Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Introduction to Drainage Basin Dynamics: Morphology, Landscape and Modelling -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Key Aims of the Book -- 1.3 Organization of This Volume -- References -- 2 Morphological Dynamics, Erosion Potential and Morphogenesis of Badlands in Laterites of the Bengal Basin, India -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Geomorphic Identities of Study Area -- 2.3 Materials and Methods -- 2.3.1 Secondary Data Collection -- 2.3.2 Digital Topographic Analysis -- 2.3.3 Topology of Drainage Network -- 2.3.4 Morphometric Attributes -- 2.3.5 SCS-CN Method and Runoff-Sediment Yield Coupling -- 2.3.6 Quantitative Measures of Gully Erosion Potential -- 2.4 Results and Interpretation -- 2.4.1 Stream Ordering System in Gullies -- 2.4.2 Fractal Dimension of Drainage Network (FDDN) -- 2.4.3 Model of Stream Magnitude and Channel Link -- 2.4.4 Linear Aspects of Gullies -- 2.4.5 Slope and Relief Aspects of Gullies and Statistical Inference -- 2.4.6 Topographic Threshold of Gully Initiation -- 2.4.7 Rainfall-Runoff Simulation and Sediment Yield -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.5.1 Triggers of Gully Development -- 2.5.2 Local Triggers -- 2.5.3 Upstream Triggers -- 2.5.4 Downstream Triggers -- 2.5.5 Geochronology of Gully Initiation -- 2.5.6 Connectivity Model of Badland Evolution -- 2.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Plan Shape Geomorphology of Alluvial Valley in the Middle-Lower and Deltaic Courses of the Subarnarekha River Basin, India -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 Study Area -- 3.2.2 Database and Data Processing -- 3.2.3 Extraction of Landform Terraces and Morphological Features -- 3.2.4 Geometrical Analysis -- 3.2.5 Sedimentological Analysis -- 3.3 Results and Discussion. , 3.3.1 Fluvio-Marine Environments and Landform Terraces -- 3.3.2 Geometrical Diversity of River Course -- 3.3.3 Plan Shape Geomorphology and Depositional Environments -- 3.3.3.1 Geomorphological Features in the Upper Cut and Fill Valley Terrace -- 3.3.3.2 Geomorphological Features in the Lower Cut and Fill Valley Terrace -- 3.3.3.3 Geomorphological Features in the Deltaplain -- 3.3.4 Morphology of Mid-Channel bar -- 3.4 Sedimentary Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Quantitative Assessment of Channel Planform Dynamics and Meander Bend Evolution of the Ramganga River, Ganga Basin, India -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area -- 4.3 Database and Methodology -- 4.3.1 Data Acquisition -- 4.3.2 Image Processing -- 4.3.3 Channel Planform Parameters -- 4.3.4 Delineation of Bank Lines -- 4.3.5 Determining Bank Line Migration -- 4.3.6 Meander Bend Morphology -- 4.4 Result -- 4.4.1 Active Channel Width (ACW) -- 4.4.2 Active Channel Total Channel Width Ratio (ACTCWR) -- 4.4.3 Channel Length (CL) -- 4.4.4 Channel Sinuosity (CS) -- 4.4.5 Braiding Index (BI) -- 4.4.6 Active Channel Area (ACA) -- 4.4.7 Channel Belt Area (CBA) -- 4.4.8 Active Channel Area-Channel Belt Ratio (ACACBR) -- 4.4.9 Sandbar Number and Types -- 4.4.10 Sandbar Area Active Channel Area Ratio (SAACAR) -- 4.4.11 Channel Centreline Migration -- 4.4.12 Bank Line Migration -- 4.4.13 Meander Bend Dynamics -- 4.4.13.1 Meander Bend Radius (Rmb) -- 4.4.13.2 Meander Bend Width (Wmb) -- 4.4.13.3 Meander Bend Curvature Channel Width Ratio (Rcw) -- 4.4.13.4 Length of Meander Bend (Lmb) -- 4.4.13.5 Meander Bend Amplitude (Amb) -- 4.4.13.6 Wavelength of Meander Bend (Wmb) -- 4.4.13.7 Meander Bend Sinuosity (Smb) -- 4.5 Discussion -- 4.5.1 Dynamics of Channel Planform Parameters. , 4.5.2 Changes in Channel Pattern/Growth of Bars and Islands -- 4.5.3 Trend of Channel Migration -- 4.5.4 Pattern of Bank Line Migration -- 4.5.5 Role of Flood in Channel Planform Change and Channel Migration -- 