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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Insect-plant relationships. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (424 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780128033241
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 81
    DDC: 580
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Botanical Research -- ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH -- Advances in Botanical ResearchInsect-Plant: Interactions in a Crop Protection PerspectiveVolume EditorNicolas SauvionINRA,UM ... -- Contents -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- One - Plant-Insect Interactions: A Palaeontological and an Evolutionary Perspective -- 1. PALAEO-ENTOMOLOGY OR HOW WE CAN RECONSTRUCT THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS -- 2. THE FIRST STEPS IN THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS -- 3. THE APPEARANCE OF ENTOMOPHILOUS POLLINATION -- 4. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF INSECT POLLINATORS AND POLLINATION SYNDROMES -- 5. THE MUTUALISM BETWEEN PLANTS AND POLLINATING INSECTS AND THE RADIATION OF ANGIOSPERMS -- 6. THE ENTOMOPHILOUS POLLINATION: A NEVER-ENDING SOURCE OF PROBLEMS FOR PLANTS -- 7. THE ROLE OF FLOWER MORPHOLOGY IN ENTOMOPHILOUS POLLINATION -- 8. CONSTANTLY EVOLVING INSECT-PLANT INTERACTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Two - Evolution of Plant-Insect Interactions: Insights From Macroevolutionary Approaches in Plants and Herbivorous ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RECONSTRUCTING THE HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATIONS WITH PLANTS -- 2.1 Phylogenetic History of Plant-Insect Interactions and Evolution of Host Range -- 2.2 Diversification Dynamics of Herbivorous Insects -- 2.3 Historical Biogeography of Herbivorous Insects -- 3. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES -- 3.1 General Trends -- 3.2 Word of Caution -- 3.3 Perspective - Integrating Fossil and Phylogenetic Evidence Into Macroevolutionary Studies on Insect-Plant Evolution -- 3.4 Other Perspectives -- REFERENCES -- Three - From Plant Exploitation to Mutualism -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEFENCE AGAINST PREDATORS -- 2.1 Sequestration or Metabolism? -- 2.1.1 Example of Metabolism Excretion -- 2.1.2 Example of Toxic Compounds Sequestration. , 2.1.3 Example of Precursor Sequestration and De Novo Biosynthesis -- 2.2 Energy Cost of Chemical Defence -- 2.3 Modes of Action of Secondary Metabolites on Predators -- 2.3.1 Toxicity -- 2.3.2 Antiappetence -- 2.3.3 Adherent Products -- 2.4 Diversity of Chemical Defence Types -- 2.4.1 Defence Against Insect Predators -- 2.4.2 Defence Against Noninsect Predators -- 3. HOST PLANT MANIPULATION -- 3.1 Insect-Induced Effects on Plants -- 3.1.1 Remodelling From Ultrastructure to Anatomy -- 3.1.2 Interaction With Primary Metabolism -- 3.1.3 Interaction With Secondary Metabolites -- 3.2 Mechanisms Involved in Plant Manipulation -- 3.2.1 Effectors -- 3.2.2 Plant Growth Regulators -- 3.2.3 Behaviour and Cooperation With Conspecifics -- 3.2.4 Cooperation With Other Organisms -- 3.2.4.1 Fungal Contribution to Manipulating Tree Defences -- 3.2.4.2 Modulation of the Fungal Contribution to Manipulating Tree Defences -- 3.3 Outcomes of the Interaction -- 3.3.1 Consequences for Plant Vigour and Survival -- 3.3.2 Costs and Benefits for the Insects -- 3.3.3 Modulation of Plant Manipulation -- 3.3.3.1 Host-Related Factors Including Host Resistance -- 3.3.3.2 Site-Related Factors -- 4. MUTUALISM: A RESULT OF COEVOLUTION? GENETIC AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS -- 4.1 Pollination Mutualisms -- 4.1.1 From Generalists to Specialists -- 4.1.2 Overview of Obligate Pollination Mutualisms -- 4.2 The Fig/Pollinator Mutualism -- 4.2.1 Origin, Diversity, Biogeography -- 4.2.2 Monoecy, Dioecy and How to Protect Seeds -- 4.2.3 Coadaptation and Cospeciation -- 4.3 Obligate Pollination Mutualisms Interacting With Other Trophic Levels -- 4.3.1 A Community of Parasites on the Fig-Fig Wasp Mutualism -- 4.3.2 A Community of Predators on the Fig-Fig Wasp Mutualism -- 4.3.3 Towards a Network of Interactions -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES. , Four - Food Webs and Multiple Biotic Interactions in Plant-Herbivore Models -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FOOD WEBS -- 3. FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF ORGANISMS/CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES WITHIN FOOD WEBS -- 3.1 Trophic Levels -- 3.2 Functional Groups -- 3.3 Herbivorous or Phytophagous Guilds -- 3.4 Bird Guilds -- 4. TROPHIC CASCADES FROM PLANTS TO INSECT PREDATORS -- 4.1 Trophic Cascade Concept -- 4.2 Complexity Within Tritrophic Systems -- 4.2.1 Predator Level -- 4.2.2 Herbivorous/Phytophagous Levels -- 4.2.3 Multiple Interactions at Primary Producer Level -- 4.2.4 