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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- u. Meeresforschung
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Antarktis ; Zooplankton ; Lipide ; Südpolarmeer ; Zooplankton ; Lipide
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 129 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung 49
    DDC: 592.0998/9
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturangaben , Vollst. zugl.: Diss.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 Seiten = 4 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karten
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe 2023
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 5 (1986), S. 181-183 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new bathypelagic species of the genus Heterokrohnia, H. longicaudata, is described and separated from the other five previously described Heterokrohnia species, H. mirabilis Ritter-Záhony 1911, H. bathybia Marumo and Kitou 1966, H. involucrum Dawson 1968, H. longidentata Kapp and Hagen 1985 and H. fragilis Kapp and Hagen 1985. The new specimen has been found at great depths (2,350m–1,000m) near Elephant Island, in the atlantic sector north of the Antarctic Peninsula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 4 (1985), S. 53-59 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two new species of the genus Heterokrohnia, H. longidentata and H. fragilis, are described and compared with the other three known Heterokrohnia species, H. mirabilis Ritter-Záhony 1911; H. bathybia Marumo and Kitou 1966 and H. involucrum Dawson 1968. The species have been found at great depths (1,000 m–2,000 m) near Elephant Island, north of the Antarctic Peninsula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-08-25
    Description: Schwerpunkt der Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der geographischen Verbreitung und Vertikalverteilung der Chaetagnathen im Gebiet rund um die Antarktische Halbinsel. Die bearbeiteten Proben stammen hauptsächlich aus dem RMT-8 M, vergleichend werden auch Nansen-Schließnetzfänge (NSN) und im Gebiet der nördlichen Weddell See RMT-1 M-Proben analysiert. Die nördliche Weddell See weist von allen untersuchten Gebieten in den drei Netzen die höchsten Häufigkeiten an Chaetagnathen auf. Im Untersuchungsgebiet sind in den RMT-8-Fängen regelmäßig die Arten S. gazellae, E. hamata, S. marri, S. maxima und E. bathypelagica in Abhängigkeit von der Tiefe vertreten. E. bathyantarctica kommt vereinzelt - hauptsächlich in den NSN-Fängen aus über 1000 m Tiefe - vor. S. gazellae und S. maxima sind in den NSN-Proben kaum vertreten. Zwei möglicherweise bisher unbekannte Arten der Gattung Heterakrohnia (n=10) sowie ein nicht einzuordnendes Exemplar einer vielleicht neuen Gattung ("Heterospadella") sind in den NSN-Fängen aus großer Tiefe (〉1000 m) enthalten, bedürfen jedoch noch der Absicherung. Die im Untersuchungsgebiet am häufigsten anzutreffende Art E. hamata ist mit Ausnahme des direkten Oberflächenbereichs in der gesamten Wassersäule bis in über 1000 m Tiefe nachzuweisen. In den NSN-Proben ist diese Art hauptsächlich zwischen 200 m und 500 m vertreten, in den RMT-1-Proben liegt ihr Abundanzmaximum ebenfalls in diesem Bereich. Mit zunehmender Tiefe ansteigende Häufigkeiten weisen dagegen die RMT-8-Proben auf. Dieses Netz (4,5 mm Maschenweite) erfaßt die kleineren Chaetagnathen nicht. S. gazellae ist in den RMT-8-Proben schwerpunktmäßig zwischen 250 bis 400 m zu finden, die RMT-1-Fänge zeigen maximale Abundanzen zwischen 75 m und 135 m, im RMT-1 nehmen die Häufigkeiten von S. gazellae mit zunehmender Tiefe ab. S. marri, S. maxima und E. bathypelagica kommen verstärkt in größeren Tiefen unterhalb von 200 m in den Proben vor. S. marri und die seltenere S. maxima besiedeln hauptsächlich den mesopelagischen Bereich, die Hauptverbreitungszone von E. bathypelagica liegt tiefer als die von S. marri und S. maxima. Die untersuchten Dauerstationen lassen keine tagesperiodischen Wanderungen der Chaetognathen erkennen. Die Verteilungen der Längen-Häufigkeiten und der Reifestadien zeigen für S. gazellae und E. hamata eine tiefengebundene Größenstaffelung, gekoppelt mit einem fortschreitenden Reifungsprozeß, d.h. mit zunehmender Tiefe treten durchschnittlich größere, reifere lndividuen auf. Für S. marri und S. maxima lassen die Ergebnisse ein ähnliches Phänomen vermuten. Über E. bathypelagica und E. bathyantarctica können aufgrund der geringen Anzahl an gefangenen Tieren keine Aussagen gemacht werden. Eine Korrelation der Abundanzen mit den hydrographischen Umweltdaten (Temperatur, Salzgehalt) weist S. gazellae und E. hamata für antarktische Verhältnisse als eher eurytherme und euryhaline Arten aus. S. marri, S. maxima und E. bathypelagica sind geringeren Salzgehaltsänderungen unterworfen. Minimale Salzgehaltsschwankungen treten im Bereich maximaler Abundanz auf. Die Temperatur- und Salzgehaltsspektren, in denen die fünf Arten im Untersuchungsgebiet vorkommen, bzw. Verbreitungsschwerpunkte haben, werden angegeben. Es werden Angaben zu Darminhalt und Parasitenbefall der Chaetognathen gemacht.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung (1). pp. 26-29.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    INTER-RESEARCH
    In:  EPIC3Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, INTER-RESEARCH, 141, ISSN: 0177-5103
