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  • 2020-2022  (5)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A significant contourite depositional system (CDS) on the continental slope of the southern Argentine margin is described here for the first time. This system contains both erosive and depositional features that have resulted from several factors, including topographic intensification of the Antarctic-sourced water masses, the systematic northward decrease in speed of these water masses, a northward increase of downslope sedimentary processes, and local tectonic influences. This system is an exceptional example of a CDS that started to develop at the time of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, potentially coeval with the opening of the Drake Passage. However, a new margin morphology, characterized by a complex terraced slope lacking any continental rise, developed after a major paleoceanographic change in the middle to late Miocene. We infer that this change resulted from the extension of North Atlantic Deep Water circulation into the Southern Hemisphere and the deepening of Antarctic Bottom Water circulation in the Argentine Basin
    Description: Published
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.507-510
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Scotia Arc is one of two regions in the Atlantic Ocean with greater potential for tsunami generation from seismic and volcanic sources. A numerical modeling study was undertaken to determine tsunami generation from postulated sources along the Arc and tsunami wave amplification or attenuation along the Patagonian continental shelf. Sea level oscillation represented by a simple sinusoidal wave function applied at the boundary of the numerical grid, which simulated the tsunami entering the computational domain, was implemented as forcing. The validation of this model was carried out by comparing the maximum amplitudes recorded and simulated at Santa Teresita and Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires province) after the occurrence of earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Sumatra (December 2004). From numerical simulations it can be seen that the tsunami propagation is highly affected by bathymetric refraction on the Patagonian continental shelf and the wave amplitude is significantly attenuated on the inner continental shelf. Maximum amplifications were obtained around Malvinas (Falkland) Islands and Burdwood bank because the wave propagates almost without refracting and the shoaling effect is highly significant there
    Description: Published
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.437-458
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The aim of the present study was to characterise the morpho-sedimentary features and main stratigraphic stacking pattern off the Tierra del Fuego continental margin, the north-western sector of the Scotia Sea abyssal plain (Yaghan Basin) and the Malvinas/Falkland depression, based on single- and multi-channel seismic profiles. Distinct contourite features were identified within the sedimentary record from the Middle Miocene onwards. Each major drift developed in a water depth range coincident with a particular water mass, contourite terraces on top of some of these drifts being associated with interfaces between water masses. Two major palaeoceanographic changes were identified. One took place in the Middle Miocene with the onset of Antarctic Intermediate Water flow and the enhancement of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) flow, coevally with the onset of Weddell Sea Deep Water flow in the Scotia Sea. Another palaeoceanographic change occurred on the abyssal plain of the Yaghan Basin in the Late Miocene as a consequence of the onset of Southeast Pacific Deep Water flow and its complex interaction with the lower branch of the CDW. Interestingly, these two periods of change in bottom currents are coincident with regional tectonic episodes, as well as climate and Antarctic ice sheet oscillations. The results convincingly demonstrate that the identification of contourite features on the present-day seafloor and within the sedimentary record is the key for decoding the circulation of water masses in the past. Nevertheless, further detailed studies, especially the recovery of drill cores, are necessary to establish a more robust chronology of the evolutionary stages at the transition between the western Scotia Sea and the southern South Atlantic Ocean.
    Description: Published
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.271-288
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Patagonian continental margin records some of the tectonic, sedimentary, climatic, and oceanographic events that participated in the evolution of the Patagonian and south-western Atlantic regions. Those records are essential for fully understanding the geology and biodiversity of Patagonia. Regional geotectonic and morphosedimentary features are characterized by different types of continental margins (passive, transcurrent, and transpressive). In each of them the constituent features (shelf, slope, and rise) acquire particular morphological and sedimentary configurations. Characteristics of the sedimentary sequences and the limiting discontinuities document the different evolutive stages of the margin and intervening major processes. The regional tectonic, palaeoclimatic, and palaeoceanographic events that occurred after the break-up of Gondwana until the Quaternary, which conditioned the morphosedimentary characteristics, are analysed and described here. It is concluded that the region evolved in three major stages, according to the predominance of different factors: (1) a stage dominated by endogene factors, which occurred in Mesozoic times, when the major processes at work were plate tectonics and oceanic opening; (2) a transitional stage, which occurred in the lower Tertiary, when the proto-Atlantic Ocean evolved towards an open sea, and climatic and oceanographic factors became at least as important as tectonic factors; and (3) a stage dominated by exogene factors, which occurred in post-Oligocene times, when the Atlantic Ocean was definitively installed and the circulation of oceanic currents influenced the characteristics of the sedimentary environments this stage ended in the Quaternary when glacioeustatic fluctuations imprinted the present morphosedimentary configuration. 