Multiple Trophic Interactions Around Vine -- 4.3 Trophic Cascade Control -- 4.3.1 Biotic Controls -- 4.3.2 Controls by Physical and Chemical Factors of the Environment -- 5. APPLICATIONS OF TROPHIC CASCADES FOR MANAGEMENT -- 6. NONTROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN FOOD WEBS -- 6.1 Positive Interactions of Plants Against Herbivory -- 6.2 Susceptibility to Herbivory Due to Plant Neighbourhood -- 6.3 Plant Competition and Herbivory -- 6.4 Competition Between Herbivores -- 6.5 Behaviour-Mediated Trophic Cascades -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Five - Chemical Signatures in Plant-Insect Interactions -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PLASTICITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE CHEMICAL INFORMATION -- 2.1 Plasticity and Specificity in Pheromone Communication -- 2.2 Relevant Examples of Intraspecific Variation in Moth Sexual Communication -- 2.1.1 Pheromone Races of Ostrinia nubilalis (Fig. 1A) -- 2.1.2 Geographic Variation in Spodoptera frugiperda (Fig. 1B) -- 2.1.3 Within-Population Variation in Heliothis virescens (Fig. 1C) -- 2.1.4 Phenotypic Plasticity in Heliothis subflexa Due To Varying Chemical Environments (Fig. 1D) -- 2.1.5 Phenotypic Plasticity in Mamestra brassicae Due To Varying Light Regimes (Fig. 1E) -- 2.3 Plasticity and Specificity in Plant Volatile Organic Compounds -- 2.3.1 Major Groups of Plant Volatiles. , 2.3.2 Plant Physiological Functions of VOCs and Diel Periodicity -- 2.3.3 Genotypic Diversity of Plant VOCs -- 2.3.4 Relationship of Plant VOCs With Climate Changes and Pollution -- 2.3.5 Mechanism of Plant-Plant Communication -- 3. PLANT-INSECT CHEMICAL INTERACTION IN REPRODUCTION -- 3.1 Host Plant Chemical Signal and Reproduction -- 3.2 Species for Which the Host Plant Is the "Rendezvous" Place -- 3.3 Species for Which Host Plants Are Sex Pheromone Precursor -- 4. PLANT-INSECT CHEMICAL INTERACTION IN HOST FINDING FOR OVIPOSITION -- 4.1 Case of Insects That Do Not Mate on the Host Plant -- 4.2 Case of Specialized Insects that Mate and Oviposit on the Host Plant -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Six - The Plant as a Habitat for Entomophagous Insects -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE PLANT: PLACE OF PREDATION AND PARASITISM -- 2.1 In-flight Search for Host and Prey -- 2.2 Searching for Hosts While on Plants and Host Acceptance -- 2.3 Learning and Memory Involved in Host Searching -- 3. THE PLANT, PLACE OF DEVELOPMENT -- 3.1 Effects of Plant Physical Traits on Entomophagous Insect Development -- 3.2 Effects of Plant Defensive Chemistry on Entomophagous Insect Development -- 4. EFFECTS OF NATURAL ENEMIES ON PLANT DEFENCE TRAITS -- 5. THE PLANT AS FOOD SOURCE -- 5.1 Characteristics and Use of Pollen -- 5.2 Characteristics and Use of Floral Nectar -- 5.3 Characteristics and Use of Extrafloral Nectar -- 5.4 Characteristics and Use of Honeydew -- 6. THE ROLES OF LOCAL PLANT COMPOSITION AND LANDSCAPE COMPLEXITY ON DIVERSITY, ABUNDANCE AND THERMOTOLERANCE OF ENTOMOPHAGOUS ... -- 6.1 Insect Communities and Biomes -- 6.2 Landscape-Scale Habitat Complexity and Fragmentation -- 6.3 Local-Scale Plant Heterogeneity -- 6.4 Plant-Made Microclimate and Consequences on the Third Trophic Level -- 7. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Seven - Influence of Microbial Symbionts on Plant-Insect Interactions -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DIVERSITY OF INSECT MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AND ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF INSECT HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS -- 2.1 Diversity of the Symbionts Associated With Herbivorous Insects -- 2.2 Characterization of Microbial Diversity in Insects: Identification and Localization -- 2.3 Symbiont Transmission and Acquisition at the Inter-generational Level -- 3. DIRECT EFFECTS OF SYMBIONTS IN PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS -- 3.1 Influence on Insect Nutrition and Metabolism -- 3.2 Influence on Insect Immunity and Plant Exploitation -- 3.3 Influence on Plant Nutritional Status and Morphology -- 3.4 Impact on Plant Secondary Metabolism/Plant Immunity -- 3.5 Genes Acquired by Horizontal Gene Transfer That Influence Plant-Insect Interactions -- 4. INDIRECT EFFECT OF SYMBIONTS IN PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS: INSECT- AND PLANT-MEDIATED INDIRECT EFFECTS -- 4.1 Impact on Insect Reproduction -- 4.2 Interactions With Natural Enemies of Herbivores: Protection Versus Attraction -- 4.3 Interactions With Plant Pathogens: Influence of Insect Symbionts on Plant Pathogen Transmission -- 5. ECOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION AND INSECT DIVERSIFICATION AND SPECIALIZATION -- 5.1 Ecological Diversification and Plant Specialization -- 5.2 Reproductive Isolation and Speciation -- 5.3 Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant-Insect-Microbe Interactions -- 6. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Eight - How Host Plant and Fluctuating Environments Affect Insect Reproductive Strategies? -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EFFECT OF HOST PLANT QUALITY ON MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTION -- 2.1 Effects of the Host Plant Quality on Larval Development and Consequences on Female Reproductive Output -- 2.1.1 Host Plant and Clutch Size -- 2.1.2 Host Plant and Egg Size -- 2.2 Effect of Host Plant on Male Reproductive Output. , 2.2.1 Male Attractiveness and Competitive Ability.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quebec :Les Presses de l'Université Laval,
