1.8.4 Africa: The Sahel Droughts, 1970s-1980s -- 1.8.5 Asia: The 2015-2016 Drought in the Mekong Delta -- 1.8.6 Oceania: The Millennium Drought in Southeast Australia during 2001-2009 -- 1.9 Drought Management -- 1.9.1 Water Conservation/Management -- 1.9.2 Soil Management -- 1.9.3 Diversification of Crops and Industries -- 1.9.4 Public Education and Risk-Sharing Systems -- 1.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Drought Concepts, Characterization, and Indicators -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of Droughts -- 2.2.1 Meteorological Drought -- 2.2.2 Agricultural Drought -- 2.2.3 Hydrological Drought -- 2.2.4 Socioeconomic Drought -- 2.3 Main Types of Drought Recognized in India -- 2.3.1 Meteorological Drought -- 2.3.2 Hydrological Drought -- 2.3.2.1 Surface Water Drought -- 2.3.2.2 Groundwater Drought -- 2.3.3 Agricultural Drought -- 2.3.4 Soil Moisture Drought -- 2.3.5 Socioeconomic Drought -- 2.3.6 Famine -- 2.3.7 Ecological Drought -- 2.4 Impacts of Drought -- 2.4.1 Economic Impacts -- 2.4.2 Environmental Impacts -- 2.4.3 Social Impacts -- 2.5 Worst Droughts in History -- 2.6 Characterization of Droughts -- 2.7 Drought Indicators -- 2.7.1 Drought Characterization Using Drought Indices -- 2.7.2 Considerations for Drought Indicators -- 2.7.2.1 Suitability for Drought Types of Concern -- 2.7.2.2 Data Availability and Consistency -- 2.7.2.3 Clarity and Validity -- 2.7.2.4 Temporal and Spatial Sensitivity -- 2.7.2.5 Temporally and Spatially Specific -- 2.7.2.6 Drought Progression and Recession -- 2.7.2.7 Linked with Drought Management and Impact Reduction Goals. , 2.7.2.8 Explicit Combination Methods -- 2.7.2.9 Quantitative and Quantitative Indicators -- 2.8 Drought Indices -- 2.8.1 Percent of Normal -- 2.8.2 Deciles -- 2.8.3 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- 2.8.4 Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) -- 2.8.5 US Drought Monitor (USDM) -- 2.8.6 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) -- 2.8.7 Rainfall Departure -- 2.8.8 Statistical Z-Score (Z-Score) -- 2.8.9 Effective Drought Index (EDI) -- 2.8.10 China Z-Index (CZI) -- 2.8.11 Other Notable Drought Indices -- 2.9 Aggregation of Drought Indices -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Spatial Assessment of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in Northern India -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methodology -- 3.2.1 Study Area -- 3.2.2 Methodology -- 3.2.2.1 SPEI Calculation -- 3.2.2.2 NDVI Calculation -- 3.2.2.3 NDVI Deviation Estimation -- 3.2.2.4 VCI Estimation -- 3.2.2.5 Spatial Mapping of Agriculture Drought-Affected Regions -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1 Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)-Based Meteorological Drought Detection -- 3.3.2 Remote Sensing-Based Vegetation Indicators of Agricultural Drought Detection -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Assessment of Meteorological Drought Characteristics in Brazil -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Standard Precipitation Index and Drought Assessment -- 4.2.1 Details of Rainfall Data -- 4.3 Drought Assessment -- 4.3.1 Polygons 1 and 2 -- 4.3.2 Polygons 3 and 4 -- 4.3.3 Polygons 5 and 6 -- 4.3.4 Polygon 7 -- 4.3.5 Polygon 8 -- 4.4 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Drought in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeast Brazil -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methodology -- 5.2.1 Study Area -- 5.2.1.1 Rainfall Data -- 5.2.2 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- 5.2.3 Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). , 5.2.4 Statistical Tests -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.3.1 Rainfall Data -- 5.3.2 SPI-Based Drought Analysis -- 5.3.2.1 Temporal Drought Analysis -- 5.3.2.2 Spatial Drought Analysis -- 5.3.3 Two Case Studies of Drought Assessment over the State of Rio de Janeiro -- 5.3.3.1 North and Northwest Regions -- 5.3.3.2 Middle Paraíba Region -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 The Mexican Drought (2011): Insight into the 29-Month Drought in Aguascalientes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methodology -- 6.2.1 Study Area and Data -- 6.2.2 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- 6.2.3 Climate Indices -- 6.3 Results and Discussion -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Investigating the Relationship between the Temporal Distribution of Precipitation and Flow Shortness Volume over Lake Urmia Basin, Iran -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methodology -- 7.2.1 Case Study -- 7.2.2 Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) -- 7.2.3 Dryness Volume Shortage Index (DVSI) -- 7.2.3.1 Extracting the Flow Shortness Volume from Daily River Flow Rate -- 7.2.4 Trend Analysis -- 7.2.5 Sen's Slope Estimator -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.3.1 Results of Evaluation of