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103, 346362. El Margen Continental Patagónico guarda gran parte de los registros de eventos tectónicos, sedimentarios, climáticos y oceanográficos que participaron en la evolución de la región Patagónica y del Atlántico Suroccidental. Su conocimiento es esencial para comprender cabalmente la geología y biodiversidad de Patagonia. Los rasgos geotectónicos y morfosedimentarios regionales se caracterizan por diferentes tipos de márgenes continentales (pasivo, transcurrente y transpresivo), en cada uno los cuales sus elementos constituyentes, la plataforma, el talud y la emersión, adquieren configuraciones morfológicas y sedimentarias particulares. Las características de las secuencias estratigráficas y sus discontinuidades documentan las distintas etapas de evolución del margen y los procesos mayores intervinientes. Se analizan y describen los eventos tectónicos, palaeoclimáticos y palaeoceanográficos de extensión regional que caracterizaron a la región desde la apertura de Gondwana hasta el Cuaternario y condicionaron sus aspectos morfosedimentarios. Se concluye que la región evolucionó en tres etapas mayores de acuerdo al predominio de diferentes factores: 1) etapa dominada por factores endógenos, ocurrida en tiempos Mesozoicos, cuando los procesos mayores fueron la tectónica de placas y la apertura oceánica; 2) etapa transicional, en el Terciario bajo, cuando el proto-Océano Atlántico ya comenzaba a evolucionar hacia un mar abierto y los factores condicionantes climático-oceanográficos se hicieron al menos tan importantes como los tectónicos; 3) etapa dominada por factores exógenos, ocurrida en tiempos post-Oligocenos, cuando el Océano Atlántico ya estaba definitivamente instalado y la circulación de las corrientes oceánicas influenció las características de los ambientes sedimentarios; esta etapa culminó en el Cuaternario cuando las fluctuaciones glacioeustáticas le dieron a la región su configuración actual.
    Description: Published
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.346-362
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El Margen Continental Argentino (MCA) ocupa un lugar privilegiado en el océa no mundial por su contexto oceanográfico altamente dinámico asociado a la circu- lación global, que favorece el desarrollo de extensas capas nefeloides con gran cantidad de sedimentos en suspensión, así como una alta energía de los agentes de erosión y transporte que son capaces de movilizar sedimentos en el fondo marino. Estas condiciones coadyuvan a la ocurrencia de procesos sedimentarios profundos de gran magnitud y complejidad. El margen comenzó a ser estudiado a partir de mediados del siglo XX. El conocimiento que se tenía por ese entonces, que acompañaba a las hipótesis de la época a nivel internacional, señalaba que los procesos sedimentarios dominantes en las regiones profundas del talud y emersión eran los gravitacionales y pelágicos. Se desconocía la influencia de las corrientes de fondo asociadas a la estructura oceanográfica de carácter termohalina, al menos en magnitud importante como para ejercer un efecto modelador significativo sobre el suelo marino. Estudios realizados en las últimas dos décadas alertaron sobre la ocurrencia de procesos sedimentarios asociados a corrientes profundas paralelas al margen capaces de construir cuerpos contorníticos (drifts) elongados en el sentido de circulación de las corrientes. El redescubrimiento de estos procesos llevó a cambiar substancialmente los mapas del lecho marino. Estos nuevos conceptos no solamente marcaron un significativo avance en el campo de la Geología Marina, sino que permitieron comprender que ésta no podía ser considerada e interpretada sin el apoyo de la Oceanografía Física. EnEn base a la interrelación entre los tres procesos sedimentarios básicos que ocurren en los fondos marinos (longitudinales, gravitacionales y pelágicos), el MCA es subdividido regionalmente, de norte a sur, en seis regiones, cada una con sus rasgos morfosedimentarios propios, de acuerdo fundamentalmente a las características que presentan las formas resultantes de los procesos dominantes, que son los contorníticos y gravitacionales. Regionalmente, en el sector de margen pasivo los cuerpos contorníticos son continuos a lo largo de 1600 km, denotando la gran extensión sobre la cual actúan las corrientes de fondo; su magnitud (extensión y espesores) disminuyen progresivamente de sur a norte, debido a factores múltiples como la decreciente dinámica de aquellas corrientes y la interacción con procesos gravitacionales. No obstante, vuelven a adquirir grandes dimensiones hacia el margen de Brasil en un contexto oceanográfico diferente al del margen argentino. En cambio, en los sectores de márgenes transcurrente y mixto adyacentes al sector sur patagónico y Arco de Scotia, los cuerpos contorníticos son más reducidos en tamaño (pocas centenas de km de extensión) y en general de menores espesores, dado que se vinculan a sectores localizados en fosas, canales, taludes de extensión limitada, y pasajes entre altos estructurales y elevaciones del fondo.
    Description: Published
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.7-29
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