4.5.6 Role of Dam on Channel Planform -- 4.5.7 Evolution of Meander Bend Parameters -- 4.5.8 Mechanism of Change in Meander Bend Morphology -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Changes of Flow Regime in Response to River Interventions in the Barakar River, India -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Barakar River: Geomorphic and Climatic Settings -- 5.3 Materials and Methods -- 5.4 Results and Discussions -- 5.4.1 Temporal Trend of Rainfall and Discharge Using the Mann-Kendall Test -- 5.4.2 Variability in Hydrological Characteristics of the Barakar River -- 5.4.2.1 Temporal Change in Seasonal Flow Discharge -- 5.4.2.2 Late Shifting of the Hydrograph at the Maithon Hydraulic Station -- 5.4.2.3 The Trend of Maximum (Qmax) and Minimum (Qmin) Flow Discharge at Tilaiya and Maithon Hydraulic Station: -- 5.4.3 Relationship Between Discharge and Rainfall of Two Stations on the Barakar River Basin -- 5.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Landscape Characterization using Geomorphometric Parameters for a Small Sub-Humid River Basin of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, Eastern India -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.2.1 Database -- 6.2.2 Data Analysis -- 6.2.3 Extraction of Morphometric Parameters -- 6.3 Study Area -- 6.3.1 River Course and Basin Physiography -- 6.3.2 Climatic Attributes and Soil Cover -- 6.3.3 Basin Lithology -- 6.3.4 Basin Geomorphology -- 6.4 Results and Discussions -- 6.4.1 Enumerated Morphometric Parameters -- 6.4.2 Statistical Analysis of enumerated Morphometric Parameters -- 6.4.4 Relating changing LULC attributes with the Terrain Units -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 7 River Raidak-I Migration Dynamics Within Himalayan Foreland Basin Applying Quaternary Sedimentological Bank Facies and Geospatial Techniques -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.3 Materials and Methods -- 7.3.1 Data Acquisition -- 7.3.2 Bank Line Change Detection and Measurement of Lateral Channel Migration -- 7.3.3 Bank Facies Study -- 7.3.4 Statistical Techniques -- 7.4 Results -- 7.4.1 Channel Sinuosity -- 7.4.2 Radius of Curvature (Rc) -- 7.4.3 Channel Width -- 7.4.4 Short-Term Riverbank Erosion and Accretion Trend -- 7.4.5 Long-Term Riverbank Erosion and Accretion Trend -- 7.4.6 Short-Term Channel Migration -- 7.4.7 Long-Term Channel Migration -- 7.4.8 Quaternary Sedimentary Bank Facies -- 7.5 Discussion -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Spatio-Temporal Variation of Morphological Characteristics in Bhagirathi River-Case Study in Murshidabad District, West Bengal (India) -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Materials and Methods -- 8.3.1 Data Used -- 8.3.2 Digitization of Satellite Data -- 8.3.3 Cross-Sectional Analysis -- 8.3.4 Identification of Morphological Characteristics -- 8.3.5 Hydraulic Sinuosity Index (HSI) -- 8.3.6 Braiding Index (BI) -- 8.3.7 Entrenchment Ratio (ER) -- 8.3.8 Statistical Analysis -- 8.4 Results -- 8.4.1 Morphometric Pattern at Different Time Intervals -- 8.5 Discussion -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Sedimentation and Shifting of Lower Mundeswari and Rupnarayan River, West Bengal, India -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study Area -- 9.3 Database and Methodology -- 9.3.1 River Velocity -- 9.3.2 River Discharge -- 9.3.3 Carrying Capacity -- 9.3.5 Bank-Full Index -- 9.3.6 Stream Power -- 9.3.7 Size of Grain and Particles -- 9.3.8 Channel Shifting -- 9.3.9 Sedimentation Analysis -- 9.3.9.1 River Channel Cross Profile -- 9.4 Results. , 9.4.1 Different Kinds of Criteria on River Rupnarayan and Mundeswari -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Role of Controlling Factors in the Development of Drainage Around Rajmahal Hills, Jharkhand and West Bengal -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area -- 10.3 Database and Methodology -- 10.4 Result and Discussion -- 10.4.1 Drainage Characteristics -- 10.4.1.1 Linear Aspects -- Stream Number -- Mean Stream Length -- Stream Length Ratio (RL) -- Bifurcation Ratio (Rb) -- Stream Length-Gradient Index -- The Best-Fit Functions to River Longitudinal Profiles -- Drainage Density (Dd) -- Stream Frequency (Sf) -- Constant of Channel Maintenance (CCM) -- Length of Overland Flow (Lo) -- Drainage Texture -- 10.4.2 Topographic Characteristics -- 10.4.2.1 Relative Relief (Rr) -- 10.4.2.2 Average Slope (as) -- 10.4.2.3 Hypsometric Index (Hi) -- 10.4.3 Geology -- 10.4.4 Vegetation -- 10.4.5 Controls on Drainage -- 10.4.5.1 Topography -- 10.4.5.2 Geology -- 10.4.5.3 Lithology -- 10.4.5.4 Drainage Network and Lineament in Relation to the Structure -- 10.4.6 Climate -- 10.4.7 Vegetation -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Analyzing Morphometric Attributes of Kopai River Basin of West Bengal, India, Using Geospatial Technology -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Study Area -- 11.3 Materials and Methods -- 11.4 Result and Discussion -- 11.4.1 Quantitative Study of Different Geomorphic Attributes -- 11.4.1.1 Relief Attributes -- Absolute Relief -- Relative Relief -- Average Relief -- Relief Variability Index -- Dissection Index -- 11.4.1.2 Slope Attributes -- Actual and Average Slope -- Slope Variability Index -- Slope Aspect -- 11.4.1.3 Drainage Attributes -- Stream Order -- Stream Number -- Stream Length -- Bifurcation Ratio -- Drainage Density -- Ruggedness Index -- Drainage Texture -- 11.4.1.4 Basin Geometry. , Circulatory Ratio.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Anthropogeomorphology and Geospatial Technology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Interaction Between Geomorphology and Human -- 1.3 Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Geomorphological Application -- 1.4 Anthropogenic Landform and Intervention of Geospatial Technology -- 1.4.1 Mining, Quarrying and Geomorphological Change and Application of Geospatial Technology -- 1.4.2 Riverine Geomorphology and Human Intervention and Application of Geospatial Technology -- 1.4.3 Coastal Geomorphology and Human Intervention and Application of Geospatial Technology -- 1.4.4 Human Intervention in Mountainous Region and Application of Geospatial Technology -- 1.4.5 Soil, Gully Erosion and Application of Geospatial Solution -- 1.4.6 Urban Geomorphology and Application of Geospatial Solution -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Braiding and Planform Pattern of Ganga -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Planform Pattern of the River -- Sinuosity Ratio (SR) -- Planform Index -- 2.2 Study Area and Data -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: SWAT-Based Analysis of Ganga Water Availability at Farakka -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -- 3.2.2 Land Use and Land Cover -- 3.2.3 Soil Data -- 3.2.4 Meteorological Data -- 3.2.5 Model Setup -- 3.2.6 Surface Runoff Estimation -- 3.2.7 Calibration and Validation -- 3.2.8 Model Performance Evaluation -- 3.3 Result and Discussion -- 3.3.1 SWAT Model Performance -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Bank Erosion and Sediment Deposition in Teesta River: A Spatiotemporal Analysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodology and Data Sources -- 4.3 Results and Discussion. , 4.3.1 The Process of Erosion and Deposition -- 4.3.2 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Bank Erosion and Sediment Deposition -- 4.3.3 Erosion and Deposition in Nilphamari District -- 4.3.4 Erosion and Deposition in Rangpur District -- 4.3.5 Erosion and Deposition in Lalmonirhat District -- 4.3.6 Erosion and Deposition in Kurigram District -- 4.3.7 Erosion and Deposition in Gaibandha District -- 4.3.8 Comparison of Erosion and Deposition Among the Study Districts -- 4.4 Recommendations -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Remote Sensing and GIS Application in Flood Management: A Case Study of the Jiadhal River Basin of Dhemaji District... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area -- 5.3 Materials and Methodology -- 5.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover -- 5.3.2 Altitudinal Zones -- 5.3.3 Slope -- 5.3.4 Flow Accumulation -- 5.3.5 Drainage Network -- 5.3.6 Drainage Proximity -- 5.3.7 Geomorphological Units -- 5.4 Results -- 5.4.1 Flood Hazard Zones -- 5.4.2 Flood Management -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Geomorphic History and Analysis of Deterioration of Quaternary Red Sands of Visakhapatnam, East Coast of India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.3 Background of the Study Area -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 Human Intervention and Spatio-temporal Changes -- 6.6 Remedial Measures -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Recent Disturbances in the Geomorphic Processes Due to Human Interventions Along the West Coast of India -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Study Area -- 7.1.2 Oceanographic Condition in the Vicinity -- 7.2 Materials and Methods -- 7.2.1 Mapping Coastal Geomorphology -- 7.2.2 Shoreline Analysis -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.3.1 Coastal Geomorphology and Nearshore Landforms -- 7.3.2 Shoreline Analysis and Coastal Modification -- 7.3.3 Coastal Features and Coastal Stability -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 8: River Dynamics of the Ganga and Its Tributaries in the Siwalik-Tarai Region of Haridwar District, Uttarakhand, India -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.2.1 Area and Location -- 8.2.2 Geological Characteristics of the Study Area -- 8.2.3 Tectonic Setup of the Area -- 8.2.4 Geomorphological Characteristics of the Area -- The Ganga Megafan Surface -- River Valley Terrace Surface (T1) -- Piedmont Fan Surface (PF) -- Active Flood Plain Surface (T0) -- 8.3 Result and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Analysis of Channel Characteristics -- Altitudinal Variation and River Dynamics -- 8.3.2 Aggrading Characteristics of the Ganga and Its tributaries -- Impacts of Sedimentation on Channel Bars -- Channel Forms in the Cross-Section of Ganga River -- Channel Abandonment and Development of Stable Mid-Channel Bar in Ganga River -- 8.3.3 Shifting and Avulsion Nature of River Channels -- Different Sites of Avulsion -- Change Detection Study on Shifting and Avulsion of Ganga and Other Rivers -- 8.3.4 Observation of Flood-Induced Channel Avulsion -- Variability of Water Discharge and Flooding Nature of the Rivers -- Impact of the 2013 Flood on Channel Geomorphology -- 8.3.5 Anthropogenic Impacts on Ganga River Channel -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Tidal Mechanism and the Changing Fluvio-Geomorphological Environment of the Interfluves in Indian Indian Sundarbans... -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Objectives -- 9.3 Methodology -- 9.4 Background of the Study Area -- 9.4.1 Locational Significance of Sundarbans in India -- Climate -- Temperature -- Rainfall -- Relative Humidity -- Wind Direction and Wind Velocity -- 9.5 Relief -- 9.6 Natural Calamities -- 9.7 Tidal Bores -- 9.8 Impact of Tides on the Fluvio-Geomorphological Environment in Indian Sundarbans -- 9.9 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 10: Appraisal of the Variation of TSS and Turbidity on Fish Production in Mahanadi Delta Region Post Fani and Phailin ... -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area -- 10.3 Data Source and Methodology -- 10.3.1 Retrieval Method of Total Suspended