the PCI Data in LUB -- 7.3.2 Results of Investigating DVSI in LUB -- 7.3.3 Trend Analysis of Flow Shortness Volume and PCI Values Using Hydrological Sub-Basin -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Long-Term Drought Study in Algeria Based on Meteorological Data -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area Description -- 8.3 Materials and Methodology -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.5 Variation of Meteorological Parameters -- 8.5.1 Site-Dependent Annual Summaries of Meteorological Parameters -- 8.5.2 Site-Dependent Monthly Summaries of Meteorological Parameters -- 8.5.3 Annual Trends of Mean, Maximum, and Minimum Ambient Temperature -- 8.5.4 Annual Variability of Relative Humidity. , 8.5.5 Annual Total Precipitation Trends -- 8.5.6 Aridity Index -- 8.5.7 Annual Mean Wind Speed Trend Analysis -- 8.5.8 Atmospheric Pressure Variability -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Severe Droughts in India -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data and Methodology -- 9.3 Droughts in the Indian Summer Monsoon -- 9.3.1 Hydrometeorological Variability -- 9.3.2 Variability of Large-Scale Circulation -- 9.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Comparison of Bhalme-Mooley Drought Index with Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index: The Case of Okavango Delta, Botswana -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Materials and Methods -- 10.2.1 Data Description -- 10.2.2 Methods -- 10.2.2.1 Method for Computation of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) -- 10.2.2.2 Method for Bhalme-Mooley Drought Index (BMDI) -- 10.3 Results of Analyses -- 10.3.1 Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) -- 10.3.2 Bhalme-Mooley Drought Index (BMDI) Analysis -- 10.3.3 Drought Map -- 10.3.4 Association between SPEI and BMDI -- 10.4 Discussion of Results -- 10.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Analysis of Drought Using a Modified Version of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.2.1 Study Area -- 11.2.2 Trend Analysis -- 11.2.3 Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.3.1 Results of Extraction of Di Values and Fitness with Statistical Distributions -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Evaluation of an Evapotranspiration Deficit-Based Drought Index and Its Impacts on Carbon Productivity in the Levant and Iraq -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Drought Definition and Characteristics -- 12.1.2 Drought Indices. , 12.1.3 Drought Impacts on Ecosystem Vegetation and Productivity.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Integrated Water Resources Management of Thatipudi Command Area, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Methodology -- 1.2.1 Study Area -- 1.2.2 Data Collection -- 1.3 Analysis -- 1.3.1 Reservoir Storage Capacity -- 1.3.2 Irrigation Purpose -- 1.3.3 Water Supply -- 1.3.4 Preparation of GIS Maps -- 1.4 Results -- 1.4.1 Irrigation in Kharif Season -- 1.4.2 Irrigation in Rabi Season -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Hydrological Modelling to Study the Impacts of Climate and LULC Change at Basin Scale: A Review -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Models -- 2.3 Hydrological Modelling in LULC and Climate Change Impact Studies -- 2.3.1 Impacts of LULCC on Hydrology -- 2.3.2 Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology -- 2.3.3 Combined Effects of Climate Change and LULC Change -- 2.4 Model Comparison Studies -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Water Resource Management for Coal-Based Thermal Power Plant -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Water Resource Management in Thermal Power Plants -- 3.2.1 Cooling Water System Water Requirements -- 3.2.2 Ash Handling System Water Requirements -- 3.2.3 Coal Handling System Water Requirements -- 3.2.4 Demineralized Water System Water Requirements -- 3.3 Water Balance for 2 × 660 MW Coal-Based Power Plant -- 3.4 Analysis of New Environment Norms and Its Impacts -- 3.5 Adoption of Dry Cooling System (Air Cooled Condenser) -- 3.6 Additional Water Conservation Techniques Used in TPP -- 3.6.1 Adoption of 100% Utilization of Fly Ash in Dry Mode -- 3.6.2 Increasing Cycle of Concentration for Circulating Cooling Water System -- 3.6.3 Installation of Ash Water Recovery System from Ash Dyke -- 3.6.4 Recycling of CW Blowdown to Other Systems -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Evaluation of Reservoir Sedimentation Using Satellite Data-A Case Study. , 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Description of Study Area -- 4.3 Data and Software Used -- 4.4 Methodology -- 4.5 Results and Discussion -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Regionalisation of Watersheds Using Fuzzy C Means Clustering Algorithm in the West Flowing River of Kerala -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area and Data -- 5.3 Methodology -- 5.3.1 Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm -- 5.3.2 Validity Index -- 5.3.3 L Moments Heterogeneity H Test -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.4.1 Parameter Selection for Feature Vector -- 5.4.2 Fuzzy C Means Clusters -- 5.4.3 Validity Index -- 5.4.4 L Moments H Test -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Analysis of Relationship Between Landslides and Rainfall in Karwar, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology -- 6.2.2 Climate and Rainfall -- 6.3 Materials and Methodology -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Optimal Cropping Pattern of Kulsi River Basin, Assam, India Using Simulation and Linear Programming Model -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Study Area -- 7.3 Methods and Materials -- 7.3.1 Crop Water Requirement -- 7.3.2 The Simulation Model -- 7.3.3 Linear Programming Model -- 7.4 Results and Discussions -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Comparison of Flux Footprint Models to a Mixed Fetch Heterogeneous Cropland System -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area and Data Analysis -- 8.3 Methodology -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Water Resources Assessment Issues and Application of Isotope Hydrology in North East India -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Water Resources Assessment Issues in Northeastern Hilly States -- 9.3 Springshed Development and Challenges -- 9.3.1 In-Situ Spring Water/Rainwater Harvesting -- 9.3.2 Springshed Protection. , 9.3.3 Major Challenges, Conflicts and People Participation in Spring Development and Management Practices in Northeast Himalayas Region -- 9.4 Isotope Hydrology Applications in Water Resource Management -- 9.4.1 Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) -- 9.4.2 Identify the Springs Origin and Their Recharge Area, Altitude Effect, Mean Residence Time -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Water Hammer Analysis for Pipe Line Network Using HAMMER V8i -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Problem Statement and Procedure of Analysis -- 10.3 Results and Analysis -- 10.3.1 Baseline Scenario: Steady State Conditions -- 10.3.2 Surge Analysis on Baseline Network Without Surge Protection -- 10.3.3 Analysis with Surge Protection Device -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Dam Break Flood Routing and Inundation Mapping Using HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Study Area -- 11.3 Methodology -- 11.4 Results and Discussions -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Suitability and Performance of Present Irrigation System in Kokernag, Jammu and Kashmir -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Parametric Approach -- 12.2.2 On the Basis of Socio-Economic Background -- 12.2.3 On the Basis of Usage and Availability of Water -- 12.3 Suitability and Performance Indicators -- 12.3.1 Capability Index -- 12.3.2 Relative Water Supply (RWS) -- 12.3.3 Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) -- 12.4 Description of Study Area -- 12.4.1 Location -- 12.4.2 Topography -- 12.4.3 Precipitation Characteristics -- 12.4.4 Irrigation Details -- 12.5 Data Collection -- 12.5.1 Soil Data -- 12.5.2 Water Availability and Water Requirement Data -- 12.6 Results and Discussions -- 12.6.1 Suitability -- 12.6.2 Performance -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References. , 13 Linking of Sediment Yield Pattern with Rainfall and Land-Use Land-Cover Changes Within Burhanpur Sub-catchment, India -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Study Area -- 13.3 Methodology -- 13.4 Analysis of Data, Results and Discussions -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Assessment of Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Using Hydrologic Model for Probable Maximum Precipitation in Maithon Watershed -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Study Area -- 14.2.1 Geographical Description of Study Area -- 14.2.2 Physiographic Description of Maithon Dam -- 14.3 Materials and Methodology -- 14.3.1 Delineation of Catchment -- 14.3.2 Preparation of Sub-catchment -- 14.3.3 Rainfall Distribution Maps -- 14.4 Probable Maximum Precipitation -- 14.5 Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) -- 14.5.1 Physiographic Parameter of the Sub-catchments -- 14.5.2 Snyder's Method -- 14.5.3 Design Loss Rate -- 14.5.4 Base Flow -- 14.5.5 Muskingum Parameters -- 14.5.6 HEC-HMS Model -- 14.5.7 Output -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Simulating Failure of Indravati Dam Using Mike 11 and the Propagation of Breached Outflow -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Study Area -- 15.2.1 Salient Features of Indravati Dam -- 15.3 Dam Breach Parameters -- 15.4 Methodology -- 15.5 Model Setup -- 15.6 Results and Analysis -- 15.6.1 Flood Routing -- 15.6.2 Longitudinal Profile of the Bed -- 15.7 Flood