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  • 2020-2024  (55)
  • 2015-2019  (16)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford :Elsevier,
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry. ; Imaging systems in chemistry. ; Science. ; Electronic books.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chemical Imaging Analysis covers the advancements made over the last 50 years in chemical imaging analysis, including different analytical techniques and the ways they were developed and refined to link the composition and structure of manmade and natural materials at the nano/micro scale to the functional behavior at the macroscopic scale. In a development process that started in the early 1960s, a variety of specialized analytical techniques was developed - or adapted from existing techniques - and these techniques have matured into versatile and powerful tools for visualizing structural and compositional heterogeneity. This text explores that journey, providing a general overview of imaging techniques in diverse fields, including mass spectrometry, optical spectrometry including X-rays, electron microscopy, and beam techniques. Provides comprehensive coverage of analytical techniques used in chemical imaging analysis Explores a variety of specialized techniques Provides a general overview of imaging techniques in diverse fields.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (493 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780444634504
    Serie: Issn Series ; v.Volume 69
    DDC: 543
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Advisory Board -- Chemical Imaging Analysis -- Copyright -- Contents -- Series Editor's Preface -- Preface -- Chapter 1 - Chemical Imaging Introduction -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 SEMICONDUCTORS - MICROELECTRONICS -- 1.3 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND NANOANALYSIS -- 1.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 - Spatially Confined Analysis -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 CHEMICAL IMAGING ANALYSIS -- 2.3 POINT ANALYSIS AND 2-D IMAGING ANALYSIS -- 2.4 SURFACE ANALYSIS, ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY FOR SURFACE ANALYSIS -- 2.5 DETECTION LIMITS, SENSITIVITY -- 2.6 TECHNIQUES BASED ON INNER-SHELL EXCITATION -- 2.7 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, ELECTRON AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION -- 2.8 METROLOGY AT THE NANOLEVEL -- 2.9 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 - History and Present Status of Micro- and Nano-Imaging Analysis -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 BEAM AND PROBE TECHNIQUES -- 3.3 MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 3.4 OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY -- 3.5 X-RAY MICROSCOPY -- 3.6 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY -- 3.7 SURFACE SENSITIVE ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY -- 3.8 TECHNIQUES BASED ON MEGAELECTRONVOLT PROTONS AND OTHER HEAVY IONS -- 3.9 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 - Nanotechnology and Analytical Chemistry -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 NANOSTRUCTURAL MATERIALS -- 4.3 DNA AND NANOTECHNOLOGY -- 4.4 SPECTROSCOPIC EFFECTS -- 4.5 DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS -- 4.6 MICRO- AND NANO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS, NEMS) -- 4.7 MINIATURISATION IN ANALYSIS -- 4.8 BIOMIMETICS -- 4.9 NANOTOXICOLOGY, ECOTOXICOLOGY -- 4.10 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 - Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Imaging -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 5.3 SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 5.4 FOURIER TRANSFORM LASER MICROPROBE MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 5.5 ATOM PROBE MICROSCOPY. THE 3-D ATOM PROBE -- 5.6 MOLECULAR IMAGING, MASS SPECTROMETRY IMAGING. , 5.7 ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY AND IMAGING ANALYSIS -- 5.8 PROSPECTS AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 - X-Ray Imaging -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 X-RAY FOCUSSING -- 6.3 SYNCHROTRON SOURCES -- 6.4 X-RAY ANALYSIS AND IMAGING -- 6.5 COHERENCE AND IMAGING -- 6.6 EXAMPLES OF MICRO-CHARACTERISATION IN SR FACILITIES IN EUROPE -- 6.7 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND IMAGING -- 6.8 LABORATORY X-RAY IMAGING SYSTEMS -- 6.9 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 - Electron-Based Imaging Techniques -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 ELECTRON INTERACTION WITH MATTER -- 7.3 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AT THE ATOMIC LEVEL -- 7.4 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS -- 7.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 - Particle-Based Imaging Techniques -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 PARTICLE-SOLID INTERACTION -- 8.3 ION BEAM ANALYSIS -- 8.4 INSTRUMENTATION AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS -- 8.5 HELIUM ION MICROSCOPY -- 8.6 FOCUSSED ION BEAM SYSTEMS -- 8.7 LARGE VOLUME COSMIC RAY TOMOGRAPHY -- 8.8 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 - Spectroscopic Imaging -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY -- 9.3 SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING TECHNIQUES -- 9.4 NONLINEAR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY -- 9.5 NANOPARTICLES -- 9.6 LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROMETRY -- 9.7 RAMAN IMAGING -- 9.8 COMBINATIONAL TOOLS FOR IMAGING -- 9.9 HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGING -- 9.10 DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 - Chemical Imaging as an Analytical Methodology -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 THE EVOLUTION OF IMAGING ANALYSIS -- 10.3 MICRO- AND NANOIMAGING ANALYSIS -- 10.4 IMAGING ANALYSIS: A COMPLEX DATA GATHERING TOOL -- 10.5 OUTLOOK -- 10.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Index -- Color Plates.