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: The brown shrimp Crangon crangon is a key component of the North Atlantic coastal food web and an important target species for the fishery economy. As the brown shrimp contains large amounts of protein and essential fatty acids, its consumption makes it a beneficial choice for humans. Commercially harvested crustaceans like C. crangon are frequently affected by bacterial shell disease, with necrotizing erosions and ulcerations of the cuticle. To determine whether shell disease influences the nutritional value of C. crangon, total protein and lipid contents, as well as fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue and hepatopancreas, together with the hepatosomatic index, were examined in healthy and affected individuals. The biochemical composition of the tissues did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Also, the hepatosomatic index, as an indicator of energy reserves in shrimps, was similar between healthy and affected animals. Our results indicate that the nutritional value of C. crangon is not affected by shell disease, as long as it remains superficial as in the present study.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    In:  EPIC3Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 248-24, pp. 110465, ISSN: 10964959
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: The brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, is well adapted to the variable environmental conditions in the southern North Sea. It is very abundant, has high reproduction rates, and holds a key position in coastal ecosystems. This species has very low lipid deposits in the midgut gland, suggesting that the main function of the midgut gland is metabolic turnover rather than energy storage. Based on seasonal gene expression studies and established transcriptome data, we investigated key components of lipid metabolic pathways. Gene expression of triacylglycerol lipase, phospholipase, and fatty acid desaturase were analyzed and compared with that of other digestive enzymes involved in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein catabolism. Our results suggest that gene expression of digestive enzymes involved in lipid metabolism is modulated by the lipid content in the midgut gland and is related to food availability. Brown shrimp seem to be capable of using cellular phospholipids during periods of food paucity but high energetic (lipid) requirements. Two of three isoforms of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) from the midgut gland involved in fatty acid transport showed specific mutations of the binding site. We hypothesize that the mutations in FABPs and deficiencies in anabolic pathways limit lipid storage capacities in the midgut gland of C. crangon. In turn, food utilization, including lipid catabolism, has to be efficient to fulfill the energetic requirements of brown shrimp.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-25
    Description: Background: Trophic interactions are key processes, which determine the ecological function and performance of organisms. Many decapod crustaceans feed on plant material as a source for essential nutrients, e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids. Strictly herbivorous feeding appears only occasionally in marine decapods but is common in land crabs. To verify food preferences and to establish trophic markers, we studied the lipid and fatty acid composition of the midgut glands of two marine crab species (Grapsus albolineatus and Percnon affine), one semi-terrestrial species (Orisarma intermedium, formerly Sesarmops intermedius), and one terrestrial species (Geothelphusa albogilva) from Taiwan. Results: All species showed a wide span of total lipid levels ranging from 4 to 42% of the dry mass (%DM) in the marine P. affine and from 3 to 25%DM in the terrestrial G. albogilva. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were the major storage lipid compound. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 20:4(n-6) prevailed in all species. Essential fatty acids such as 20:4(n-6) originated from the diet. Terrestrial species also showed relatively high amounts of 18:2(n-6), which is a trophic marker for vascular plants. The fatty acid compositions of the four species allow to clearly distinguish between marine and terrestrial herbivorous feeding due to significantly different amounts of 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 18:2(n-6). Conclusions: Based on the fatty acid composition, marine/terrestrial herbivory indices were defined and compared with regard to their resolution and differentiating capacity. These indices can help to reveal trophic preferences of unexplored species, particularly in habitats of border regions like mangrove intertidal flats and estuaries.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rstb
    In:  EPIC3Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rstb, 375(1804), pp. 20190647, ISSN: 0962-8436
    Publication Date: 2020-06-17
    Description: The study revealed species- and stage-specific differences in lipid accumulation of the dominant Antarctic copepods, the primarily herbivorous Calanoides acutus (copepodite stage V (CV), females) and the more omnivorous Calanus propinquus (females) storing wax esters and triacylglycerols, respectively, which were collected in summer (end of December). Feeding carbon-labelled diatoms to these copepods, 13C elucidated assimilation and turnover rates of copepod total lipids as well as specific fatty acids and alcohols. The 13C incorporation was monitored by compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA). CV stages of C. acutus exhibited an intense total lipid turnover and 55% of total lipidswere labelled after 9 days of feeding. By contrast, total lipid assimilation of female C. acutus and C. propinquus was lower with 29% and 32%, respectively. The major dietary fatty acids 16:0, 16:1(n − 7) and 20:5(n − 3) had high turnover rates in all specimens. In C. acutus CV, the high rates of the de novo synthesized long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and alcohols 20:1(n − 9) and 22:1(n − 11) indicate intense lipid deposition, whereas these rates were low in females. The differences in lipid assimilation and turnover clearly show that the copepod species exhibit a high variability and plasticity to adapt their lipid production to their various life phases. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids’.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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