Maps -- 15.8 Emergency Action Plan (EAP) -- 15.9 Conclusions -- References -- 16 Optimization of Water Allocation for Ukai Reservoir Using Elitist TLBO -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Methods and Materials -- 16.2.1 Differential Evolution (DE) -- 16.2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) -- 16.2.3 Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) -- 16.2.4 Elitist Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (ETLBO) -- 16.3 Study Area and Data Collection -- 16.4 Mathematical Models -- 16.4.1 Objective Function -- 16.4.2 Constraints. , 16.5 Results and Discussion -- 16.6 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Prediction of Reservoir Submerged Sediment Density -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Data -- 17.2.2 ANN Model Design -- 17.3 Results and Discussion -- 17.4 Conclusion -- Annexure 1 -- References -- 18 Micro-hydro Power Generation in India-A Review -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Literature Review -- 18.3 Conclusion -- References -- 19 Runoff Simulation and Irrigation Water Requirement for Barman Command -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Study Area and Data -- 19.2.1 Study Area -- 19.2.2 Data Collection -- 19.3 Methodology -- 19.3.1 Net Irrigation Water Requirement -- 19.3.2 Rainfall-Runoff Modeling -- 19.3.3 Probability Analysis -- 19.3.4 Performance Evaluation of Model -- 19.4 Results and Analysis -- 19.4.1 AWBM Calibration and Validation Charts -- 19.4.2 SIMHYD Model -- 19.4.3 Accuracy of Models -- 19.4.4 Effective Rainfall -- 19.4.5 Probability Analysis of Yearly Rainfall -- 19.4.6 Probability Analysis of Monthly Rainfall -- 19.4.7 Irrigation Water Requirement -- 19.5 Conclusions -- Referencess -- 20 Nonlinear Regression Analysis Between Discharge and Head for Piano Key Weirs with Increasing Developed Length (L/W) Ratio and Constant Channel Width -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Literature Review -- 20.3 Methodology -- 20.3.1 Nonlinear Regression Analysis -- 20.4 Results and Discussion -- 20.5 Conclusion -- References -- 21 Grey Water Characterization and Its Management -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Characterization of Grey Water -- 21.3 Treatment of Grey Water -- 21.3.1 Laundry Sample -- 21.3.2 Bathing Sample -- 21.3.3 Washbasin Sample -- 21.4 Conclusion -- References -- 22 Intelligent Operation of Hirakud Reservoir Using Metaheuristic Techniques (PSO and TLBO) -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Study Area and Data Details -- 22.3 Methodology. , 22.3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Reduction of GHGs in Buildings-Indian Affordable Houses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Analysis -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussions and Future Work -- References -- Modern Techniques for Earthquake Resistant Buildings: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studies and Discussion -- 2.1 Fluid Viscous Dampers -- 2.2 Base Isolators -- 2.3 Elastomeric Polymer Bearings -- 2.4 Dampers -- 2.5 Self-righting and Aluminum Shear Links -- 2.6 Composite Materials -- 2.7 Moment Resisting Connections -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Review of Modern Techniques and Automation in the Construction Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studies and Discussion -- 2.1 Conventional Methods Used in Construction -- 2.2 Modern Construction Methods -- 3 Automation in Construction Sector -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- COVID 19 and Urban Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Analysis of Future Urban Areas -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Future Work -- References -- A Case Study on Flyover in Urban Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives and Methodology -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Planning for Pedestrian-Friendly Cities -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Problem Statement and Study Objectives -- 1.2 Research Objectives and Expected Goal -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Most Advanced Pedestrian-Friendly Cities in Different Continents -- 2.2 Based on Terrain -- 2.3 Based on Regions -- 2.4 Based Upon Psychological Factors -- 3 Data Collection and Analysis -- 4 Proposed Suggestions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Spatiotemporal Variation in Surface Velocity of Glaciers, Namely, Mount Kolahoi in the Lidder Basin Between 2016 and 2019 Using Landsat 8 Imagery -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Dataset -- 4 Methodology. , 5 Glacier Velocity Estimation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 3D Reconstruction of Heritage Site Using Terrestrial LiDAR Scanner (Tls): A Case Study of a Section of Gulistan-E-Iram, Lucknow -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principal of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) -- 