Solid Concentration -- 10.3.2 Retrieval Method of Turbidity -- 10.4 Results and Discussions -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Impact of Sand Mining on the Physical Health of the River and the Livelihood of the People: A Case Study of Umtyng... -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 River Health -- 11.2 Statement of the Problem -- 11.3 Objectives -- 11.4 Study Area -- 11.5 Materials and Methods -- 11.6 Results and Discussion -- 11.6.1 Types and Methods of Sand Mining -- 11.6.2 Quantity of Sand Extraction -- 11.6.3 Quantity of Sand Extracted in Two Mining Sites of the Area -- 11.7 Impact on River Health -- 11.8 Effects of Sand Mining on Livelihoods -- 11.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Assessment of Water Quality and Landscape Dynamics in Some Selected Pit Lakes of Andal Block, Paschim Bardhaman, W... -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Description of the Study Area -- 12.2.2 Analysis of Physico-chemical Parameters -- 12.2.3 WQI Analysis -- 12.2.4 Method for Analysing the Evolution of Pit Lake -- 12.2.5 Scheme for Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover -- 12.3 Result and Discussion -- 12.3.1 Genesis and Evolution of Pit Lake -- 12.3.2 Land Use/Land Cover Change Analysis -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Utility of Low-Cost Geospatial Tools for Monitoring of Water Resources for Their Conservation and Optimum Manageme... -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Materials and Methods -- 13.3 Results and Discussion -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Modeling and Monitoring Soil Erosion by Water Using Remote Sensing Satellite Data and GIS -- 14.1 Introduction. , 14.1.1 Soil Erosion Factors and Processes -- 14.1.2 Factors Affecting Water Erosion -- 14.1.3 Soil Erosion Types -- 14.2 Remote Sensing -- 14.3 GIS Analysis -- 14.4 Soil Erosion Models -- 14.4.1 Empirical Models -- 14.4.2 Conceptual Models -- 14.4.3 Physical Process-Based Models -- 14.4.4 Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) -- 14.4.5 Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) -- 14.4.6 Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) -- 14.4.7 Revised Morgan, Morgan & -- Finney (MMF) Model -- 14.4.8 Soil & -- Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) -- 14.4.9 Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model -- 14.4.10 GeoWEPP -- 14.4.11 Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) -- 14.4.12 Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) -- 14.5 Satellite Remote Sensing in Soil Erosion Assessment -- 14.5.1 Land Use/Land Cover -- 14.5.2 Topographic Information -- 14.5.3 Soil Information -- 14.5.4 Rainfall Information -- 14.6 Monitoring Soil Erosion with Remote Sensing -- 14.7 Case Study -- 14.7.1 Soil Erosion Risk Assessment in a Watershed Using the RUSLE Model -- 14.8 Simulating Climate Change Impact on Soil Erosion Using SWAT -- 14.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Soil Erosion Assessment Using RUSLE Model in the Randigad Catchment in Northern India -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Study Area -- 15.3 Materials and Methods -- 15.3.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -- 15.3.2 Rainfall Data -- 15.3.3 LISS IV Data -- 15.3.4 Soil Data -- 15.4 Methodology -- 15.4.1 Calculation of RUSLE Factor -- Rainfall Erosivity Factor (R) -- Soil Erodibilty Factor (K) -- 15.4.2 Slope Length and Steepness Factor (LS) -- Crop Management Factor, C -- Conservation Practices, P -- 15.5 Result and Discussion -- 15.5.1 Prioritisation of Micro-Watersheds -- 15.5.2 Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk with LULC -- 15.6 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 16: Role of Geospatial Techniques in Soil Erosion Modelling in South Koel Basin, Jharkhand, India.