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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-9)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-9)
    Abstract: The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus , supports a key European fishery. Stock assessments for this species are mostly based on trawling and UnderWater TeleVision (UWTV) surveys. However, N. norvegicus are burrowing organisms and these survey methods are unable to sample or observe individuals in their burrows. To account for this, UWTV surveys generally assume that “1 burrow system = 1 animal”, due to the territorial behavior of N. norvegicus . Nevertheless, this assumption still requires in-situ validation. Here, we outline how to improve the accuracy of current stock assessments for N. norvegicus with novel ecological monitoring technologies, including: robotic fixed and mobile camera-platforms, telemetry, environmental DNA (eDNA), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). First, we outline the present status and threat for overexploitation in N. norvegicus stocks. Then, we discuss how the burrowing behavior of N. norvegicus biases current stock assessment methods. We propose that state-of-the-art stationary and mobile robotic platforms endowed with innovative sensors and complemented with AI tools could be used to count both animals and burrows systems in-situ , as well as to provide key insights into burrowing behavior. Next, we illustrate how multiparametric monitoring can be incorporated into assessments of physiology and burrowing behavior. Finally, we develop a flowchart for the appropriate treatment of multiparametric biological and environmental data required to improve current stock assessment methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.969071
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.969071.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Developing technological synergies between deep-sea and space research
    University of California Press ; 2022
    In:  Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-02-08)
    Details
    In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-02-08)
    Abstract: Recent advances in robotic design, autonomy and sensor integration create solutions for the exploration of deep-sea environments, transferable to the oceans of icy moons. Marine platforms do not yet have the mission autonomy capacity of their space counterparts (e.g., the state of the art Mars Perseverance rover mission), although different levels of autonomous navigation and mapping, as well as sampling, are an extant capability. In this setting their increasingly biomimicked designs may allow access to complex environmental scenarios, with novel, highly-integrated life-detecting, oceanographic and geochemical sensor packages. Here, we lay an outlook for the upcoming advances in deep-sea robotics through synergies with space technologies within three major research areas: biomimetic structure and propulsion (including power storage and generation), artificial intelligence and cooperative networks, and life-detecting instrument design. New morphological and material designs, with miniaturized and more diffuse sensor packages, will advance robotic sensing systems. Artificial intelligence algorithms controlling navigation and communications will allow the further development of the behavioral biomimicking by cooperating networks. Solutions will have to be tested within infrastructural networks of cabled observatories, neutrino telescopes, and off-shore industry sites with agendas and modalities that are beyond the scope of our work, but could draw inspiration on the proposed examples for the operational combination of fixed and mobile platforms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-1026
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2021.00064
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745461-7
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  • 3
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    Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy
    American Medical Association (AMA) ; 2022
    In:  JAMA Network Open Vol. 5, No. 11 ( 2022-11-21), p. e2243119-
    Details
    In: JAMA Network Open, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 5, No. 11 ( 2022-11-21), p. e2243119-
    Abstract: Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. Objective To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. Exposures Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. Results A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR] , 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; P  = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15-1.53; P   & amp;lt; .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31; P  = .03). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2574-3805
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43119
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2931249-8
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  • 4
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    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-18)