3 Components of Terrestrial LiDAR Scanner (TLS) -- 4 Architecture Inspection -- 5 Study Area -- 6 Methodology -- 7 Result of the Study -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Efficient Bus Transport System, Case Study of Dehradun -- 1 Background -- 2 Literature Study -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Pre-fieldwork -- 3.2 Fieldwork -- 3.3 Post-fieldwork -- 4 Road Characteristics -- 4.1 Road Network -- 4.2 Vehicular Growth -- 5 Current Posture of Public Transport -- 5.1 Condition of Public Transport in Dehradun -- 5.2 Existing Bus Transport Network -- 5.3 Existing Vikram Routes -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Recommendation -- References -- Snow Cover Mapping Over the Region of Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) for 2008-2018 Using Cloud Mitigated Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow Cover Data -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Datasets Used -- 3.1 MODIS Snow Cover Data Products -- 3.2 Landsat Data Products -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Methods for Vehicle Detection Using Roadside Sensors in Complex Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studies and Discussion -- 2.1 Importance of Vehicle Count in Traffic Engineering -- 2.2 Intrusive and Non-intrusive Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Model-Based Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Biological Nutrient Removal Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 WWTP -- 2.2 Mathematical Model -- 2.3 Activated Sludge Model-1 -- 2.4 Activated Sludge Model -2 -- 2.5 Activated Sludge Model-3 -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , Qualitative and Comparative Assessment of Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents in Selaqui Region -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Studies on Characterization of Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents -- 2.2 Past Studies in Pharma City, Selaqui -- 2.3 Study Area -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 PH -- 3.2 Conductivity -- 3.3 COD -- 3.4 BOD -- 4 Compliance Check with CPCB Standards -- 5 Comparative Study -- 5.1 Effluent Comparison -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- FPGA Implementation of Area-Efficient Binary Counter Using Xilinx IP Cores -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed Work -- 4 Comparison of Proposed and Existing Work -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Impact of Non-standardized Trucks on Vehicle Fill Rate (VFR) and Cost in Indian FMCG Sector: A Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 Case Description -- 3.2 Case Selection -- 3.3 Data Gathering -- 3.4 Data Analysis -- 4 Variability and Impact Analysis (In Terms of Vfr and Cost) -- 4.1 CASE 1: Study of Minimum Variation in Vehicle Dimension for a Similar Type of Truck and Its Effect on Vehicle Fill Rate (VFR) and Variable Distribution Cost Vehicle Direct Cost (VDC) -- 4.2 CASE 2: Study of Minimum Variation Loading Capacity for a Similar Type of Truck and Its Effect on Variable Distribution Cost  (VDC) -- 4.3 Discussion -- 5 Impact of Variabilty of Truck Size and Truck Carrying Capacity on Decision-Making -- 6 Real-Life Implication -- 7 Limitation and Scope of Further Research -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- A Characteristic Study on the Factors Influencing Dust Explosion in Different Industrial Sectors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Conducted to Understand the Dust Movement -- 3 Combustible Property of Textile Dust -- 3.1 Case Study 1 -- 3.2 Case Study 2 -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Piezoelectric Materials for Sustainable Energy and Fitness Monitoring of Civil Structures -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Technology Development -- 1.2 Piezoelectric Ceramics -- 1.3 Piezoelectric Constant -- 2 Experiment -- 2.1 Electromechanical Properties -- 2.2 Fabrication Technique -- 2.3 Building Fitness Monitoring -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Study on Effectiveness of Parkinsonia Aculeate for Water Treatment: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Turbid Water Purification Using Parkinsonia Seeds [9] -- 3 Water Purification Using Purified Proteins [10] -- 4 Test for the Purification on Large Scale [13] -- 5 Comparison of Coagulating Properties of Crude Seed Extracts and Eluted Proteins [12] -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Floating Green Buildings and Towns -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Floating Cities and Residential Plots Overview -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Discussion and Future Scope of Work -- References -- Integrating Vastu Shastra for Green and Energy Efficient Building Under Byelaws -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analysis of Development Control and Promotion Regulations for Regional Plans in