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-20
    Beschreibung: The timing of initiation of human impacts on the global climate system is actively debated. Anthropogenic effects on the global climate system are evident since the Industrial Revolution, but humans may have altered biomass burning, and hence the climate system, for millennia. We use the specific biomarker levoglucosan to produce the first high-temporal resolution hemispheric reconstruction of Holocene fire emissions inferred from ice core analyses. Levoglucosan recorded in the Greenland North Greenland Eemian ice core significantly increases since the last glacial, resulting in a maximum around ~2.5 ka and then decreasing until the present. Here we demonstrate that global climate drivers fail to explain late Holocene biomass burning variations and that the levoglucosan maximum centered on ~2.5 ka may be due to anthropogenic land clearance.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-01
    Beschreibung: Highlights: • We provide comprehensive discussion of carbon cycle forcings in interglacials. • We compare transient simulations of climate-carbon cycle models through Holocene and Eemian interglacials. • We synthesyze role of forcings in previous and current study in one summary figure. Abstract: Changes in temperature and carbon dioxide during glacial cycles recorded in Antarctic ice cores are tightly coupled. However, this relationship does not hold for interglacials. While climate cooled towards the end of both the last (Eemian) and present (Holocene) interglacials, CO2 remained stable during the Eemian while rising in the Holocene. We identify and review twelve biogeochemical mechanisms of terrestrial (vegetation dynamics and CO2 fertilization, land use, wildfire, accumulation of peat, changes in permafrost carbon, subaerial volcanic outgassing) and marine origin (changes in sea surface temperature, carbonate compensation to deglaciation and terrestrial biosphere regrowth, shallow-water carbonate sedimentation, changes in the soft tissue pump, and methane hydrates), which potentially may have contributed to the CO2 dynamics during interglacials but which remain not well quantified. We use three Earth System Models (ESMs) of intermediate complexity to compare effects of selected mechanisms on the interglacial CO2 and δ13CO2 changes, focusing on those with substantial potential impacts: namely carbonate sedimentation in shallow waters, peat growth, and (in the case of the Holocene) human land use. A set of specified carbon cycle forcings could qualitatively explain atmospheric CO2 dynamics from 8 ka BP to the pre-industrial. However, when applied to Eemian boundary conditions from 126 to 115 ka BP, the same set of forcings led to disagreement with the observed direction of CO2 changes after 122 ka BP. This failure to simulate late-Eemian CO2 dynamics could be a result of the imposed forcings such as prescribed CaCO3 accumulation and/or an incorrect response of simulated terrestrial carbon to the surface cooling at the end of the interglacial. These experiments also reveal that key natural processes of interglacial CO2 dynamics – shallow water CaCO3 accumulation, peat and permafrost carbon dynamics - are not well represented in the current ESMs. Global-scale modeling of these long-term carbon cycle components started only in the last decade, and uncertainty in parameterization of these mechanisms is a main limitation in the successful modeling of interglacial CO2 dynamics.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Maffezzoli, Niccolò; Spolaor, Andrea; Barbante, Carlo; Bertò, Michele; Frezzotti, Massimo; Vallelonga, Paul T (2017): Bromine, iodine and sodium in surface snow along the 2013 Talos Dome–GV7 traverse (northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica). The Cryosphere, 11(2), 693-705, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-693-2017
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-13
    Beschreibung: Halogen chemistry in the polar regions occurs through the release of sea salt rich aerosols from sea ice surfaces and organic compounds from algae colonies living within the sea ice environment. Measurements of halogen species in polar snow samples are limited to a few sites although they are shown to be closely related to sea ice extent. We examine here total bromine, iodine and sodium concentrations in a series of 2 m cores collected during a traverse from Talos Dome (72°48' S, 159°06' E) to GV7 (70°41' S, 158°51' E), analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) at a resolution of 5 cm. We find a distinct seasonality of the bromine enrichment signal in all cores, with maxima during the austral late spring. Iodine showed average concentrations of 0.04 ppb with little variability. No distinct seasonality was found for iodine and sodium. The transect revealed homogeneous fluxes for the three chemical species along the transect, due to competing effects of air masses originating from the Ross Sea and the Southern Ocean. The flux measurements are consistent with the uniform values of BrO and IO detected from satellite observations. Similar trends are found for annual bromine enrichment and 130-190° E First Year Sea Ice for the 2010-2013 period.
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 8 datasets
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): Bromine; Bromine, non-sea-salt; Bromine enrichment; Calculated; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), L21301i, Picarro Inc.; Core 7; DEPTH, ice/snow; Hand ice drill; HID; Inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS); Iodine; Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica; Sodium; TD_GV7_traverse_7; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 280 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): Core 10; Core 6; Core 7; Core 8; Core 9; Date/Time of event; Distance; Elevation of event; Event label; GV7; Hand ice drill; HID; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica; Optional event label; TD; TD_GV7_traverse_10; TD_GV7_traverse_6; TD_GV7_traverse_7; TD_GV7_traverse_8; TD_GV7_traverse_9
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): Bromine; Bromine, non-sea-salt; Bromine enrichment; Calculated; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), L21301i, Picarro Inc.; Core 10; DEPTH, ice/snow; Hand ice drill; HID; Inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS); Iodine; Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica; Sodium; TD_GV7_traverse_10; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 277 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): Bromine; Bromine, non-sea-salt; Bromine enrichment; Calculated; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), L21301i, Picarro Inc.; Core 6; DEPTH, ice/snow; Hand ice drill; HID; Inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS); Iodine; Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica; Sodium; TD_GV7_traverse_6; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 280 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): Bromine; Bromine, non-sea-salt; Bromine enrichment; Calculated; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), L21301i, Picarro Inc.; DEPTH, ice/snow; GV7; Hand ice drill; HID; Inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS); Iodine; Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica; Sodium; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 560 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27
    Schlagwort(e): Bromine; Bromine, non-sea-salt; Bromine enrichment; Calculated; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), L21301i, Picarro Inc.; Core 8; DEPTH, ice/snow; Hand ice drill; HID; Inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS); Iodine; Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica; Sodium; TD_GV7_traverse_8; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 277 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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