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  • 2020-2023  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 21 (1970), S. 537-549 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 14 (1971), S. 301-313 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A balloon borne counter telescope with a gas Cerenkov counter is used to measure the energy of primary cosmic ray electrons between 2 and 200 GeV. Electrons are identified by the characteristic electron-photon shower which they produce in a 15 radiation length deep stack of high-Z material interleaved with scintillation counters. Calibrations with monoenergetic electrons up to 14 GeV and monoenergetic protons up to 28 GeV from accelerators are used to develop criteria to statistically separate electrons from proton induced events. The results from six balloon flights (total exposure time 63 hours) are combined to obtain the electron energy spectrum. Up to about 30 GeV the spectrum measured in this experiment can be directly checked with calibrations and agrees well with results from other experiments. Above this energy the flux reported here is somewhat higher than the determinations reported by most other authors. We do not attach significance to an apparent flattening of the energy spectrum above 50 GeV. There is no evidence for a steepening of the spectrum at energies below 200 GeV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 3014-3026 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aromatic Complexes of Metals, CXVCXIV. Mitteil.: E. O. Fischer und R. J. J. Schneider, Chem. Ber. 103, 3684 (1970). Über Di-π-cyclopentadienyl-μ-π-cyclopentadien-dimetall-Komplexe des Palladiums, Nickels und Platins, „Tetracyclopentadienyl-dipalladium“ und π-Cyclopentadienyl-π-(2-methyl-1-acetyl-allyl)-palladium. On Di-π-cyclopentadienyl-μ-π-cyclopentadienedimetal Complexes of Palladium, Nickel, and Platinum as well as on „Tetracyclopentadienyldipalladium“ and π-Cyclopentadienyl-π-(2-methyl-1-acetylallyl)palladiumMetal halides MX2 = PdBr2, NiI2 yield with alkali cyclopentadienides and cyclopentadiene a new diamagnetic type of compounds according to An analogously composed platinum complex was detected too. Spectroscopic investigations support a molecular structure with a metal-metal bond, two π-bonded C5H5-rings and a π-bonded C5H6-ring as bridge in a manner that the compounds can be described as di-π-cyclopentadienyl-μ-π-cyclopentadienedimetal complexes. - Variation of the reaction conditions led to Pd2C20H20 mixed with Pd2(C5H5)2C5H6. Pd2C20H20 was proved by mass spectroscopy and so the question of a „tetracyclopentadienyldipalladium“ is settled. It should, however, exist as di-π-cyclopentadienyl-μ-π-(5-cyclopentadienylcyclopentadiene)dipalladium. According to violet, diamagnetic π-cyclopentadienyl-π-(2-methyl-1-acetylallyl)palladium was obtained.
    Notes: Metallhalogenide MX2 = PdBr2, NiJ2 ergeben mit Alkalicyclopentadieniden und Cyclopentadien einen neuen diamagnetischen Verbindungstyp nach Ein analog zusammengesetzter Platin-Komplex konnte ebenfalls nachgewiesen werden. Spektroskopische Untersuchungen sprechen für einen Molekülaufbau mit Metall-Metall-Bindung, zwei π-gebundenen C5H5-Ringen und π-gebundenem C5H6 als Brücke, so daß die Verbindungen als Di-π-cyclopentadienyl-μ-π-cyclopentadien-dimetall-Komplexe aufzufassen sind. - Durch Änderung der Reaktionsbedingungen im Gemisch mit Pd2(C5H5)2C5H6 entstehendes Pd2C20H20 ließ sich massenspektroskopisch sichern und damit die Frage nach einem „Tetracyclopentadienyl-dipalladium“ beantworten, das jedoch als Di-π-cyclopentadienyl-μ-π-(5-cyclopentadienyl-cyclopentadien)-dipalladium vorliegen dürfte. - Nach entsteht violettes, diamagnetisches π-Cyclopentadienyl-π-(2-methyl-l-acetyl-allyl)-palladium.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: High wind speed (U) is one of the most dangerous natural hazards in North America and Europe. As a result, spatially explicit, statistical estimation of extreme U is of particular relevance for many sectors. However, the most common sources of wind speed data such as reanalysis data and in situ measurements are limited for this purpose due to their coarse spatial resolution and low representativeness. Thus, the main goal was to develop a high spatial resolution (250 m × 250 m) model (GloWiSMo‐X) for monthly mapping of the maximum hourly U for a 10‐year return period (U10yr) in North America and Europe. The multistep development of GloWiSMo‐X is based on 2544 hourly U time series available from the integrated surface global hourly meteorological data set (UNCEI), U time series from ERA5 (UERA5), and mean wind speed from the Global Wind Speed Model (U¯GloWiSMo). Firstly, the block maxima method was applied to estimate monthly wind speed for a 10‐year return period for both UNCEI (U10yr,NCEI) and UERA5 (U10yr,ERA5). Secondly, the least squares boosting approach was used to predict the target variable U10yr,NCEI yielding the predictions Û10yr. The predictor variables U10yr,ERA5, U¯GloWiSMo, continent, and month were used as input. It was found that the highest monthly continental means of Û10yr (U¯10yr) in January are 16.4 m/s in North America and 16.3 m/s in Europe. U¯10yr dropped to 13.4 m/s and 12.5 m/s in August. The annual cycle of U¯10yr is more pronounced in Europe than in North America. The central parts of the USA and Western Europe were identified as intracontinental regions with the highest U¯10yr. GloWiSMo‐X proves to be very broadly applicable as it covers two different continents and all months. The model validation by the mean squared error (MSE) demonstrates its improved predictive power compared to ERA5.
    Description: A high spatial resolution (250 m × 250 m) model (GloWiSMo‐X) for monthly mapping of the maximum hourly wind speed for a 10‐year return period in North America and Europe was developed. The highest monthly continental means are 16.4 m/s in North America and 16.3 m/s in Europe. Due to the pronounced annual cycle, it drops to 13.4 m/s and 12.5 m/s in August. image
    Description: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit
    Keywords: ddc:551.5
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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