    Keywords: New France-Social life and customs. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: No detailed description available for "Les Récollets en Nouvelle-France".
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (571 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9782763740188
    DDC: 508
    Language: French
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    Keywords: Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: The work addresses the following questions in the context of interglacial climate dynamics: (i) What are the amplitudes of natural climate variations on timescales of several years to millennia? (ii) Do abrupt changes in the large-scale circulation of the Atlantic Ocean occur in interglacials? (iii) Which biogeochemical feedback mechanisms control the natural limits of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols? (iv) Which linkages exist between climate and pre-industrial cultures? The work is based on an integrated approach in paleoclimate research, in which all available paleoclimate archives (terrestrial and marine as well as ice cores) are combined in order to yield a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of global environmental variations. Moreover, through a close linkage be-tween paleoclimate reconstructions and results from Earth-system models detailed insights into the dynamics of climate variations are gained
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 139 p. 41 illus., 37 illus. in color) , online resource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Earth and Environmental Science
    ISBN: 9783319006932
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences
    DDC: 551.6
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , DFG Priority Research Program „Integrated analysis of interglacial climate dynamics” (INTERDYNAMIC)Comparison of Climate and Carbon Cycle Dynamics during Late Quaternary Interglacials -- Global Synthesis of Sea-Surface Temperature Trends During Marine Isotope Stage 11 -- Climate Sensitivity During and Between Interglacials -- What Ends an Interglacial? Feedbacks Between Tropical Rainfall, Atlantic Climate and Ice Sheets During the Last Interglacial -- Evaluation of Eemian and Holocene Climate Trends: Combining Marine Archives with Climate Modelling -- Holocene Environmental Variability in the Arctic Gateway -- Detecting Holocene Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Integration of Proxy Data and Climate Simulations -- Phase-shift Between Surface Ocean Warming, Evaporation and Changes of Continental Ice Volume During Termination I Observed at Tropical Ocean Sediment Cores -- Loop Current Variability - its Relation to Meridional Overturning Circulation and the Impact of Mississippi Discharge -- Hydroclimatic Variability in the Panama Bight Region During Termination 1 and the Holocene -- Control of Seasonality and Interannual to Centennial Climate Variability in the Caribbean During the Holocene - Combining Coral Records, Stalagmite Records and Climate Models -- The Southern Westerlies During the Holocene: Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Chilean Lake, Fjord, and Ocean Margin Sediments Combined with Climate Modeling -- Mineral Dust Variability in Antarctic Ice for Different Climate Conditions -- Model-data Synthesis of Monsoon Amplitudes for the Holocene and Eemian -- Vegetation, Climate, Man - Holocene Variability in Monsoonal Central Asia -- Global Land Use and Technological Evolution Simulations to Quantify Interactions Between Climate and Pre-industrial Cultures -- North-west African Hydrologic Changes in the Holocene: a Combined Isotopic Data and Model Approach -- Holocene Climate Dynamics, Biogeochemical Cycles and Ecosystem Variability in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea -- Environmental and Climate Dynamics During the last two Glacial Terminations and Interglacials in the Black Sea/Northern Anatolian Region -- Seasonal Reconstruction of Summer Precipitation Variability and Dating of Flood Events for the Millennium Between 3250 to 2250 Years BC for the Main Region, Southern Germany -- Precipitation in the Past Millennium in Europe - Extension to Roman Times.