    Abstract: Behavioral rhythms are a key aspect of species fitness, since optimize ecological activities of animals in response to a constantly changing environment. Cabled observatories enable researchers to collect long-term biological and environmental data in real-time, providing relevant information on coastal fishes’ ecological niches and their temporal regulation (i.e., phenology). In this framework, the platform OBSEA (an EMSO Testing-Site in the NW coastal Mediterranean) was used to monitor the 24-h and seasonal occurrence of an ecologically iconic (i.e., top-predator) coastal fish species, the common dentex ( Dentex dentex ). By coupling image acquisition with oceanographic and meteorological data collection at a high-frequency (30 min), we compiled 8-years’ time-series of fish counts, showing daytime peaks by waveform analysis. Peaks of occurrence followed the photophase limits as an indication of photoperiodic regulation of behavior. At the same time, we evidenced a seasonal trend of counts variations under the form of significant major and minor increases in August and May, respectively. A progressive multiannual trend of counts increase was also evidenced in agreement with the NW Mediterranean expansion of the species. In GLM and GAM modeling, counts not only showed significant correlation with solar irradiance but also with water temperature and wind speed, providing hints on the species reaction to projected climate change scenarios. Grouping behavior was reported mostly at daytime. Results were discussed assuming a possible link between count patterns and behavioral activity, which may influence video observations at different temporal scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.837216
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.837216.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 5
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    Different Traits, Different Evolutionary Pathways: Insights from Salamandrina (Amphibia, Caudata)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2022-11-28), p. 3326-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2022-11-28), p. 3326-
    Abstract: Species delimitation is often based on a single or very few genetic or phenetic traits, something which leads to misinterpretations and often does not provide information about evolutionary processes. Here, we investigated the diversity pattern of multiple phenetic traits of the two extant species of Salamandrina, a genus split only after molecular traits had been studied but the two species of which are phenetically very similar. The phenetic traits we studied are size, external body shape and head colour pattern, in a model comparison framework using non-linear mixed models and unsupervised and supervised clustering. Overall, we found high levels of intra-specific variability for body size and shape, depending on population belonging and habitat, while differences between species were generally lower. The habitat the salamanders dwell in also seems important for colour pattern. Basing on our findings, from the methodological point of view, we suggest (i) to take into account the variability at population level when testing for higher level variability, and (ii) a semi-supervised learning approach to high dimensional data. We also showed that different phenotypic traits of the same organism could result from different evolutionary routes. Local adaptation is likely responsible for body size and shape variability, with selective pressures more similar across species than within them. Head colour pattern also depends on habitat, differently from ventral colour pattern (not studied in this paper) which likely evolved under genetic drift.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12233326
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    Megafaunal assemblages in deep-sea ecosystems of the Gulf of Cadiz, northeast Atlantic ocean
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Vol. 183 ( 2022-05), p. 103738-
    Details
    In: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Elsevier BV, Vol. 183 ( 2022-05), p. 103738-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-0637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103738
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500309-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1146810-5
    SSG: 14
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  • 7
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    Marine Robotics for Deep-Sea Specimen Collection: A Systematic Review of Underwater Grippers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2022-01-14), p. 648-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2022-01-14), p. 648-
    Abstract: The collection of delicate deep-sea specimens of biological interest with remotely operated vehicle (ROV) industrial grippers and tools is a long and expensive procedure. Industrial grippers were originally designed for heavy manipulation tasks, while sampling specimens requires dexterity and precision. We describe the grippers and tools commonly used in underwater sampling for scientific purposes, systematically review the state of the art of research in underwater gripping technologies, and identify design trends. We discuss the possibility of executing typical manipulations of sampling procedures with commonly used grippers and research prototypes. Our results indicate that commonly used grippers ensure that the basic actions either of gripping or caging are possible, and their functionality is extended by holding proper tools. Moreover, the approach of the research status seems to have changed its focus in recent years: from the demonstration of the validity of a specific technology (actuation, transmission, sensing) for marine applications, to the solution of specific needs of underwater manipulation. Finally, we summarize the environmental and operational requirements that should be considered in the design of an underwater gripper.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22020648
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
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    Video_2.mp4
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-26)