Maharashtra -- 3 Identification of Deficiencies and Gap Analysis -- 3.1 Part 2-General Planning and Building Requirements -- 3.2 Part 3-General Guidelines for Residential Land-Use -- 3.3 Part3-General Guidelines for Commercial Complexes -- 3.4 Part 4-Guidelines for the Construction of Spiritual Places -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Efficient Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Dehradun City -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Data Collection and Processing -- 3.1 Existing Situation Analysis -- 4 Result and Conclusion -- 5 Recommendation -- References -- A Study on Alternative Strategies for Public Transportation in Dehradun City -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Objectives -- 1.2 Methodology -- 2 Literature Review. , 3 Data Collection and Analysis -- 3.1 Boarding and Alighting Data Collected on Field -- 4 Results and Discussion-Alternate Strategies -- 4.1 Bus Transportation Completely Operated By Government -- 4.2 Both Transit and Paratransit Help the City to Turn Out Into a Smart City -- 4.3 Both Bus Transit and Paratransit Serve the City of Dehradun Simultaneously Under the Government Supervision -- 4.4 Privatisation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainability Assessment Need for Construction Phase in Construction Project -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Construction  Site & -- Pollution -- 3 Construction Site Sustainability -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Suitable Urban Land Development Model for Uttarakhand -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Land Acquisition -- 2.2 Land Pooling -- 2.3 Town Planning Schemes (TPS) -- 2.4 Transferable Development Rights (TDR) -- 2.5 Accommodation and Reservation Principle -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Assessment of Urban Land Development Mechanism in Different States of India -- 4.1 Maharashtra -- 4.2 Gujarat -- 4.3 Delhi -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- 6 Recommended Framework -- 6.1 Land Pooling -- 6.2 TPS Mechanism -- 6.3 Transferrable Development Rights and Accommodation Reservation -- References -- Evacuation Methods During Fire in High-Rise Buildings: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Limitations -- 5 Outline -- 6 Behavioral Problems Regarding the Building Using -- 6.1 Office Building -- 6.2 Residential Building -- 6.3 Health Care Building -- 6.4 Egress Components -- 6.5 Stairs -- 6.6 Elevators -- 6.7 Sky Bridges -- 6.8 Refugee Floor -- 6.9 Egress Methods -- 7 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 An Overview on Environmental Degradation and Mitigation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Environmental Degradation -- 1.3 Causes of Environmental Degradation -- 1.4 Impacts of Environmental Degradation -- 1.5 Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 1.5.1 Prevention of Deforestation -- 1.5.2 Governmental Regulations -- 1.5.3 Sustainable Consumption and Production Regulations -- 1.5.4 Adoption of the Principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) -- 1.5.5 Adoption of Environment-Friendly Education -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Causes of Degradation -- 2 Deforestation and Forests Degradation Impacts on the Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Factors Responsible for Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.2.1 Direct Cause -- 2.2.2 Natural Causes -- 2.2.3 Underlying Causes -- 2.3 Environmental Implications of Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.3.1 Deforestation Impacts on Climate Change -- 2.3.2 Deforestation Impacts on Soil Erosion -- 2.3.3 Deforestation Impacts on Disrupted Livelihood -- 2.3.4 Deforestation Impacts on Water Cycles -- 2.3.5 Deforestation Impacts on Social Consequences -- 2.3.6 Deforestation Impacts on Food Security -- 2.3.7 Health Associated with Forest Threats -- 2.4 Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR): An Initiative Towards Degradation Prevention -- 2.4.1 FLR Principles -- 2.4.2 Characteristics of FLR Initiatives (Maginnis et al. 2007) -- 2.4.3 Few Best Practices for Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) -- 2.5 Policy Interventions -- 2.5.1 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 2.5.2 Aichi Targets -- 2.5.3 Bonn Challenge -- 2.5.4 REDD and REDD + strategies -- 2.5.5 Recommendations and Future Research Prospects -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References. , 3 Measuring Environmental Impact of Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Energy Sectors in Bangladesh Through Life Cycle Assessment -- 3.1 The State of Bangladesh's Economically Important Sectors and Environmental Footprint -- 3.2 Approach for Identifying Literature -- 3.3 Assessment of Environmental Impact/Degradation Based on the Findings of Available LCA Studies for Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Agricultural Sector -- 3.3.2 Manufacturing Sectors -- 3.3.3 Energy Sector -- 3.4 Environmental Policy Recommendations for Impact Decoupling -- 3.4.1 Policy Interventions for Agricultural Sector -- 3.4.2 Policy Interventions for Manufacturing Sector -- 3.4.3 Policy Interventions for Energy Sector -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides: Impacts on Soil Degradation, Groundwater, and Human Health in Bangladesh -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Agrochemicals -- 4.2.1 Fertilizers -- 4.2.2 Pesticides -- 4.3 Global Use of Agrochemicals -- 4.4 Impacts of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.4.1 Impacts on Soil -- 4.4.2 Impacts on Groundwater Resources -- 4.4.3 Impacts on Human Health -- 4.5 Alternatives to Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.5.1 Organic Farming: A Sustainable Alternative -- 4.5.2 Integrated Pest Management -- 4.5.3 Biocontrol Agents for Reducing Pesticide Consumption -- 4.5.4 Other Approaches -- 4.5.5 Green Chemistry -- 4.6 Conclusions -- 4.7 Recommendations -- References -- Part III Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 5 Environmental Impacts and Necessity of Removal of Emerging Contaminants to Facilitate Safe Reuse of Treated Municipal Wastewaters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of Emerging Contaminants of Persistence -- 5.2.1 Pesticides and Herbicides -- 5.2.2 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products -- 5.2.3 Dyes -- 5.2.4 Industrial Chemicals -- 5.3 Occurrence of ECs in Wastewater and Environment. , 5.3.1 Occurrence of ECs in Effluent Treatment Plant -- 5.3.2 Occurrence of ECs in Environment -- 5.4 Advanced Oxidation Strategies for Removal of ECs -- 5.4.1 Application of Physical Techniques -- 5.4.2 Application of Chemicals Techniques -- 5.5 Hybrid Systems for Augmentation of Performance -- 5.5.1 O3-UV Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.2 O3-H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.3 UV and Cl2 Integrated Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.6 General Discussion -- 5.7 Recommendation -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution to Minimize Eutrophication of Surface Waters in Asia -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution -- 6.2.1 Partial Nitritation-Denitrification -- 6.2.2 ANAMMOX -- 6.2.3 SHARON -- 6.2.4 SHARON-ANAMMOX -- 6.2.5 CANON -- 6.2.6 NOx -- 6.2.7 OLAND -- 6.2.8 DEMON -- 6.2.9 DEAMOX -- 6.2.10 SNAD -- 6.2.11 BABE -- 6.2.12 FeOx/MnOx-Mediated Nitrification and Denitrification -- 6.2.13 Feammox/Mnammox -- 6.3 Recommendations -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor and Upflow Anaerobic Filter for Domestic Wastewater Purification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor -- 7.3 Anaerobic Filter for Wastewater Treatment -- 7.4 Experimental Study of the Hybrid System (ABR and AF) -- 7.4.1 Lab-Scale Hybrid System -- 7.4.2 Sampling and Parameter Analysis -- 7.5 Results and Discussion -- 7.5.1 Wastewater Characteristic -- 7.5.2 Performance of the Hybrid System -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 7.7 Recommendation -- References -- 8 Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollutants of Industrial Effluents and Environmental Impacts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.2.1 Adsorbent (Nano CaSPT) -- 8.2.2 Adsorbate [Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III)] -- 8.2.3 Adsorption Experiments. , 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Microscopic Study -- 8.3.2 Surface Property Investigation -- 8.3.3 Batch Adsorption Experiments -- 8.3.4 Adsorption Screening of HM Ions with CaSPT -- 8.3.5 Metal Ion Adsorption on Nano CaSPT -- 8.4 Recommendation and Future Research Prospects -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Textile Dye Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Biological Methods and Impact on Environment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Textile Wastewater Characteristics -- 9.3 Textile Dyes -- 9.3.1 Dye Structure and Properties -- 9.4 Environmental Impacts of Textile Dyes -- 9.4.1 Impact on Aquatic Environment -- 9.4.2 Impact on Vegetation -- 9.4.3 Impact on Human Health -- 9.5 Textile Dye Decolourization Techniques -- 9.5.1 Physical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.2 Chemical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.3 Biological Treatments -- 9.5.4 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Reactors -- 9.5.5 Biofilms -- 9.5.6 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Fixed (Packed) Bed Biofilm Reactors -- 9.6 Conclusions -- 9.7 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Environmental Remediation Technologies -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Remediation Technologies and Their Application -- 10.2.1 NanoRemediation Technology -- 10.2.2 Solidification and Stabilization -- 10.2.3 Thermal Desorption -- 10.2.4 Gas-Based Techniques -- 10.2.5 Phytoremediation -- 10.3 Selection of Relevant Remediation Technology -- 10.4 Conclusions -- 10.5 Recommendations -- References -- 11 Wastewater Remediation: Emerging Technologies and Future Prospects -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Conventional Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.2.1 Physico-chemical Treatment Processes -- 11.2.2 Biological Treatments -- 11.3 Advanced Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.3.1 Membrane Distillation (MD) -- 11.3.2 Forward Osmosis -- 11.3.3 Photocatalysis -- 11.3.4 Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology. , 11.4 Sustainability and Value Addition in WWT -- 11.4.1 Recovery of Value Added Products from Effluent Streams -- 11.4.2 Process Intensification -- 11.5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Part IV Impacts of Degradation -- 12 Microbial Diversity and Physio-Chemical Characterization and Treatment of Textiles Effluents -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Pollutants and Aquatic Environment -- 12.3 Effects of Industrial Effluents in Aquatic Environment -- 12.4 Textile Colorants -- 12.5 Study of Textile Effluents -- 12.6 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Effluent -- 12.7 Bioremediation -- 12.7.1 Oscillatoria -- 12.8 Materials and Methods -- 12.8.1 Collection of Samples -- 12.8.2 Study of Microbial Diversity -- 12.9 Results and Discussion -- 12.9.1 Swimming Activity -- 12.9.2 Opercular Beats -- 12.9.3 Rate of Oxygen Consumption -- 12.9.4 Haematological Parameters -- 12.9.5 Biochemical Studies -- 12.9.6 Enzymes Studies -- 12.10 Conclusion -- 12.11 Recommendations -- References -- 13 A Sustainable Solution for the Rehabilitation of Surface Water Quality Degradation -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Best Management Practice (BMP) to Mitigate Diffuse Pollution -- 13.1.2 Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2 Case Studies of Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2.1 Nitrogen Removal -- 13.2.2 Phosphorus Removal -- 13.2.3 Pesticides Removal -- 13.2.4 Organic Matter Removal -- 13.2.5 Solids Removal -- 13.2.6 Pathogen Removal -- 13.2.7 Heavy Metals Removal -- 13.2.8 Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) Removal -- 13.3 Challenges Faced by the VD and Recommendations for the Enhancement of VD Systems -- 13.3.1 Contaminant Removal Efficiencies -- 13.3.2 Operational and Maintenance Issues -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Recovery from Natural Disasters and Environmental Destruction in East Japan -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Characteristics of the East Japan Area. , 14.3 The Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contributors -- Section 1: Preliminaries -- CHAPTER 1: Introduction -- CHAPTER 2: History and Evolution of Watershed Modeling Derived from the Stanford Watershed Model -- CHAPTER 3: Regional Calibration of Watershed Models -- Section 2: Large Watershed Models -- CHAPTER 4: Large-Scale Hybrid Watershed Modeling -- CHAPTER 5: Simulation of Water and Energy Budgets Using a Macroscale Hydrological Model for the Upper Mississippi River Basin -- Section 3: Streamflow Models -- CHAPTER 6: Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) Model: A Model for Simulating Diverse Streamflow-Producing Processes -- CHAPTER 7: USGS Modular Modeling System (MMS) - Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) -- CHAPTER 8: The Xin'anjiang Model on Digital Basin Platform -- Section 4: Streamflow and Water Quality Models -- CHAPTER 9: A First-Principle, Physics-Based Watershed Model: WASH123D -- CHAPTER 10: Flexible Integrated Watershed Modeling with MIKE SHE -- CHAPTER 11: Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) -- CHAPTER 12: MEFIDIS: A Physically Based, Spatially Distributed Runoff and Erosion Model for Extreme Rainfall Events -- CHAPTER 13: BAYMOD: Modeling Irrigated Catchments Using the Streamflow Integral Approach -- Section 5: Urban Watershed Models -- CHAPTER 14: EPA Storm Water Management Model, SWMM5 -- CHAPTER 15: IDEAL: Integrated Design and Evaluation Assessment of Loadings Model -- CHAPTER 16: SEDIMOT III Model -- Section 6: Agricultural Watershed Models -- CHAPTER 17: The SPAW Model for Agricultural Field and Pond Hydrologic Simulation -- CHAPTER 18: The APEX Model -- CHAPTER 19: GAMES: The Guelph Model for Evaluating the Effects of Agricultural Management Systems on Erosion and Sedimentation -- Section 7: Planning and Management Models. , CHAPTER 20: Use of Distributed Models for Watershed Management: Case Studies -- CHAPTER 21: RiverWare -- CHAPTER 22: A Parsimonious Watershed Model -- CHAPTER 23: MODSIM: River Basin Management Decision Support System -- CHAPTER 24: Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) Modeling System -- CHAPTER 25: Hydrological River Basin Environment Assessment Model (Hydro-BEAM) -- CHAPTER 26: State of Colorado's Stream Simulation Model (StateMod) -- INDEX.