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  • 4
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Meeresbergbau ; Umweltbelastung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 Seiten, 14,8 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Language: German , English
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03F0707 A-G. - Verbund-Nummer 01155327. - Literaturangaben , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Text überwiegend deutsch, teilweise englisch. - Sprache der Zusammenfassungen: Deutsch, Englisch
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  • 5
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    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 17(2), pp. 805-824, ISSN: 1814-9332
    Publication Date: 2021-07-26
    Description: We present a climatology of the near-sea-surface temperature (NSST) anomaly and the sea-ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23000–19000 years before present) mapped on a global regular 1◦ × 1◦ grid. It is an extension of the Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP) reconstruction of the Atlantic NSST based on the faunal and floral assemblage data of the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) project and several recent estimates of the LGM sea-ice extent. Such a gridded climatology is highly useful for the visualization of the LGM climate, calculation of global and regional NSST averages, and estimation of the equilibrium climate sensitivity, as well as a boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation models. The gridding of the sparse NSST reconstruction was done in an optimal way using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software, which takes into account the uncertainty in the reconstruction and includes the calculation of an error field. The resulting Glacial Ocean Map (GLOMAP) confirms the previous findings by the MARGO project regarding longitudinal and meridional NSST differences that were greater than today in all oceans. Taken at face value, the estimated global and tropical cooling would imply an equilibrium climate sensitivity at the lower end of the currently accepted range. However, because of anticipated changes in the seasonality and thermal structure of the upper ocean during the LGM as well as uneven spatial sampling, the estimated cooling and implied climate sensitivity are likely to be biased towards lower values.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼ 21 000 years ago) has been a major focus for evaluating how well state-of-the-art climate models simulate climate changes as large as those expected in the future using paleoclimate reconstructions. A new generation of climate models has been used to generate LGM simulations as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) contribution to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Here, we provide a preliminary analysis and evaluation of the results of these LGM experiments (PMIP4, most of which are PMIP4-CMIP6) and compare them with the previous generation of simulations (PMIP3, most of which are PMIP3-CMIP5). We show that the global averages of the PMIP4 simulations span a larger range in terms of mean annual surface air temperature and mean annual precipitation compared to the PMIP3-CMIP5 simulations, with some PMIP4 simulations reaching a globally colder and drier state. However, the multi-model global cooling average is similar for the PMIP4 and PMIP3 ensembles, while the multi-model PMIP4 mean annual precipitation average is drier than the PMIP3 one. There are important differences in both atmospheric and oceanic circulations between the two sets of experiments, with the northern and southern jet streams being more poleward and the changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation being less pronounced in the PMIP4-CMIP6 simulations than in the PMIP3-CMIP5 simulations. Changes in simulated precipitation patterns are influenced by both temperature and circulation changes. Differences in simulated climate between individual models remain large. Therefore, although there are differences in the average behaviour across the two ensembles, the new simulation results are not fundamentally different from the PMIP3-CMIP5 results. Evaluation of large-scale climate features, such as land–sea contrast and polar amplification, confirms that the models capture these well and within the uncertainty of the paleoclimate reconstructions. Nevertheless, regional climate changes are less well simulated: the models underestimate extratropical cooling, particularly in winter, and precipitation changes. These results point to the utility of using paleoclimate simulations to understand the mechanisms of climate change and evaluate model performance.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-10-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    In:  EPIC3Emerging Applications of Data Assimilation in the Geosciences, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2017-03-13-2017-03-17
    Publication Date: 2017-04-25
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography, Wiley, 32, ISSN: 0883-8305
    Publication Date: 2017-04-25
    Description: The global ocean state for the modern age and for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was dynamically reconstructed with a sophisticated data assimilation technique. A substantial amount of data including global seawater temperature, salinity (only for the modern estimate), and the isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon (only in the Atlantic for the LGM) were integrated into an ocean general circulation model with the help of the adjoint method, thereby the model was optimized to reconstruct plausible continuous fields of tracers, overturning circulation and water mass distribution. The adjoint-based LGM state estimation of this study represents the state of the art in terms of the length of forward model runs, the number of observations assimilated, and the model domain. Compared to the modern state, the reconstructed continuous sea-surface temperature field for the LGM shows a global-mean cooling of 2.2 K, and the reconstructed LGM ocean has a more vigorous Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, shallower North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) equivalent, stronger stratification, and more saline deep water.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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