    Abstract: Ocean observatories collect large volumes of video data, with some data archives now spanning well over a few decades, and bringing the challenges of analytical capacity beyond conventional processing tools. The analysis of such vast and complex datasets can only be achieved with appropriate machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. The implementation of AI monitoring programs for animal tracking and classification becomes necessary in the particular case of deep-sea cabled observatories, as those operated by Ocean Networks Canada (ONC), where Petabytes of data are now collected each and every year since their installation. Here, we present a machine-learning and computer vision automated pipeline to detect and count sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria ), a key commercially exploited species in the N-NE Pacific. We used 651 hours of video footage obtained from three long-term monitoring sites in the NEPTUNE cabled observatory, in Barkley Canyon, on the nearby slope, and at depths ranging from 420 to 985 m. Our proposed AI sablefish detection and classification pipeline was tested and validated for an initial 4.5 month period (Sep 18 2019-Jan 2 2020), and was a first step towards validation for future processing of the now decade-long video archives from Barkley Canyon. For the validation period, we trained a YOLO neural network on 2917 manually annotated frames containing sablefish images to obtain an automatic detector with a 92% Average Precision (AP) on 730 test images, and a 5-fold cross-validation AP of 93% (± 3.7%). We then ran the detector on all video material (i.e., 651 hours from a 4.5 month period), to automatically detect and annotate sablefish. We finally applied a tracking algorithm on detection results, to approximate counts of individual fishes moving on scene and obtain a time series of proxy sablefish abundance. Those proxy abundance estimates are among the first to be made using such a large volume of video data from deep-sea settings. We discuss our AI results for application on a decade-long video monitoring program, and particularly with potential for complementing fisheries management practices of a commercially important species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.842946
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.842946.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.842946.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-8-29)
    Abstract: Scientific, industrial and societal needs call urgently for the development and establishment of intelligent, cost-effective and ecologically sustainable monitoring protocols and robotic platforms for the continuous exploration of marine ecosystems. Internet Operated Vehicles (IOVs) such as crawlers, provide a versatile alternative to conventional observing and sampling tools, being tele-operated, (semi-) permanent mobile platforms capable of operating on the deep and coastal seafloor. Here we present outstanding observations made by the crawler “Wally” in the last decade at the Barkley Canyon (BC, Canada, NE Pacific) methane hydrates site, as a part of the NEPTUNE cabled observatory. The crawler followed the evolution of microhabitats formed on and around biotic and/or abiotic structural features of the site (e.g., a field of egg towers of buccinid snails, and a colonized boulder). Furthermore, episodic events of fresh biomass input were observed (i.e., the mass transport of large gelatinous particles, the scavenging of a dead jellyfish and the arrival of macroalgae from shallower depths). Moreover, we report numerous faunal behaviors (i.e., sablefish rheo- and phototaxis, the behavioral reactions and swimming or resting patterns of further fish species, encounters with octopuses and various crab intra- and interspecific interactions). We report on the observed animal reactions to both natural and artificial stimuli (i.e., crawler’s movement and crawler light systems). These diverse observations showcase different capabilities of the crawler as a modern robotic monitoring platform for marine science and offshore industry. Its long deployments and mobility enable its efficiency in combining the repeatability of long-term studies with the versatility to opportunistically observe rarely seen incidents when they occur, as highlighted here. Finally, we critically assess the empirically recorded ecological footprint and the potential impacts of crawler operations on the benthic ecosystem of the Barkley Canyon hydrates site, together with potential solutions to mitigate them into the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.833617
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.833617.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Marine Robotics for Deep-Sea Specimen Collection: A Taxonomy of Underwater Manipulative Actions
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2022-02-14), p. 1471-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2022-02-14), p. 1471-
    Abstract: In order to develop a gripping system or control strategy that improves scientific sampling procedures, knowledge of the process and the consequent definition of requirements is fundamental. Nevertheless, factors influencing sampling procedures have not been extensively described, and selected strategies mostly depend on pilots’ and researchers’ experience. We interviewed 17 researchers and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) technical operators, through a formal questionnaire or in-person interviews, to collect evidence of sampling procedures based on their direct field experience. We methodologically analyzed sampling procedures to extract single basic actions (called atomic manipulations). Available equipment, environment and species-specific features strongly influenced the manipulative choices. We identified a list of functional and technical requirements for the development of novel end-effectors for marine sampling. Our results indicate that the unstructured and highly variable deep-sea environment requires a versatile system, capable of robust interactions with hard surfaces such as pushing or scraping, precise tuning of gripping force for tasks such as pulling delicate organisms away from hard and soft substrates, and rigid holding, as well as a mechanism for rapidly switching among external tools.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22041471
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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